但凡用過若干安卓第三方庫的人,都應該對Builder DP(Design Pattern)也就是建造者模式不會感到陌生,例如Okhttp。
在我看來,建造者模式就是使用鏈式賦值,比一個個參數地set省力得多。
代碼:
現在我們需要建造一個英雄(Hero),有職業(Profession)、名字(Name)、發型(HairType)、發色(HairColor)、護甲(Armor)、武器(Weapon)等屬性。
假如不用建造者模式的話,我們怎么創建一個英雄實例呢?自然只能一個參數一個參數地使用set方法。
使用builder,單行即可:
/**
*
* Hero, the class with many parameters.
*
*/
public final class Hero {
private final Profession profession;
private final String name;
private final HairType hairType;
private final HairColor hairColor;
private final Armor armor;
private final Weapon weapon;
private Hero(Builder builder) {
this.profession = builder.profession;
this.name = builder.name;
this.hairColor = builder.hairColor;
this.hairType = builder.hairType;
this.weapon = builder.weapon;
this.armor = builder.armor;
}
public Profession getProfession() {
return profession;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public HairType getHairType() {
return hairType;
}
public HairColor getHairColor() {
return hairColor;
}
public Armor getArmor() {
return armor;
}
public Weapon getWeapon() {
return weapon;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("This is a ")
.append(profession)
.append(" named ")
.append(name);
if (hairColor != null || hairType != null) {
sb.append(" with ");
if (hairColor != null) {
sb.append(hairColor).append(' ');
}
if (hairType != null) {
sb.append(hairType).append(' ');
}
sb.append(hairType != HairType.BALD ? "hair" : "head");
}
if (armor != null) {
sb.append(" wearing ").append(armor);
}
if (weapon != null) {
sb.append(" and wielding a ").append(weapon);
}
sb.append('.');
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* The builder class.
*
*/
public static class Builder {
private final Profession profession;
private final String name;
private HairType hairType;
private HairColor hairColor;
private Armor armor;
private Weapon weapon;
/**
* Constructor
*/
public Builder(Profession profession, String name) {
if (profession == null || name == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("profession and name can not be null");
}
this.profession = profession;
this.name = name;
}
public Builder withHairType(HairType hairType) {
this.hairType = hairType;
return this;
}
public Builder withHairColor(HairColor hairColor) {
this.hairColor = hairColor;
return this;
}
public Builder withArmor(Armor armor) {
this.armor = armor;
return this;
}
public Builder withWeapon(Weapon weapon) {
this.weapon = weapon;
return this;
}
public Hero build() {
return new Hero(this);
}
}
}
可以看到,set方法都不見了,取而代之的是一個builder類。一般而言,builder類就像是建造者模式的一個標志,假如不是用建造者模式,還是別取這個名字,以免誤導。反而言之,建造者模式使用builder作為建造類就是理所當然的事情了,約定俗成。