Unit 23 What would you like to do?

第23課 您愿意干什么？

本課重點： 怎樣表示要干什么事、能干什么事和必須干什么事。

A. Texts & Notes

1. What would you like to do?

周末，在起居室里，弗朗西斯正在和瑪麗下棋。
Francis: Your move?
Mary: I don't want to play chess.
Bill: What would you like to do?
Mary: I don't know. What would you like to do?
Jane: I'd like to go out. Let's go out.
Mary: Where shall we go? What shell we do?
Francis: I want to play shess.
Bill: There are some concerts. Or shall we go to the museum? That's open. Would you like to go there?
Jane: Yes, I'd like to go there.
Mary: Francis, what do you want to do?
Francis: I want to play chess. I'm staying here.
Mary: And we're going to the museum.

弗朗西斯：該你走啦！
瑪麗：我不想下棋啦。
比爾：你想干什么呢？
瑪麗：我不知道。你想做什么？
珍妮：我想出去。咱們出去吧。
瑪麗：咱們去哪兒？咱們干什么呢？
弗朗西斯：我要下棋。
比爾：有音樂會。要不，我們去博物館好不好？博物館今天開放，你們愿意去哪兒嗎？
珍妮：行，我愿意上那兒去。
瑪麗：弗朗西斯，你想干什么？
弗朗西斯：我要下棋。我就呆在這兒。
瑪麗：那我們去博物館啦。

注1。I want to play chess. 這一句中的 to play chess 是動詞不定式短語。動詞不定式由記號 to 和動詞原型構成，它具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也保留有動詞的特征。to play 在這里是動詞不定式，它保留動詞的特征，因而有賓語 chess，但在句子中是謂語動詞 want 的賓語，因而有名詞的特征。
注2, want 和 would like 表示主觀意愿，表明要什么（見第十九課注4、6），在 want 和 would like 后跟動詞不定式，可以表示要做什么事、想做什么事。如：
I want to go to Rome on Wednesday.（我周三要去羅馬。）
I would like to chess. （我想下棋。）
注3. I （或 we）可用 would like … 也可用 should like … 表示意愿，但 would like 可適用各人稱，口語中簡化為 I'd like…。
其否定式為：would not like 或 wouldn't like，如：He wouldn't like to go out.
其疑問式為：Would you like to … ? 如：What would you like to do? Would you like to play chess?
注3. want to something 的否定式為：
I ( You / we / They ) don't want to go.
He ( she / It ) doesn't want to go.
疑問式為：
Do you ( we / they ) want to play chess?
What do you want to play?
Does he ( she / it ) want to go?
Where dose hr want to go?

2. I can park here easily.

珍妮、比爾、瑪麗三人乘小汽車來到了博物館前。
Jane: You can't park here, Bill.
Bill: Why not?
Jane: You can't do it. Your car's too big.
Bill: I can park here easily. It's not difficult.
Mary: It isn't easy. I'll help. Can you see that way?
Bill: I can't see very well. But I'll be all right.
Jane: What happened?
Mary: It don't matter. The car's all right. You can go that way. You can go about one and a half meters. Be careful. Stop!
Bill: Look at that! You didn't stop me.
Jane: You didn't listen her.
Bill: Well, Jane, Would you like to park the car?
Jane: No, I can't drive.
Bill: You want to go to museum. Please, don't wait for me. I'll park the car. It's easy. I can park here easily. It isn't difficult.

珍妮：你不能在這兒停車，比爾。
比爾：怎么不能？
珍妮：你停不了。你的車太大了。
比爾：我不費勁就能停在這兒。這不難。
瑪麗：這可不容易。我來幫你。你能看見哪邊嗎？
比爾：看不清楚。不過我能行。
珍妮：怎么了？
瑪麗：沒關系。車沒事兒。你可以往那邊開。你可以開大約一米半。小心！停！
比爾：看那！你沒有喊我停。
珍妮：你沒她的嘛。
比爾：好吧，珍妮，你來停這輛車好嗎？
珍妮：不，我不會開車。
比爾：你們要去博物館。請不要等我了。我來把車停好。這容易，我不費勁就能把車停在這兒。這不難。

注5. can 和 can't 用來表示能不能做某事，可以不可以做某事。如：
Can I buy a ticket here? （我能在這兒買張票嗎？）
You can wash these trousers in warm water. （你可以用熱水洗褲子。）
注6. 表示做某事容易或困難，可以 it 代表某事，說： It's easy. It isn't difficult. 或： It's difficult. It isn't easy.
如要說明做什么事容易（或困難），可以說：It's easy ( difficult ) to …。例如：It isn't easy to park here. （在這里停車不容易。）It's difficult to park here.
這種句子中的 it 是引詞，作為句中的形式主語，而在后面的動詞不定式 to park here 是真實的主語。
注7. easily 是由 easy 變來的副詞，英語形容詞加詞尾 -ly 成為副詞，副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句。如：I can park here easily. （我可以很容易地把車停在這里。）
注8. Why not? 在口語中常用。如：
— You can't smoke here.
— Why not? ( = Why can't I smoke here. )
注9. wait for 是一個短語動詞，意為等候。

3. You have to go in there.

在博物館展覽廳入口處，……
Jane: What's the matter?
Mary: I thik he wants to look in your bag.
Jane: Yes, I think so.
Attendant: Excuse me, miss.
Jane: Do you want to look in my bag?
Attendant: No, I don't. But you can't take bags inside the museum. You have to leave them here.
Jane: Can I leave my bag with you?
Attendant：No. Please take it over there, to the cloakroom.
Jane: (to Mary) I'll be back in a moment.
Mary: How much dose it cost to go in?
Attendant: It's free.
Mary: Oh, good. Can I take photograghs?
Attendant: Yes, certainly. Excuse me, miss. You can't go in here. You have to go in there.

珍妮：怎么了？
瑪麗：我看他是想檢查你的手提包。
珍妮：是的，我看也是。
服務員：勞駕，小姐。
珍妮：你要檢查我的手提包嗎？
服務員：不，我不檢查。不過您不能把包帶進博物館內。您得把包留在這里。
珍妮：我把包交給您行嗎？
服務員：不行。請拿到那邊去，合到衣帽間去。
珍妮：（對瑪麗）我馬上就回來。
瑪麗：進去要多少錢？
服務員：這里是免費的。
瑪麗：啊，好。我可以照相嗎？
服務員：當然可以。對不起，小姐。您不能從這兒進入。從那邊進去。

注10. look in 是動詞短語，意思是檢查。
注11. But you can't take bags inside the museum. 這句用了復數 bags，前面不加定冠詞 the，意思是不許帶包（這類東西）東西入內。
注12. have to 加原型動詞，用來表示必須做某事，不得不做某事。它含有因客觀情況所限而必須的意思。
You have to wait for the green light to go.（你必須等綠燈亮后再走。）
Your camera never works. You have to turn it this way.（你的照相機從來不靈。你必須朝這個方向擰。）
It' free on Sunday. But you have to pay on Saturday.（星期日是免費的。可是星期六你必須付錢。）
have to 的一般現在時變化如下：
肯定句：
I ( you / we / they ) have to …
He（ she / it ) has to…
否定句：
I ( you / we / they ) don't have to …
He ( she / it ) dosen't have to…
疑問句：
Do I ( you / we / they ) have to …
Dose He（ she / it ) have to…
注13. 這一課中學的 would like 中的 would，can 以及 have to，都是英語的情態動詞。情態動詞本身有詞義，表示說話人的語氣和情態。但詞義不完全。要與動詞原形一起構成謂語動詞。
注14. How much dose it cost to go in? 句中的 it 是引詞（見本課注6），回答應是：It costt 50p ( to go in ).

B. Exercise

1. 電視節目和錄音帶中，一位旅客正在買飛機票，請您杷他們的對話補充完整。
   Clerk: Can I help you?
   Customer: I want .
   Clerk: Where in Italy, sir?
   Customer: I want Rome.
   Clerk And when ?
   Customer: Next week, Wednesday.
   Clerk: Sorry, sir, you can't fly to Rome . All the flights are full. You .
   Customer: Can I go by tain? I want to get to Rome on Wednesday.
   Clerk: Yes, sir. And you can buy your ticket here. but you .
2. 按照例子回答問題：
   問：What would you like to do this evening? ( wacth TV / go out )
   答：I'd like to watch television, But I have to go out.
   (1) What would you like to do tomorrow? ( work in the garden / go to the office )
   (2) Where would you like to go tonight? ( go to the cinema / stay at home )
   (3) What would you like to do exit weekend? ( go to the museum / stay in the office )
   (4) Where would you like to go on Sunday? ( have a meal at Franco's / stay at home )
3. 朗讀并練習以下對話：
   A: I want to play chess.
   B: I don't want to play chess.
   A: What do you want to do?
   B: I want to go out.
   === === ===
   A: I'd like to go to the museum. Would you like to go?
   B: No, I wouldn't. I'd like to stay at home and watch television.

4. 先看一下標志上的字，然后進行對話：

   (1) A: Can I turn right? B: No. you can't. You have to turn left.
   (2) A: Can I park here? B: No, you can't. You have to par there.
   (3) A: Can I take photograghs? B: No, you can't. You have to leave your cameras here.
   (4) A: Can I go in here? B: No, you can't. You have to go in there.
   (5) A: Can I leave my bag here? B: No, you can't. You have to take it to the cloakroom.

5. 假設你和一個朋友討論這個星期六去做什么，意見不一致，可以這樣開始談話：
   A: What shall we do on Saturday evening? Where shall we go?
   B: Let's go and have a meal.
   A: I'm sorry. I wouldn't like to. I'd like to go to the cinema.
   請你們接著討論下去。

C. Summary

1. 說法與用法

(1) 表示是否愿意做某事：
What do you want to do?
I (don't) want play chess.
較客氣時：
What would you like to do?
I'd like to go ut.
(2) 表示能否做某事：
You can't take bags inside the museum.
I can park here easily.
(3) 表示必須做某事：
You have to leave them here.
(4) 表示此事容易或困難：
It's easy.
It' difficult.

2. 語法

(1) 動詞不定式：由不定式記號 to 加動詞原形構成，具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也保留動詞的特征。
(2) 情態動詞 would, can, have to.
A: What shall we do on Saturday evening? Where shall we go?
B: Let's go and have a meal.
A: I'm sorry. I wouldn't like to. I'd like to go to the cinema.

Would you like to go there?
I'd like to go there.
What do you want to do?
It's easy.
I can park here easily.
It isn't difficult.
You can't go in here.
You have to go in there.

D. Words & Expressions

附：Follow me （歐洲版教材）

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