Android 陳芝麻爛谷子，屁事兒真多，提高版本，就會增加額外的權限；原有的項目，莫名其妙的就運行時發生崩潰；
從發展的角度，Android的確越來越完善，但是這期間，新老版本的升級和過渡，對開發者確實不是很好友的，尤其是對于新手，需要考慮的事情太多，對老版本項目的理解，更是困難；
Android 11
如果需要支持Android 11（targetSDKVersion 30），那么就需要在AndroidManifest.xml中下列權限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
android:maxSdkVersion="28" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
對于Android 10，還有設置
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
下面的方法是檢查權限是否已授權或拒絕
private boolean checkPermission() {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
return Environment.isExternalStorageManager();
} else {
int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
int result1 = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
return result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && result1 == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
}
下面的方法可以用于在Android 11及較低版本申請權限：
private void requestPermission() {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
try {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
intent.setData(Uri.parse(String.format("package:%s",getApplicationContext().getPackageName())));
startActivityForResult(intent, 2296);
} catch (Exception e) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
startActivityForResult(intent, 2296);
}
} else {
//below android 11
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this, new String[]{WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
}
}
Android 11及更高版本，處理權限回調
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == 2296) {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
// perform action when allow permission success
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Allow permission for storage access!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}
Android 11以下版本，處理權限回調
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE:
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
boolean READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
boolean WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
if (READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE && WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) {
// perform action when allow permission success
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Allow permission for storage access!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
break;
}
}
注意：MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE是特殊權限，只有少數應用才被允許，比如反病毒、文件管理等。在上架應用市場時，可能需要說明原因。
