PART 1: Thoughts
What did we want readers to learn about expertise? What concepts and ideas were important to introduce? How should a readers ideas about training and potential be changed by reading this book?自己寫作時也可以參照這些問題進行思考。
Obviously we needed to explain what deliberate practice is. How would we do that? Well, first we would need to explain how people normally practice and the limitations of that approach, and then we would discuss purposeful practice, and so on. At that point we were envisioning various approaches we could use to reach our goals for the book and weighing them, seeing which options seemed best. 本文的作者思路。
? 首先,作者舉了專家醫生癥成功斷出病人的病因的例子,說明主要因素不僅是因為他們擁有足夠的醫學知識,更重要的因素是專家們在多年的實踐中已經建立起更復雜的整體知識體系,即更復雜心理表征,而缺乏經驗的醫生的心理表征還處在初級階段,不會像專家們那樣對問題進行加工分析,表明一個復雜的心理表征,會使這個過程變得更快更有效率。
? 再還結合刻意練習這本書的寫作經歷,他們先通過問題確定目標,建立起初始圖像,構建大概的心理表征,再不斷的細化建立高級心理表征,助于他們更好完成這本書。
? 并告訴我們心理表征和刻意練習的之間的關系,刻意練習的主要目的是發展有效的心理表征,心理表征是刻意練習關鍵部分之一。通過各種例子解釋心理表征有助于我們高效學習,它讓我們發現錯誤,磨練技能可以提高心理表征,而心理表征有助于磨練技巧,二者形成良性循環。
? 就像閱讀原版書,起初自己只是看看,入群后開始寫筆記,在大家點評和自己練習發現問題,然后修改,開始在自己的大腦建立起關于寫作的心理表征雛形,再通過一步步練習,希望自己能越來越進步。總之,自己親自實踐練習很重要,構建起屬于我們自己的心理表征,刻意練習形成高效心理表征,再通過產生的高效心理表征進行新一輪刻意練習,形成良性循環。
PART 2: Summary
Initially, the author illustrates the case of expert doctors to show they have built sophisticated mental representations in contrast with many less experienced doctor. So the experts can diagnoses the reason of the patient fast and precisely.
And,mental representations just one of the key part of deliberate practice, the main purpose of deliberate practice is to develop effective mental representations.Then, as to see how the authors write the book and other examples, we know the virtuous circle rules: honing the skill improves mental representation, and mental representation helps hone the skill. In short, we could practice our techniques to improve and sharpen our mental representations.
PART 3: Words and Expression
1.原文:With this in mind, the specialist asked the patient questions about lifting weights and headaches.
With this in mind:出于...目的
仿句:My grammar is too poor. With this in mind, I decide to buy some grammar books .
2.原文:But more to the point, researchers found that the highly successful agents had much more complex and integrated “knowledge structures”—what we’re calling mental representations—than the less successful agents.
more to the point: 說得更確切些
仿句:More to the point, my mother would be mad me.
3.原文:More generally, mental representations can be used to plan a wide variety of areas.
More generally: 總的來說
仿句:More generally, reading is a better way to improve our vocabulary.
4.原文:Next we started sketching out how we would accomplish our goals for the book.
sketching out:v.. 概略地敘述;草擬
仿句:Next I prepare to? sketch out how would accomplish my summary.
5. 原文:In these areas too, the virtuous circle rules: honing the skill improves mental representation, and mental representation helps hone the skill.
virtuous: adj.morally excellent;in a state of sexual virginity
virtuous circle rules:良性循環規律