I. Summary
Chapter 10 Bits&Pieces:
Verbs ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Adverbs & Adjectives
Most? adverbs/ adjectives are unnecessary ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Little qualifiers (修飾語)
Punctuation ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Mood Changers
Contractions ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??That& Which
Concept Nouns ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??Creeping Nounism
Overstatement ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Credibility
Dictation ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??Writing is not a contest
The subconscious mind ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?The quickest fix
Paragrahps ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Sexism
Rewriting ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Writing on a computer
?Trust your material ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Go with your interests?
Chapter ?11-14 (Forms)
Nonfictions as Literature
Writing About People (The Iterview)
Writing about Places (The Travel Articles)
Writing About Yourself (The Memoirs)
II.Reflection
本周閱讀內(nèi)容大體來看，框架還是清晰明了，在泛讀基礎(chǔ)上有所側(cè)重，把握好主次即可。Zinsser 列舉三種體裁形式以及應(yīng)該遵循的相關(guān)原則，這些都是非常貼切實(shí)用的。
人們常說：讀萬卷書，也要行萬里路。孔子周游列國，寫出自己的著作《論語》；徐霞客遍游祖國大好河山，在他的《徐霞客游記》記載了他所見的大千世界；即使被貶，柳宗元也能以一種小確幸的心情游玩《小石潭記》。而我，卻在瑣碎的生活中日漸忽視我的小確幸。去到一個地方玩，也是打卡式的游覽，而以前一起共事的學(xué)姐，真心是用心去感悟體會生活的。她特別愛探尋未知之地，會對很多事存好奇之心，去趟公園，她都能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多細(xì)碎而美好的瞬間并且認(rèn)真記錄下來。寫人和寫景有很多時候是融合的。看她的游記，能看到她的身影：熱愛生活，保持好奇之心。
III. Words & Expressions
##scrap
1.n.a small fragment of something broken off from the whole（紙、布）小片、碎屑
2.n.??a small piece of something that is left over after the rest has been used（食物） 殘羹剩飯、（消息）一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
eg. She jotted(摘記) it on ascrapof paper.? /? There was not ascrapleft.
3.v.dispose（處置） of (something useless or old)? ? ? Synonyms:junk,trash
##morsel?
n.? A?morsel?is a small amount of something, a tid-bit, a sliver, usually of something of high-quality and much desired — like amorselof dark chocolate or amorselof secret information.（尤指食物）一點(diǎn)
##admonition （warning）
1.n. a firm rebuke
2. n. cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)
##insipid
adj. Something?insipid?is lacking in flavor or interest. You'll probably find the generic poems inside of greeting card sinsipid.
1.without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating qualities; vapid枯燥無味/不吸引人的? ? （an insipid personality）
2.without sufficient taste to be pleasing, as food or drink; bland（ 飲食）淡而無味（a rather insipid soup）
##hedge
1. n. a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes(樹籬)
2. n. any technique designed to reduce or eliminate financial risk; for example, taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change（為規(guī)避啊風(fēng)險的防范措施）
3. v. avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)
eg. You're hedging again-have you got the money or haven't you?
4.v. minimize loss or risk
eg. It's good idea tohedge your betsby applying to more than one college.
##lurk
v.?to lie or wait in concealment,as a person in ambush;remain in or around a place secretly or furtively潛伏、埋伏
eg.?Your team’s strategy for winning capture the flag might be tolurkin the bushes for an hour until the opposing side thinks you gave up and went home.
##invidious
adj.?offensively or unfairly discriminating; injurious 令人不快的、惹人反感的
invidious remarks/comparisons/honor
eg.?Fred was angered by theinvidiousgossip about his divorce being spread by his ex-wife's allies.
##demean?
v. ?Todemeansomeone is to insult them. Todemeanis to degrade or put down a person or thing. 侮辱、降低身份
eg. I wouldn't demean myself be begging him ?for a job.
##nudge ? v.
1. to push against gently 輕推 某人來引起注意
eg.?She?nudged?my elbow when she saw her friend enter the restaurant.
2. to move sth./ sb. a short distance by gentle pushing
eg. She nudged the glass towards me./ Molly nudged me out of the way.
3. to move forward slowly by pushing gently ?(nudge your way to/through)
eg. I started to?nudge my way tothe front of the crowd.
4. ?to gently persuade or encourage sb. to take a particular decision or action鼓勵、勸說
eg. We're trying to?nudge them towards?a practical solutions.
##snobbery
n.the trait of condescending to those of lower social status (勢利行為、自命不凡)
If your friend doesn't want to associate with people who have less money than she does, it's proof of hersnobbery.
intellectural snobbery
eg. Rick Santorum accused the president of “snobbery” after Obama touted the importance of college.
##embark
v. set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)
When youembarkon something, you are starting it — and it's exciting. You mightembarkon a new career orembarkon a trip to the Galapagos Islands. You wouldn'tembarkon a trip to the grocery store.
eg. NowthattheConfucianinspired mourning period is over,the son is free toembarkon his own programs and policies.
##juggle v.
##rein n./v. ? (reinforce v. 加強(qiáng))
n.one of a pair of long straps (usually connected to the bit or the headpiece) used to control a horse韁繩（plura.）類似bridle
n.any means of control
【Phrases】
1.give (full/free) rein to sth.放任（情感）、對（思想）不加束縛
eg. He gave free rein to his imagination.
2.?give sb. a free rein ?（工作上）給予sb.絕對自由
3. keep a tight rein on sth.
eg. The finance director kept a tight rein on spending.
4. take/hand over the reins 掌權(quán)
eg. Oliver will officially take over the reins in a few days.
v.?stop or slow up one's horse or oneself by or as if by pulling the reins用韁繩勒馬（使其慢行）
v.?control and direct with or as if by reins開始對...嚴(yán)加控制
eg. The government is reining in public expenditure.
##syrupy
1. adj.overly sweet 糖膠狀的
2. adj.too nice or kind in a way that seems insincere- use in order to show disapproval 太甜蜜/過于多情的
eg. His speech is full of syrupy words.
##platitude?
n.(formal)含貶義 ?老生常談、陳詞濫調(diào)
If an executive gives a speech that begins, "This business is all about survival of the fittest. You need to burn the midnight oil and take one for the team," his employees might get sick of listening to these meaningless clichés and tell him to cut the?platitudes.
eg. His excuse is the paltitude,'' Boys will be boys''.
##quaint
adj.?attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic) 奇特的、別致的、（尤指）古色古香的
Quaint?means strange and unusual in an old-fashioned and charming way. It's a word you'd use to describe a little store that sells tea cozies and antique tea services, or your grandmother's habit of calling the radio the "wireless."
eg. There was a quaint little village in Yorkshire.
##distill
1. v. When youdistillsomething, you are boiling it down to its essence — its most important part. Whether it's alcohol or ideas, the distilled part is the most powerful.
蒸餾 distilled water
2. (從植物中)提煉榨取
3.（從大量信息中）提煉 distill sth. into sth.
eg. The notes I have brought back were waiting to be distilled into a book.
##wax
n.?any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water ?蠟、耳垢
v.?cover with wax 給...打蠟
v. 傷感/滔滔不絕/熱情的說（幽默說法） wax sentimental/eloquant/lyrical about...
eg.The journalists wax lyrical about the band.
v. （月亮）漸圓
v. wax and wane 興衰榮辱
eg. Interest in the show has waxed and waned.
##pester
v.?annoy persistently
Topestersomeone is to annoyingly?nag?them about something.Pesteringis repetitive and bothersome.
eg. He pestered his mother to buy him a new trainers.
##meager
adj.?deficient in amount or quality or extent (食物、錢)不足的、微薄的
meager income/earnings/wages
Meagermeans small and often applies to portions. Your mother may only allow you ameagerserving of chocolate cake, and you may need to eat ameagerserving of veggies in order to deserve that dessert.
eg. ? They came from a school meager resources.
##prattle
v.?speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly 喋喋不休、閑扯、嘮叨
If your little sister won't stop talking about her latest crush and you don't want to hear it, you might say, "Stop prattling on about that loser!" Toprattleis go on and on about something unimportant.
eg. What's Sarah prattling on about?
