BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy)低功耗藍牙興起的原因
BLE藍牙的興起主要是因為可穿戴設備的流行,由于傳統藍牙不能滿足可穿戴設備的續航要求,因此大部分可穿戴設備采用藍牙4.0技術,即BLE藍牙技術。
BLE的特點
快速搜索、快速連接、超低功耗連接和數據傳輸,但是數據傳輸速率低。
在Android開發中,BLE藍牙一包數據最多20個字節,因此在Android系統下最好不要使用BLE藍牙傳輸大量的數據
BLE藍牙開發流程
1、申請藍牙權限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
注意:在Android6.0以上需要打開位置,不然搜索不到藍牙設備
2、獲取藍牙適配器,判斷本地藍牙是否可用,打開藍牙
/*獲取藍牙適配器*/
mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) context.getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter =mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
/*** 判斷藍牙是否可用*/
public boolean isBlueAdapterEnable() {
return mBluetoothAdapter !=null &&mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled();
}
如果本地藍牙未打開,調用已下代碼打開本地藍牙
/*?打開藍牙適配器*/
Intent intent =new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
context.startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
3、建立BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCall類的對象
BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback scanCallback =new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
@Override
? ? public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
? ? ? ? //TODO處理搜索到的藍牙設備邏輯
????}
};
4、搜索藍牙設備
mBluetoothAdapter .startLeScan(scanCallback);
5、停止搜索藍牙設備
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(scanCallback);
6、建立BluetoothGattCallBack類對象
private BluetoothGattCallbackgattCallback =new BluetoothGattCallback() {
????????/* 斷開或連接 狀態發生變化時調用* */
? ? ? ? ????@Override
? ? ? ? ????public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
????????????????super.onConnectionStateChange(gatt, status, newState);
? ? ? ? ? ? ????//連接成功
? ? ? ? ? ? ????if (newState == BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED) {
????????????????????Log.i(TAG, "連接成功");
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????gatt.discoverServices();
? ? ? ? ? ? ????}else {
???????????????????Log.i(TAG, "連接失敗");
?????????????????connected=false;
? ? ? ? ? ? }
????}
????????/* 發現設備(真正建立連接)*/
? ? ? ? @Override
? ? ? ? public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
????????????super.onServicesDiscovered(gatt, status);
? ? ? ? ? ? //直到這里才是真正建立了可通信的連接
????????????connected=ture;?
? ? ? ? ? ? //獲取初始化服務和特征值
? ? ? ? ? ? mBluetoothGatt = gatt;
? ? ? ? ? ? initServiceAndChara(mBluetoothGatt);
? ? ? ? ? ? //訂閱通知
? ? ? ? ? ? mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(mBluetoothGatt.getService(NotifyUUID).getCharacteristic(NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR), true);
? ? ? ? }
????/* 讀操作的回調*/
? ? ? ? @Override
? ? ? ? public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
????????????super.onCharacteristicRead(gatt, characteristic, status);
? ? ? ? ? ? Log.e(TAG, "onCharacteristicRead()");
? ? ? ? }
????/* 寫操作的回調*/
? ? ? ? @Override
? ? ? ? public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
????????????super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status);
? ? ? ? ? ? Log.e(TAG, "onCharacteristicWrite()? status=" + status +",value=" + HexUtil.encodeHexStr(characteristic.getValue()));
? ? ? ? }
????/ * 接收到硬件返回的數據 */
? ? ? ? @Override
? ? ? ? public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
????????????super.onCharacteristicChanged(gatt, characteristic);
? ? ? ? ? ? Log.e(TAG,"onCharacteristicChanged()"+characteristic.getValue());
????}
};
/*初始化mBlueGatt的服務和特征*/
private void initServiceAndChara(BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt) {
????List bluetoothGattServices = mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
? ? for (BluetoothGattService bluetoothGattService : bluetoothGattServices) {
????????List characteristics = bluetoothGattService.getCharacteristics();
? ? ? ? for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristics) {
????????????int charaProp = characteristic.getProperties();
? ? ? ? ? ? if ((charaProp & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) >0) {
????????????????NotifyUUID = bluetoothGattService.getUuid();
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR = characteristic.getUuid();
? ? ? ? ? ? }
????????????if ((charaProp & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE) >0) {
????????????????bleWriteGattCharacteristic = characteristic;
? ? ? ? ? ? }
????????????if ((charaProp & BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ)>0){
????????????????bleReadGattCharacteristic=characteristic;
? ? ? ? ? ? }
????????????Log.i("NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR", "NotifyUUID:" +NotifyUUID +",NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR" +NOTIFY_DESCRIPTOR);
? ? ? ? }
????}
}
7、讀取藍牙數據
public void readBleDeviceData(){
if (connected &&mBluetoothGatt!=null){
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(bleReadGattCharacteristic);
? ? }
}
8、向藍牙設備發送數據
bleWriteGattCharacteristic.setValue(byte[] bytes);
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bleWriteGattCharacteristic);
9、斷開藍牙設備連接
mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();?