This is part of "Ocean Shock," a Reuters series exploring climate change's impact on sea creatures and the people who depend on them.
Norway has built the world's biggest salmon-farming industry. But it wants to go bigger. With their lucrative oil fields now in decline, Norwegians have ambitious plans for aquaculture to power their economy far into the future.
挪威建立了世界上最大的鮭魚養殖產業。但它想變得更大。由于利潤豐厚的油田數量正在不斷減少，挪威人有雄心勃勃的水產養殖計劃，為未來的經濟提供動力。
Climate change could make those dreams harder to realize.
Salmon feed is based on fishmeal, produced by grinding up wild-caught fish. With warming waters and ocean acidification pushing underwater ecosystems to the breaking point, Big Aquaculture is seeking ways to feed fish that aren't hostage to increasingly unpredictable seas.
鮭魚飼料是以魚粉為基礎的，它是用磨碎捕到的野生的魚來生產的.隨著海水變暖和海洋酸化將海洋生態系統推向崩潰的邊緣，大型水產養殖業正在尋找方法來喂養那些不再受制于不可預測的海洋的魚類。
"Feed has a couple of bottlenecks: We're still using marine resources, for example fishmeal and fish oil, to then put into fish. This is not necessarily sustainable in the long term," said Georg Baunach, co-founder of Hatch, an accelerator focused on supporting aquaculture startups. "And that's why we need innovation in feed."
Entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and scientists are racing to identify alternatives, turning the Norwegian cities of Bergen and Stavanger into a Silicon Valley of the Sea. Spending on research and development in Norway's aquaculture sector increased by 30 percent to 2.3 billion kroner, or $275 million, between 2013 and 2015, according to official data quoted by Hatch, as startups and research institutes raced to develop disruptive new technologies.
企業家、風險資本家和科學家正在爭相尋找替代方案，將挪威的卑爾根和斯塔萬格城市變成了硅谷。根據Hatch引用的官方數據，2013至2015年間，挪威水產養殖業的研發支出增長了30%，達到23億克朗。與此同時，初創企業和研究機構競相開發破壞性新技術。
The innovators aren't short of ideas. At Norway's biggest oil refinery, a startup called CO2Bio is harnessing greenhouse gases to culture algae that can then be harvested as a sustainable source of fish feed.
創新者并不缺乏創意。在挪威最大的煉油廠，一家名為CO2BIO的初創公司正在利用溫室氣體培育藻類，然后將其作為可持續的魚類飼料來源。
At the Institute of Marine Research in Bergen, the Aquafly project is investigating whether black soldier flies fed on waste products from the food industry or the seaweed growing off Norway's coast could be another viable feed ingredient.
"The insects are also part of this whole circular economy, where instead of throwing away things you would reuse and recycle and upcycle," said Nina Liland, one of the Aquafly researchers. "Potentially you could use food waste from households to produce insects that could be used for fish feeds: That would be an optimal scenario."
Nina Liland, scientist for the Aquafly project at the Institute of Marine Research investigates how insects can be used to make feed for Norway's salmon farms, in Bergen, Norway, July 31, 2018.
Various companies are working on projects to recycle more of the vast amounts of waste dumped into the sea by Norway's aquaculture industry into products such as biogas or fertilizer.
Researchers are also looking for ways to combat the sea lice parasites that thrive in salmon cages, which are a major brake on the industry's plans to expand.
許多公司正在開展項目，將挪威水產養殖業向傾倒海里的大量廢物回收變為沼氣或化肥等產品。
Time may not be on the fish farmers' side. With climate change projected to intensify in the coming decades, the challenge will be to turn promising new ideas into viable projects fast enough to shield their dreams of a prosperous future from the growing turmoil at sea.
