代碼規范

命名規則

  • 1 全部采用小寫的方式,以下劃線分隔
    eg:my_project_name

  • 2 有復數結構時,要采用復數命名法
    eg:scripts 、styles 、 images 、 data_models

HTML

  • 1 縮進使用soft tab (4個空格)

  • 2 在屬性上,使用雙引號,不要使用單引號

  • 3 不要忽略自動閉合標簽結尾處使用斜線和可選的關閉標簽
    eg:<img /> , <li></li>

  • 4 lang 屬性 規定加上,常用的有如下
    <html lang="en-us"></html>
    <html lang="zh-cn"></html>
    <html lang="zh-hk"></html>
    <html lang="zh-tw"></html>

  • 5 字符編碼 指定為"UTF-8"

  • 6 IE兼容模式: 用<meta>標簽指定頁面應該用什么版本的IE來渲染,可通過連接鏈接了解更多
    eg:<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible content="IE=Edge"/>

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6771258/whats-the-difference-if-meta-http-equiv-x-ua-compatible-content-ie-edge-e

  • 7 引入css,js:不需要指明type

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="code_guide.css/>

    <!-- In-document CSS -->
    <style>
          ...
    </style>
    
    <!-- External JS -->
    <script src="code_guide.js"></script>
    
    <!-- In-document JS -->
    <script> 
        ...
    </script>
    
    • 8 屬性順序:屬性應該按照特定的順序出現以保證易讀性

       * class
       * id
       * name
       * src ,   value , data-* , href
       * for , type , max-length , max , min , pattern
       * placeholder, title, alt
       * aria-*, role
       * required , readonly , disabled
      
    • 9 boolean屬性:不需要聲明取值的屬性
      eg:<input type="text" disabled />
      <input type="checkbox" value="1" checked />
      <select>
      <option value="1" selected >1</option>
      </select>

  • 10 減少標簽數量:需要盡量避免多余的父節點

CSS

  • 1 分號 空格
    以下幾種情況不需要空格:

    屬性名后
    多個規則的分隔符','前
    !important'!'后
    屬性值中'('后和')'前
    行末不要有多余的空格
    
    以下幾種情況需要空格:
    
    屬性值前
    選擇器'>', '+', '~'前后
    '{'前
    !important '!'前
    @else前后
    屬性值中的','后
    注釋'/*'后和'*/'前
    
    eg:
          .element,
          .dialog,
          .element > .dialog{
                color: red !important; 
                background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
          }
    
  • 2 空行 換行

      以下幾種情況需要空行:
      文件最后保留一個空行
      '}'后最好跟一個空行,包括scss中嵌套的規則
      屬性之間需要適當的空行
    
      以下幾種情況不需要換行:
       '{'前
    
      以下幾種情況需要換行:
      '{'后和'}'前
      每個屬性獨占一行
      多個規則的分隔符','后
    
       eg:
            .element,
            .dialog,
            .element > .dialog{
                  color: red !important; 
                  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
            }
    
            .dialog { 
                 color: red; 
                 &:after {
                      ... 
                 }
           }
    
  • 3 屬性聲明順序

// 下面是推薦的屬性的順序
[
    [
        "display",
        "visibility",
        "float",
        "clear",
        "overflow",
        "overflow-x",
        "overflow-y",
        "clip",
        "zoom"
    ],
    [
        "table-layout",
        "empty-cells",
        "caption-side",
        "border-spacing",
        "border-collapse",
        "list-style",
        "list-style-position",
        "list-style-type",
        "list-style-image"
    ],
    [
        "-webkit-box-orient",
        "-webkit-box-direction",
        "-webkit-box-decoration-break",
        "-webkit-box-pack",
        "-webkit-box-align",
        "-webkit-box-flex"
    ],
    [
        "position",
        "top",
        "right",
        "bottom",
        "left",
        "z-index"
    ],
    [
        "margin",
        "margin-top",
        "margin-right",
        "margin-bottom",
        "margin-left",
        "-webkit-box-sizing",
        "-moz-box-sizing",
        "box-sizing",
        "border",
        "border-width",
        "border-style",
        "border-color",
        "border-top",
        "border-top-width",
        "border-top-style",
        "border-top-color",
        "border-right",
        "border-right-width",
        "border-right-style",
        "border-right-color",
        "border-bottom",
        "border-bottom-width",
        "border-bottom-style",
        "border-bottom-color",
        "border-left",
        "border-left-width",
        "border-left-style",
        "border-left-color",
        "-webkit-border-radius",
        "-moz-border-radius",
        "border-radius",
        "-webkit-border-top-left-radius",
        "-moz-border-radius-topleft",
        "border-top-left-radius",
        "-webkit-border-top-right-radius",
        "-moz-border-radius-topright",
        "border-top-right-radius",
        "-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius",
        "-moz-border-radius-bottomright",
        "border-bottom-right-radius",
        "-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius",
        "-moz-border-radius-bottomleft",
        "border-bottom-left-radius",
        "-webkit-border-image",
        "-moz-border-image",
        "-o-border-image",
        "border-image",
        "-webkit-border-image-source",
        "-moz-border-image-source",
        "-o-border-image-source",
        "border-image-source",
        "-webkit-border-image-slice",
        "-moz-border-image-slice",
        "-o-border-image-slice",
        "border-image-slice",
        "-webkit-border-image-width",
        "-moz-border-image-width",
        "-o-border-image-width",
        "border-image-width",
        "-webkit-border-image-outset",
        "-moz-border-image-outset",
        "-o-border-image-outset",
        "border-image-outset",
        "-webkit-border-image-repeat",
        "-moz-border-image-repeat",
        "-o-border-image-repeat",
        "border-image-repeat",
        "padding",
        "padding-top",
        "padding-right",
        "padding-bottom",
        "padding-left",
        "width",
        "min-width",
        "max-width",
        "height",
        "min-height",
        "max-height"
    ],
    [
        "font",
        "font-family",
        "font-size",
        "font-weight",
        "font-style",
        "font-variant",
        "font-size-adjust",
        "font-stretch",
        "font-effect",
        "font-emphasize",
        "font-emphasize-position",
        "font-emphasize-style",
        "font-smooth",
        "line-height",
        "text-align",
        "-webkit-text-align-last",
        "-moz-text-align-last",
        "-ms-text-align-last",
        "text-align-last",
        "vertical-align",
        "white-space",
        "text-decoration",
        "text-emphasis",
        "text-emphasis-color",
        "text-emphasis-style",
        "text-emphasis-position",
        "text-indent",
        "-ms-text-justify",
        "text-justify",
        "letter-spacing",
        "word-spacing",
        "-ms-writing-mode",
        "text-outline",
        "text-transform",
        "text-wrap",
        "-ms-text-overflow",
        "text-overflow",
        "text-overflow-ellipsis",
        "text-overflow-mode",
        "-ms-word-wrap",
        "word-wrap",
        "-ms-word-break",
        "word-break"
    ],
    [
        "color",
        "background",
        "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader",
        "background-color",
        "background-image",
        "background-repeat",
        "background-attachment",
        "background-position",
        "-ms-background-position-x",
        "background-position-x",
        "-ms-background-position-y",
        "background-position-y",
        "-webkit-background-clip",
        "-moz-background-clip",
        "background-clip",
        "background-origin",
        "-webkit-background-size",
        "-moz-background-size",
        "-o-background-size",
        "background-size"
    ],
    [
        "outline",
        "outline-width",
        "outline-style",
        "outline-color",
        "outline-offset",
        "opacity",
        "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity",
        "-ms-filter:\\'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha",
        "-ms-interpolation-mode",
        "-webkit-box-shadow",
        "-moz-box-shadow",
        "box-shadow",
        "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient",
        "-ms-filter:\\'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient",
        "text-shadow"
    ],
    [
        "-webkit-transition",
        "-moz-transition",
        "-ms-transition",
        "-o-transition",
        "transition",
        "-webkit-transition-delay",
        "-moz-transition-delay",
        "-ms-transition-delay",
        "-o-transition-delay",
        "transition-delay",
        "-webkit-transition-timing-function",
        "-moz-transition-timing-function",
        "-ms-transition-timing-function",
        "-o-transition-timing-function",
        "transition-timing-function",
        "-webkit-transition-duration",
        "-moz-transition-duration",
        "-ms-transition-duration",
        "-o-transition-duration",
        "transition-duration",
        "-webkit-transition-property",
        "-moz-transition-property",
        "-ms-transition-property",
        "-o-transition-property",
        "transition-property",
        "-webkit-transform",
        "-moz-transform",
        "-ms-transform",
        "-o-transform",
        "transform",
        "-webkit-transform-origin",
        "-moz-transform-origin",
        "-ms-transform-origin",
        "-o-transform-origin",
        "transform-origin",
        "-webkit-animation",
        "-moz-animation",
        "-ms-animation",
        "-o-animation",
        "animation",
        "-webkit-animation-name",
        "-moz-animation-name",
        "-ms-animation-name",
        "-o-animation-name",
        "animation-name",
        "-webkit-animation-duration",
        "-moz-animation-duration",
        "-ms-animation-duration",
        "-o-animation-duration",
        "animation-duration",
        "-webkit-animation-play-state",
        "-moz-animation-play-state",
        "-ms-animation-play-state",
        "-o-animation-play-state",
        "animation-play-state",
        "-webkit-animation-timing-function",
        "-moz-animation-timing-function",
        "-ms-animation-timing-function",
        "-o-animation-timing-function",
        "animation-timing-function",
        "-webkit-animation-delay",
        "-moz-animation-delay",
        "-ms-animation-delay",
        "-o-animation-delay",
        "animation-delay",
        "-webkit-animation-iteration-count",
        "-moz-animation-iteration-count",
        "-ms-animation-iteration-count",
        "-o-animation-iteration-count",
        "animation-iteration-count",
        "-webkit-animation-direction",
        "-moz-animation-direction",
        "-ms-animation-direction",
        "-o-animation-direction",
        "animation-direction"
    ],
    [
        "content",
        "quotes",
        "counter-reset",
        "counter-increment",
        "resize",
        "cursor",
        "-webkit-user-select",
        "-moz-user-select",
        "-ms-user-select",
        "user-select",
        "nav-index",
        "nav-up",
        "nav-right",
        "nav-down",
        "nav-left",
        "-moz-tab-size",
        "-o-tab-size",
        "tab-size",
        "-webkit-hyphens",
        "-moz-hyphens",
        "hyphens",
        "pointer-events"
    ]
]
  • 4 媒體查詢:盡量將媒體查詢的規則靠近與他們相關的規則,不要將他們一起放到一個獨立的樣式文件中,或者丟在文檔的最底部,這樣做只會讓大家以后更容易忘記他們。

  • 5 不要在一個文件里出現兩個相同的規則
    eg:用 border: 0; 代替 border: none;

JS

  • 1 分號
以下幾種情況后需加分號:
變量聲明
表達式
return
throw
break
continue
do-while
  • 2 引號:最外層統一使用單引號。
var y = 'foo',
      z = '<div id="test"></div>';
  • 3 變量命名
標準變量采用駝峰式命名(除了對象的屬性外,主要是考慮到cgi返回的數據)
'ID'在變量名中全大寫
'URL'在變量名中全大寫
'Android'在變量名中大寫第一個字母
'iOS'在變量名中小寫第一個,大寫后兩個字母
常量全大寫,用下劃線連接
構造函數,大寫第一個字母
jquery對象必須以'$'開頭命名
  • 4 括號
下列關鍵字后必須有大括號(即使代碼塊的內容只有一行):
if, 
else,
for,
while,
do,
switch,
try,
catch,
finally,
with,
  • 5 null
適用場景:
      初始化一個將來可能被賦值為對象的變量
      與已經初始化的變量做比較
      作為一個參數為對象的函數的調用傳參
      作為一個返回對象的函數的返回值
不適用場景:
      不要用null來判斷函數調用時有無傳參
      不要與未初始化的變量做比較
  • 6 undefined
//永遠不要直接使用undefined進行變量判斷;
//使用typeof和字符串'undefined'對變量進行判斷。
if (typeof person === 'undefined') { ...}
  • 7 jshint
1、用'===', '!=='代替'==', '!=';
2、for-in里一定要有hasOwnProperty的判斷;
3、不要在內置對象的原型上添加方法,如Array, Date;
4、不要在內層作用域的代碼里聲明了變量,之后卻訪問到了外層作用域的同名變量;
5、變量不要先使用后聲明;
6、不要在一句代碼中單單使用構造函數,記得將其賦值給某個變量;
7、不要在同個作用域下聲明同名變量;
8、不要在一些不需要的地方加括號,例:delete(a.b);
9、不要使用未聲明的變量(全局變量需要加到.jshintrc文件的globals屬性里面);
10、不要聲明了變量卻不使用;
11、不要在應該做比較的地方做賦值;
12、debugger不要出現在提交的代碼里;
13、數組中不要存在空元素;
14、不要在循環內部聲明函數;
15、不要像這樣使用構造函數,例:new function () { ... }, new Object;
if (a === 1) { 
      a++;
}
for (key in obj) { 
      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { 
            // be sure that obj[key] belongs to the object and was not inherited
            console.log(obj[key]); 
      }
}
var person = new Person();
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