? ? ? ? ? ?Linux系統的ping命令是常用的網絡命令,它通常用來測試與目標主機的連通性,我們經常會說“ping一下某機器,看是不是開著”、不能打開網頁時會說“你先ping網關地址192.168.1.1試試”。它通過發送ICMP?ECHO_REQUEST數據包到網絡主機 (send?ICMP?ECHO_REQUEST?to?network?hosts),并顯示響應情況,這樣我們就可以根據它輸出的信息來確定目標主機是否可訪問(但這不是絕對的)。有些服務器為了防止通過ping探測到,通過防火墻設置了禁止ping或者在內核參數中禁止ping,這樣就不能通過ping確定該主機是否還處于開啟狀態。
linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區別,linux下ping不會自動終止,需要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數-c指定要求完成的回應次數。
1.命令格式:
ping?[參數]?[主機名或IP地址]
2.命令功能:
ping命令用于:確定網絡和各外部主機的狀態;跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題;測試、評估和管理網絡。如果主機正在運行并連在網上,它就對回送信號進行響應。每個回送信號請求包含一個網際協議(IP)和?ICMP?頭,后面緊跟一個?tim?結構,以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節。缺省情況是連續發送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號(Ctrl-C)。
ping?命令每秒發送一個數據報并且為每個接收到的響應打印一行輸出。ping?命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失情況的統計信息,并且在完成之后顯示一個簡要總結。ping?命令在程序超時或當接收到?SIGINT?信號時結束。Host?參數或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網地址。
3.命令參數:
-d?使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。
-f??極限檢測。大量且快速地送網絡封包給一臺機器,看它的回應。
-n?只輸出數值。
-q?不顯示任何傳送封包的信息,只顯示最后的結果。
-r?忽略普通的Routing?Table,直接將數據包送到遠端主機上。通常是查看本機的網絡接口是否有問題。
-R?記錄路由過程。
-v?詳細顯示指令的執行過程。
<p>-c?數目:在發送指定數目的包后停止。
-i?秒數:設定間隔幾秒送一個網絡封包給一臺機器,預設值是一秒送一次。
-I?網絡界面:使用指定的網絡界面送出數據包。
-l?前置載入:設置在送出要求信息之前,先行發出的數據包。
-p?范本樣式:設置填滿數據包的范本樣式。
-s?字節數:指定發送的數據字節數,預設值是56,加上8字節的ICMP頭,一共是64ICMP數據字節。
-t?存活數值:設置存活數值TTL的大小。
4.使用實例:
實例1:ping的通的情況
命令:
ping?192.168.120.205
輸出:
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205
PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms
--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
實例2:ping不通的情況
命令:
ping?192.168.120.202
輸出:
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202
PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable
--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms
, pipe 4
[root@localhost ~]#
實例3:ping網關
命令:
ping?-b?192.168.120.1
輸出:
[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination? ? Gateway? ? ? ? Genmask? ? ? ? Flags Metric Ref? ? Use Iface
192.168.120.0? *? ? ? ? ? ? ? 255.255.255.0? U? ? 0? ? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 eth0
192.168.0.0? ? 192.168.120.1? 255.255.0.0? ? UG? ? 0? ? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 eth0
10.0.0.0? ? ? ? 192.168.120.1? 255.0.0.0? ? ? UG? ? 0? ? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 eth0
default? ? ? ? 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0? ? ? ? UG? ? 0? ? ? 0? ? ? ? 0 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1
PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms
--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms
實例4:ping指定次數
命令:
ping?-c?10?192.168.120.206
輸出:
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms
--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
實例5:時間間隔和次數限制的ping
命令:
ping?-c?10?-i?0.5?192.168.120.206
輸出:
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms
--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
實例6:通過域名ping公網上的站點
命令:
ping?-c?5?www.58.com
輸出:
peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.com
PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.
bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms
bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms
bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms
bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms
bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms
--- www.58.com ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms
peida-VirtualBox ~ #
實例7:多參數使用
命令:
ping?-i?3?-s?1024?-t?255?192.168.120.206
輸出:
[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms
--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
說明:
-i?3?發送周期為?3秒?-s?設置發送包的大小為1024?-t?設置TTL值為?255
轉載至:https://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/03/06/2945407.html