If tourist dollars push up the cost of living,locals may be priced out.Analysts at Islandsbanki,a bank,estimate that 1,225 properties in Reykjavik,Iceland’s capital,were listed on Airbnb in the peak season of 2017—more than the number of new homes that were built that year. The local population in Venice has roughly halved over the past 30 years. So,over the past two decades,has that of Dubrovnik in Croatia,an old walled city best known as King’s Landing in“Game of Thrones”. Academics now worry that services for ordinary residents,such as cheap cafés and doctors’s urgeries, will?collapse?if populations continue to fall.
priced out 被排擠出；價格太高而
Many households are priced out of more vibrant places.
很多家庭被高房價擋在充滿活力的地區之外。
price yourself out of the market?
■If a company prices itself out of the market,it charges so much for a product or service that no one wants to buy it.（公司）漫天要價致使自己失去市場
collapse [k?'l?ps]verb?
■(of people and business)to suddenly be unable to continue or work correctly（人或企業）崩潰，垮掉，失敗
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Local authorities arecobblingtogether strategies to cope. An extreme reaction is to ban tourists entirely(as Mr Duterte did in Boracay)or to cap visitor numbers(as Easter Island has done). Many ports,including Venice,limit the number of cruise ships,and there are calls for cities to limit parking spaces for touristcoaches. Both ships and coaches bringtight-fistedvisitors. A study in the British city of Cambridge found that the average coachday-tripperspends just ￡3.
cobble UK['k?b.l]US['kɑ:.bl]verb?
cobble sth together?
■to do or make something quickly and not very carefully粗制濫造；東拼西湊；匆匆拼湊
?I just had tocobblethis meal together from what I had in the fridge.我只需用冰箱里現成的東西湊合這頓飯。
coach
■a long motor vehicle with comfortable seats,used to take groups of people on journeys長途汽車；長途客車
tight-fisted [?ta?t'f?s.t?d](alsotight)informaldisapproving?
■unwilling to spend money用錢不大方的，吝嗇的
day-tripper ■n.當天結束旅程的旅客
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A moresubtleapproach is to fiddle withtaxes and charges,so that they better reflect the costs tourists impose. Tourists staying in hotels in central Amsterdam pay a higher tax rate than those staying farther away. In Edinburgh councillors are reportedly considering a tourist tax,revenues from which would be spent on rubbish collection or improving infrastructure.
subtle UK['s?t.l]US['s?t?-]approving?
■not loud,bright,noticeable or obvious in any way隱約的；暗淡的；不易察覺的，不明顯的；微妙的
?The play's message is perhaps toosubtleto be understood by young children.這部戲的內涵過于隱晦，小孩子可能難以理解。
■achieved in a quiet way which does not attract attention to itself and which is therefore good or clever微妙的，精妙的；巧妙的
?asubtleplan/suggestion巧妙的計劃／建議
fiddle ['f?d.l]verb?
■to act dishonestly in order to get something for yourself,or to change something dishonestly,especially to your advantage（尤指為個人利益而）用詭計獲得，篡改，偽造?
fiddle (about/around) with sth?
■to make small changes to something to try to make it work撥弄；擺弄
fiddle while Rome burns?
■to enjoy yourself or continue working as normal and not give any attention to something important and unpleasant that is happening that you should be taking action to prevent不管不問；漠不關心（對應當采取行動阻止的重要或不愉快事情不予關心，繼續如常玩樂工作）
?Environmentalists claimed governments werefiddlingwhile Rome burned.環保主義者稱政府大事不管管小事。
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Thordis Gylfadottir,Iceland’s tourist minister,says another part of the answer is to spread visits out. In 2010 half of the country’s tourists arrived during the summer. Thanks to marketing campaigns and better infrastructure for travel during winter months,now only a third do. Ms Gylfadottir hopes that new direct flights from Britain to northern Iceland will provide additional relief to Reykjavik and allow undiscovered sites to scoop upwelcome tourist revenues.
scoop [sku:p]
■to get a large number of votes or prizes大量獲得（選票或獎項）
?The socialist party is expected toscoopupthe majority of the working-class vote.人們預料社會黨將贏得勞工階級的大多數選票。
scoop sth/sb up?
■to lift something or someone with your hands or arms in a quick movement（迅速）撿起，拾起，抱起
?Shescoopedthe children up and ran with them to safety.她一把抱起孩子們，帶著他們奔向安全地帶。
?Iscoopedup my belongings into my handbag.我匆忙把自己的東西塞進包里。
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Many cities are alsotacklingbad behaviour. Paola Mar,Venice’s tourism chief,thinks a change in the type of tourists has led to more problems. In the 1970s and 1980s most were from western Europe,America or Japan. They came to eat in traditional restaurants and visit art museums. Today tourists are often day-trippers from Italy’s resorts,or are on their first trip abroad from Asia. They crowd the pavements with packed lunches rather than spend money in shops and restaurants. Locals call them“munchandflee”visitors.
tackle ['t?k.l]verb?
■to try to deal with something or someone對付，處理；與…交涉
?There are many ways oftacklingthis problem.處理這個問題有許多辦法。
munch [m?nt?]verbintransitive or transitive?
■to eat something,especially noisily大聲咀嚼
?We watched hermunchher way through two packets of peanuts.我們看著她津津有味地嚼完了兩包花生。
■food 食物，吃的東西
flee [fli:](fleeing,fled,fled)
■to escape by running away,especially because of danger or fear（尤指因危險或恐懼而）逃跑
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The maturing taste of Chinese tourists mayreassureVenetian locals. A recent survey by McKinsey finds that they increasingly dislikecoach tours,group visits and seeing the main landmarks. First-time tourists travel in tour groups,but more experienced ones prefer independent travel. Nearly three-quarters of the Chinese tourists polled by Oliver Wyman,another consultancy,said they had mostly planned their trips by themselves in 2016,up from 49% the year before.
reassure UK[?ri:.?'??:r]US[-'??r]verbtransitive?
■to comfort someone and stop them from worrying使安心；使打消疑慮；安慰
?[+toinfinitive]I was nervous on my first day at college,but I wasreassuredtosee some friendly faces.踏進大學的第一天我很緊張，但是當我看到那么多友善的臉孔，心里感到踏實多了。
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Venice iscurrently designing a plan to encourage tourists to stay longerby nudgingthem to visit more than just the main sights. Another option would be to improve its infrastructure.A study by the University of Venice in 1988 found the city could hold at most 20,750 visitors a day. That is around a quarter of traffic today.The increased demand has not been met by building better public transport.
nudge /n?d?/
to gently persuade or encourage someone to take a particular decision or action←勸說；鼓勵：
nudge somebody into/towards something
?We’re trying to nudge them towards a practical solution.→我們正在努力促使他們找出一種切實可行的解決方法。
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Traditionalists may object to any new infrastructure in beautiful old cities. But Venice has already built a motorway and a railway station over the past two centuries.More links could benefit residents and touristsalike. One Chinese touristjostlingto see the Rialto Bridge told your correspondent he thought this was a good idea.“I might be able to see more of the history that way,”he explained.
alike[?'la?k]adjective[after verb]?
?IMPROVER??
■similar;like each other相似的，類似的；相像的
■used after referring to two groups of people or things to show that both groups are included兩者都；同樣地，同等地
?Good management benefits employers and employees alike.? 良好的管理對雇主和雇員同樣有利。
jostle UK['d??s.l]US['d?ɑ:.sl]verbintransitive or transitive?
■to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people擠；推；撞
?As we came into the arena,we werejostledby fans pushing their way towards the stage.我們進入場內時，被涌向舞臺的歌迷左推右撞
jostle for sth?
■If people jostle for something,they compete with each other in order to get what they want為…競爭，爭奪
As boatsjostle forspace on the lake,fishermen are getting desperately worried about their livelihoods.?
由于船要爭奪湖上的位置，一些漁民極其擔心他們的生計問題。
