Reading-- Chernobyl
On April 26, 1986, Unit 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor in northern Ukraine, then a part of the Soviet Union, was shut down for an unauthorized safety test. When the nuclear fuel rods hit the cooling water, the fission reaction accelerated out of control due to a sudden power surge. This caused the reactor to overheat and build up pressure until its structure failed and it blew up, releasing large amounts of radiation. It took officials a whole day to comprehend the scale of the disaster and to order an evacuation of the surrounding area. Some 50,000 people had to leave, not knowing that they would never return.
ps:?1986年4月26日，當時是蘇聯一部分的烏克蘭北部切爾諾貝利核反應堆4號機組因未經授權的安全試驗而關閉。當核燃料棒撞擊冷卻水時，由于突然的功率激增，裂變反應加速失控。這導致反應堆過熱并產生壓力，直到其結構發生故障并爆炸，釋放出大量輻射。官員們花了一整天的時間才了解災難的規模，并下令疏散周邊地區。大約50000人不得不離開，不知道他們永遠不會回來。
unauthorized英 [?n???θ?ra?zd]? 美 [?n???θ?ra?zd] adj.未經許可(或批準)的
nuclear reactor核反應堆
safety test安全性檢驗
nuclear fuel核燃料
rods英 [r?dz]? 美 [rɑdz] n.桿;竿;棒;(責打人用的)棍棒;手槍rod的復數
cooling water冷卻水;?縮寫詞為CW．
fission reaction裂變反應
out of control失去控制;?失去控制;不受控制
surge英 [s??d?]? 美 [s??rd?] v.涌;洶涌;涌動;使強烈地感到;急劇上升;飛漲;激增n.(強烈感情的)突發;(數量的)急劇上升，激增;大量;一大批;奔涌向前;突然的向上運動
radiation英 [?re?di?e??n]? 美 [?re?di?e??n] n.輻射;放射線;輻射的熱(或能量等);放射療法復數： radiations
large amounts of大量的…
officials英 [??f???lz]? 美 [??f???lz] n.要員;官員;高級職員official的復數
officials要員;?官員;?高級職員;?official的復數
comprehend理解;?領悟;?懂
scale規模，范圍，程度;?等級;?級別;?等級體系;?攀登;?到達…頂點;?去鱗;?刮除牙石
disaster災難;?災禍;?災害;?不幸;?禍患;?徹底失敗的人
order順序;?次序;?條理;?治安;?秩序;?規矩;?命令;?指揮;?要求;?訂購;?訂貨;?要求提供服務;?點
evacuation疏散；撤離；后撤；抽空；排氣；排泄
surrounding周圍的;?附近的;?圍繞;?環繞;?包圍，圍住;?與…緊密相關;?surround的現在分詞;?環境;?周圍的事物
area地區，地域;?地方，場地，區;?區，部位
In the following months, massive efforts were made to decontaminate the area while increased radiation levels were detected across much of Europe. Fallout from the disaster continues to this day, decades later, and long-term effects such as cancers are still being investigated. Estimates of the number of deaths that will eventually result from the accident vary enormously.
ps:?在接下來的幾個月里，在歐洲大部分地區檢測到輻射水平上升的同時，為凈化該地區做出了巨大努力。幾十年后的今天，災難的影響仍在繼續，癌癥等長期影響仍在調查中。對事故最終導致的死亡人數的估計差別很大。
massive巨大的;?大而重的;?結實的;?非常嚴重的
efforts氣力;?努力;?費力的事;?艱難的嘗試;?試圖;?盡力;?有組織的活動;?effort的復數
decontaminate清除有害物質;?排除…的污染
increased增長，增多;?增加;?increase的過去分詞和過去式
radiation輻射;?放射線;?輻射的熱;?放射療法
levels數量，程度，濃度;?標準;?水平;?質量;?品級;?層次;?級別;?使平坦;?使平整;?摧毀，夷平;?使相等;?使平等;?使相似;?level的第三人稱單數和復數
detected發現;?查明;?偵察出;?detect的過去分詞和過去式
across從一邊到另一邊;?橫過;?寬;?從…的一邊向…;?在對面;?在對過;?從…一邊到另一邊;?在…對面;?在…對過;?在上
investigated偵查;?調查;?研究;?investigate的過去分詞和過去式
enormously非常;?極其
Fallout英 [?f??la?t]? 美 [?f??la?t] 輻射;異塵余生;火燒摩天樓;蕩漾余波;后果
The forest area near the reactor site is one of the most radioactive places on Earth. Named the Red Forest because its trees turned a reddish-brown color as they died, the forest is trying to make a recovery. Animals such as elk and eagles have been seen in the area. And birch trees grow where the radioactive trees of the forest were bulldozed and buried by the Soviet government.
ps:?反應堆附近的林區是地球上放射性最強的地方之一。命名為紅色森林是因為它的樹木在死亡時變成了紅棕色，森林正在努力恢復。在這一地區，人們看到了麋鹿和老鷹等動物。而白樺樹生長在被蘇聯政府鏟平掩埋的森林放射性樹木的地方。
radioactive放射性的;?有輻射的
such as例如;?像;?象…這樣;?諸如…之類
bulldozed推倒，鏟平;?強行通過;?強迫;?bulldoze的過去分詞和過去式
elk犭罕，駝鹿，麋鹿(生活于北歐和亞洲，北美洲稱moose);?厄爾克思慈善互助會會員
eagles雕;?鷹擊;?eagle的第三人稱單數和復數
birch樺樹;?白樺樹;?樺木;?用樺木條抽打
bulldozed推倒，鏟平;?強行通過;?強迫;?bulldoze的過去分詞和過去式 英 [?b?ld??zd]? 美 [?b?ldo?zd] v.(用推土機)推倒，鏟平;(使)強行通過;強迫(某人做某事)bulldoze的過去分詞和過去式
buried埋葬;?安葬;?喪失;?把掩藏在地下;?埋藏;?bury的過去分詞和過去式
Some people have returned as well, mostly former residents who returned illegally after the evacuation. The old company town of Pripyat, once home to 50,000 plant workers is still deserted, but is slowly being reclaimed by the forest. It seems that nature can recover and even thrive where humans cannot. Let's hope that humans can learn from this experience. Chernobyl, and more recently, Fukushima in Japan, have lessons to teach us.
ps:?一些人也已經返回，大部分是撤離后非法返回的前居民。曾經擁有5萬名工廠工人的普里皮亞特（Pripyat）這座老公司鎮仍然荒蕪，但正在被森林慢慢開墾。在人類無法恢復的地方，自然似乎可以復蘇，甚至繁榮昌盛。我們希望人類能從這次經歷中吸取教訓。切爾諾貝利核電站，以及最近日本的福島核電站，都給我們上了一課。
company town公司城鎮；企業生活區
more recently最近以來
Fukushima福島，神島，副島
plant植物;?發電廠;?工廠;?大型機器，設備;?栽種;?種植;?播種;?在栽種;?立穩;?豎立;?安放
workers工作者;?人員;?雇員;?勞工，工人;?干活…的人;?worker的復數
deserted無人居住的;?空寂無人的;?被拋棄的;?被遺棄的;?被舍棄的;?拋棄，離棄，遺棄;?舍棄，離棄;?擅離;?逃走;?開小差;?desert的過去分詞和過去式
slowly慢速地;?緩慢地;?遲緩地
being存在;?生存;?生物;?思想感情;?身心;?are的現在分詞;?be的現在分詞
reclaimed取回;?拿回;?要求歸還;?開墾，利用，改造;?重新變為沙漠;?沙化;?荒漠化;?拋荒;?reclaim的過去分詞和過去式
forest森林;?林區;?一叢，一片
thrive英 [θra?v]? 美 [θra?v] v.興旺發達;繁榮;蓬勃發展;旺盛;茁壯成長
Exercise:
1.What is the one lesson we should learn from?Chernobyl？
Never underestimate the danger of nuclear technologies.
2.Fallout from a nuclear explosion contains radioactive particles carried into the atmosphere。
ps:?放射性粒子?particles? n.顆粒;微粒;粒子;小品詞(與動詞構成短語動詞的副詞或介詞) particle的復數
3.Something is authorized if it is officially permitted.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
it's to educate.
5.A surge in power means to increase in strength.
6.To reclaim something means to take it back from where it was lost or stolen.
ps: reclaim英 [r??kle?m]? 美 [r??kle?m] v.取回;拿回;要求歸還;開墾，利用，改造(荒地);重新變為沙漠(或森林等);沙化;荒漠化;拋荒
7.From the article, it's clear that officials were unprepared for such an accident.
8.If something is contaminated, it can't be used because it contains harmful substances.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1.We should never underestimate the danger of nuclear technologies.
2.Let's hope that humans can learn from this experience.?
3.It seems that nature can recover and even thrive where humans cannot.?
4.Birch trees grow where the radioactive trees of the forest were bulldozed and buried by the Soviet government.
5.Estimates of the number of deaths that will eventually result from the accident vary enormously.
6.The forest area near the reactor site is one of the most radioactive places on Earth.
7.The reactor exploded because too much pressure built up inside.
8.When the nuclear fuel rods hit the cooling water, the fission reaction accelerated out of control due to a sudden power surge.?
