WORD
Information can be imparted clearly and without pomposity.
1.impart
vt.to give information, knowledge, wisdom etc to someone
She had information that she couldn’t wait to impart.have
2.pomposity
n.the quality of being pompous; ostentation; self-importance.
... or with inert constructions in which nobody can be visualized doing something: “pre-feasibility studies are in the paperwork stage.”
3.inert
adj.not willing to do anything:
Nobody has made the point better than George Orwell in his translation into modern bureaucratic fuzz of this famous verse from Ecclesiastes:
4.fuzz
n.?a?blur
she saw Jess surrounded by a fuzz of sunlight.她看見杰斯被模糊不清的日光環(huán)繞著。
Gone is any sense of what one person did (“I returned”) or what he realized (“saw”) about one of life’s central mysteries: the capriciousness of fate.
5.capriciousness
thequality of being changeable and variable
In the national clamor over why Johnny can’t write
6.clamor
n.a loud, sustained noise
Scholarship hath no fury like that of a language purist faced with sludge,
7.sludge
sludge is thick mud, sewage, or industrial waste.
Beware of all the slippery new fad words:
8.fad
Afashion that is taken up with great enthusiasm for a brief period of time;a craze.
We are suspicious of pretentiousness, of all the fad words that the social scientists have coined to avoid making themselves clear to ordinary mortals.
9.coin
vt. To devise (a new word or phrase).
和CH7出現(xiàn)的mint一個意思。
10.mortal
n. You can describe someone as amortal when you want to say that they are an ordinary person.
His message could have been tapped out by a computer.
11.tap
If you tap something, you hit it with a quick light blow or a series of quick light blows.
He is squandering a rich resource: himself.
12.squander
to spend or use wastefully or extravagantly
The second paragraph, in short, is warm and personal; the other is pedantic and vague.
13.pedantic
If you think someone ispedantic, you mean that they are too concerned with unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects.
【語用信息】：disapproval
His lecture was sopedanticand uninteresting.
他的講座學究氣太濃，沒意思。
Many of you would be totally dismayed if you could observe the manners of your children while they are eating.
14.dismay
to make afraid or discouraged at the prospect of trouble or danger; fill with apprehension or alarm; daunt
The thought that she was cryingdismayed him.
想到她正在流淚，他傷心不已。
I recited my four articles of faith: clarity, simplicity, brevity and humanity.
15.brevity
the quality of being concise; terseness
brevity指簡短，simplicity指簡單易懂。
I told them not to use the special vocabulary of education as a crutch
16.crutch
(腿或腳受傷的人用的)腋杖，拐杖 Acrutchis a stick whose top fits round or under the user's arm, which someone with an injured foot or leg uses to support their weight when walking.
Perhaps that’s why bureaucratic prose becomes so turgid, whatever the bureaucracy.
17.turgid
能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞（文章、電影等）晦澀難懂的，索然無味的 If you describe something such as a piece of writing or a film asturgid, you think it is boring and difficult to understand.
I distributed my copies and asked the principals to rewrite the more knotty sentences.
18.knotty
adj.hard to solve or explain; puzzling
There is a deep yearning for human contact and a resentment of bombast.
19.yearning
n. deep or anxious longing, desire, etc.
我覺得這里deep是多余的，因為yearning本身有deep的含義
There is a deep yearning for human contact and a resentment of bombast.
20.bombast
n. talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning; pompous language(disapproval)
Any organization that won’t take the trouble to be both clear and personal in its writing will lose friends, customers and money.
21.take the trouble to do sth
to make an effort to do something(that one might not otherwise do).
費心做某事，不辭辛勞做某事
I wish I had taken the trouble to study this matter more carefully. I just didn't have enough time to take the trouble.
That sentence is no favor to the customer; it’s congealed with Orwellian nouns like “capacity” and “capabilities” that convey no procedures that a customer can picture.
22.congeal
to thicken; coagulate; jell
They replied that this was easier said than done in hierarchical corporations, where approval of written reports is required at a succession of higher levels.
23.hierarchical
等級制度的;等級森嚴的 Ahierarchicalsystem or organization is one in which people have different ranks or positions, depending on how important they are.
If they and their institutions seem cold, it’s because they acquiesce in the process of being pumped up and dried out.
24.acquiesce
to agree or consent quietly without protest, but without enthusiasm: often within[toacquiescein a decision]
SYN.-consent
THOUGHT
Gone from the second one are the short words and vivid images of everyday life—the race and the battle, the bread and the riches—and in their place have waddled the long and flabby nouns of generalized meaning.如果是我會寫the short...are gone from the second one，學到了。以及破折號真的很好用啊。
官方文件總是用詞含糊，句子冗長，讓人完全看不下去。有很多文件都是故意寫成那樣的，存心讓人看不懂，故弄高深。沒有人情味，不用“我”或“我們”更是一種逃避的表現(xiàn)。文中的校長們意識到這個問題并去學習寫作，這個勇氣值得點贊。好的寫作應當秉持著clarity, simplicity, brevity and humanity的原則。
