今日導(dǎo)讀
近日，烏克蘭總統(tǒng)大選爆出了令人震驚的結(jié)果：毫無(wú)從政經(jīng)驗(yàn)的喜劇演員弗拉基米爾·澤連斯基，竟然打敗了在烏克蘭政壇摸爬滾打了多年的現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)彼得·波羅申科，以壓倒性的票數(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得了總統(tǒng)大選，這讓不少看客驚呼“現(xiàn)實(shí)遠(yuǎn)比劇本更精彩”。如今，只在電視劇中演過(guò)總統(tǒng)的澤連斯基成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)中真正的總統(tǒng)，他將面對(duì)哪些政治難題？烏克蘭民眾又是怎樣看待這位當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)的“政治素人”的呢？讓我們跟著雪梨老師，一起走進(jìn)《路透社》的相關(guān)報(bào)道吧！
新聞原文
Ukraine enters uncharted new era after comedian wins presidency
Reuters
Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday after near final results showed a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies had dramatically up-ended the status quo and won the country's presidential election by a landslide.
The emphatic victory of Volodymyr Zelenskiy, 41, is a bitter blow for incumbent Petro Poroshenko who tried to rally Ukrainians around the flag by casting himself as a bulwark against Russia and a champion of Ukrainian identity.
Zelenskiy, who plays a fictitious president in a popular TV series, is now poised to take over the leadership of a country on the frontline of the West's standoff with Russia.
He has promised to end the war in the eastern Donbass region and to root out corruption amid widespread dismay over rising prices and sliding living standards.
But he has been coy about exactly how he plans to achieve all that and investors want reassurances that he will accelerate reforms needed to attract foreign investment and keep the country in an International Monetary Fund programme.
"Since there is complete uncertainty about the economic policy of the person who will become president, we simply don't know what is going to happen and that worries the financial community, " said Serhiy Fursa, an investment banker at Dragon Capital in Kiev.
帶著問(wèn)題聽(tīng)講解
如何理解“uncharted political waters”這一短語(yǔ)？
澤連斯基準(zhǔn)備在上任后實(shí)現(xiàn)哪些目標(biāo)？
烏克蘭民眾對(duì)于這位即將上任的總統(tǒng)持什么態(tài)度？
新聞?wù)?/h3>
Ukraine enters uncharted new era after comedian wins presidency
喜劇演員當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)，烏克蘭進(jìn)入未知的新時(shí)代
喜劇演員當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)，烏克蘭進(jìn)入未知的新時(shí)代
Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday after near final results showed a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies had dramatically up-ended the status quo and won the country's presidential election by a landslide.
周一，烏克蘭進(jìn)入了嶄新的政治局面。此前，投票接近尾聲時(shí)的結(jié)果顯示，一名毫無(wú)從政經(jīng)驗(yàn)、沒(méi)怎么制定過(guò)具體政策的喜劇演員戲劇性地顛覆了現(xiàn)狀，以壓倒性優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得了該國(guó)的總統(tǒng)大選。
The emphatic victory of Volodymyr Zelenskiy, 41, is a bitter blow for incumbent Petro Poroshenko who tried to rally Ukrainians around the flag by casting himself as a bulwark against Russia and a champion of Ukrainian identity.
現(xiàn)年 41 歲的弗拉基米爾·澤連斯基大獲全勝，這對(duì)于現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)彼得·波羅申科來(lái)說(shuō)，是一個(gè)沉重的打擊。波羅申科曾把自己塑造成對(duì)抗俄羅斯的衛(wèi)士和烏克蘭民族認(rèn)同感的捍衛(wèi)者，并試圖以此將烏克蘭人民團(tuán)結(jié)在國(guó)旗下。
Zelenskiy, who plays a fictitiouspresident in a popular TV series, is now poised to take over the leadership of a country on the frontline of the West's standoffwith Russia.
澤連斯基在一部熱門(mén)電視劇中扮演了一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的總統(tǒng)角色。烏克蘭正處在西方與俄羅斯對(duì)峙的第一線。而澤連斯基現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備接管的，正是這樣一個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)。
He has promised to end the war in the eastern Donbass region and to root out corruption amid widespread dismay over rising prices and sliding living standards.
面對(duì)物價(jià)上漲、生活水平下降帶來(lái)的普遍低落情緒，他已經(jīng)承諾將結(jié)束東部頓巴斯地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，并根除腐敗現(xiàn)象。
But he has been coy about exactly how he plans to achieve all that and investors want reassurancesthat he will accelerate reforms needed to attract foreign investment and keep the country in an International Monetary Fund programme.
但是，他對(duì)于究竟打算如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)一直含糊其辭。而投資者們希望他能做出一些能夠消除他們疑慮的舉動(dòng)——加快吸引外商投資所需的改革，并將烏克蘭保留在國(guó)際貨幣基金組織的項(xiàng)目中。
"Since there is complete uncertainty about the economic policy of the person who will become president, we simply don't know what is going to happen and that worries the financial community," said Serhiy Fursa, an investment banker at Dragon Capital in Kiev.
謝爾希·弗薩是一名來(lái)自基輔市巨龍資本投資公司的投資銀行家，他說(shuō)：“因?yàn)橄乱蝗慰偨y(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策完全是未知數(shù)，我們根本不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么，這讓金融界感到擔(dān)憂。”
重點(diǎn)詞匯
uncharted
/??n?t?ɑ?rt?d/
adj. 地圖上沒(méi)有標(biāo)明的；陌生的，未知的
相關(guān)詞匯：chart (v.)
waters
/?wɑt??rs/
n. （某一江、河、湖、海的）水域
例句：The party is sailing in uncharted waters.
up-end
/?p?end/
v. 翻倒，顛倒
同義詞：upend
相關(guān)詞匯：up（向上）; end（末端，底面）
例句：The man's entire life is upended.
status quo
/?ste?t?s ?kwo?/
現(xiàn)狀；原來(lái)的狀況
搭配短語(yǔ)：to defend/maintain the status quo
by a landslide
以壓倒性的多數(shù)獲勝
相關(guān)詞匯：land（土地）；slide（滑動(dòng)）
相關(guān)詞匯：landslide（滑坡、塌方）
landslide 搭配短語(yǔ)：a landslide victory
landslide 例句：He apologized for having behaved badly in his younger years, and went on to win election in a landslide victory.
emphatic
/?m?f?t?k/
adj. 強(qiáng)調(diào)的，有力的；明顯的，突出的
相關(guān)詞匯：emphasis (n.)
搭配短語(yǔ)：an emphatic win/defeat
incumbent
/?n?k?mb?nt/
adj. 在職的，現(xiàn)任的
詞性拓展：incumbent (n.)
例句：He beat the incumbent.
rally sb. around sth.
把...召集在...周?chē)?..團(tuán)結(jié)在...周?chē)?/p>
bulwark
/?b?lw??rk/
n. 堡壘，防御工事；保護(hù)者，防御者
搭配短語(yǔ)：a bulwark of a place
搭配短語(yǔ)：a bulwark against capitalism
fictitious
/f?k?t???s/
adj. 虛構(gòu)的
英文釋義：invented by sb. rather than true
例句：All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.
poised
/p??zd/
adj. 準(zhǔn)備就緒的
搭配短語(yǔ)：be poised to do sth.
take over
接任；接管
搭配短語(yǔ)：take over from sb. as sth.
例句：Zelenskiy will take over from Poroshenko as President of Ukraine.
on the frontline of ...
在...的第一線
同義詞：on the front line of ...
standoff
/?st?nd???f/
n. 僵局，僵持局面
英文釋義：a situation in which no agreement can be reached
root out
找到并根除
相關(guān)詞匯：root（v. 翻找）
近義詞：get rid of
搭配短語(yǔ)：root out inefficiency in this company
dismay
/d?s?me?/
n. 沮喪，灰心
coy
/k??/
adj. 含糊其詞的；遮遮掩掩的
英文釋義：not willing to give information about sth.
搭配短語(yǔ)：be coy about sth.
reassurance
/?ri?????r?ns/
n. 安慰；能消除疑慮的話語(yǔ)或行動(dòng)
英文釋義：something that is said or done to take away a person's fears or doubts
accelerate
/?k?sel?re?t/
v.（使）加快，（使）增速
搭配短語(yǔ)：to accelerate the rate of economic growth
補(bǔ)充詞匯知識(shí)
Ukraine
n. 烏克蘭
comedian
n. 喜劇演員
presidency
n. 總統(tǒng)職務(wù)
搭配短語(yǔ)：win presidency
dramatically
adv. 戲劇性地
emphatic
adj. 強(qiáng)調(diào)的，有力的
搭配短語(yǔ)：an emphatic denial
bitter
adj. 使人痛苦的
例句：The black sweater stirred up bitter memories.
champion
n. 擁護(hù)者，捍衛(wèi)者
搭配短語(yǔ)：a champion of women's rights
identity
n. 身份認(rèn)同感
英文釋義：the qualities that a group of people have, that make them different from other people
leadership
n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)
the West
西方國(guó)家
amid
prep. 在…中間，在…當(dāng)中
widespread
adj. 廣泛的；普遍的
sliding
adj. 不斷下滑的
living standards
生活水平
International Monetary Fund
國(guó)際貨幣基金組織
縮寫(xiě)：IMF
simply
adv. 完全地；絕對(duì)地
the financial community
金融界
community 搭配短語(yǔ)：the business/academic community
長(zhǎng)難句解析
Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday after near final results showed a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies had dramatically up-ended the status quo and won the country's presidential election by a landslide.
周一，烏克蘭進(jìn)入了嶄新的政治局面。此前，投票接近尾聲時(shí)的結(jié)果顯示，一名毫無(wú)從政經(jīng)驗(yàn)、沒(méi)怎么制定過(guò)具體政策的喜劇演員戲劇性地顛覆了現(xiàn)狀，以壓倒性優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得了該國(guó)的總統(tǒng)大選。
主句為 Ukraine entered uncharted political waters on Monday。after 引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中 near final results showed 后面跟著的是賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)為 a comedian with no political experience and few detailed policies。
拓展閱讀
彼得·波羅申科
彼得·阿列克謝耶維奇·波羅申科，出生于 1965 年 9 月 26 日，后在基輔大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律。1996 年，他創(chuàng)建了如勝（Roshen）糖果集團(tuán)，并將其發(fā)展成為歐洲最大的糖果制造企業(yè)之一，被譽(yù)為“巧克力大王”。波羅申科長(zhǎng)期占據(jù)烏克蘭前十大富豪榜。
波羅申科曾多次當(dāng)選議會(huì)議員，他在 2007 年被任命為烏克蘭央行行長(zhǎng)，2012 年出任經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和貿(mào)易部長(zhǎng)。2014 年 5 月，波羅申科當(dāng)選烏克蘭總統(tǒng)，任期五年。在波羅申科任內(nèi)，烏克蘭失去了領(lǐng)土完整，東部親俄的三個(gè)州處于事實(shí)上的獨(dú)立狀態(tài)；GDP 下降了一半，貪腐丑聞?lì)l發(fā)，波羅申科本人也丑聞纏身。
北京時(shí)間 2019 年 4 月 22 日，2019 年烏克蘭大選第二輪投票結(jié)束。波羅申科支持率僅為 26.3%，他隨后承認(rèn)落敗，并向?qū)κ直磉_(dá)祝賀。
弗拉基米爾·澤連斯基
弗拉基米爾·澤連斯基，1978 年出生于烏克蘭，是該國(guó)著名的喜劇演員。
2015 年，澤連斯基在《人民公仆》中飾演烏克蘭總統(tǒng)，奠定了他烏克蘭“國(guó)民喜劇演員”的地位。自競(jìng)選烏克蘭總統(tǒng)以來(lái)，毫無(wú)政治經(jīng)驗(yàn)的澤連斯基并未提出任何明晰的治國(guó)方略，他能當(dāng)選的最主要原因是選民對(duì)波羅申科的失望。
4 月 21 日，烏克蘭大選落下帷幕，喜劇演員澤連斯基獲得了 73%的選票，以壓倒性的優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得勝利，當(dāng)選烏克蘭 1991 年獨(dú)立以來(lái)的第六任總統(tǒng)。他將于今年 6 月 7 日宣誓就任總統(tǒng)。
烏克蘭政局
在 2004 年至 2005 年烏克蘭總統(tǒng)大選中，由于選舉舞弊引發(fā)的一系列抗議和政治事件（又稱”橙色革命”），第二輪的選舉結(jié)果作廢。親美的總統(tǒng)候選人尤先科成功當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。橙色革命后，尤先科執(zhí)政時(shí)期的烏克蘭曾面臨過(guò)嚴(yán)重的通貨膨脹問(wèn)題。在 2010 年烏克蘭總統(tǒng)選舉中，前總理亞努科維奇在第二輪投票中取得勝利，再度上臺(tái)執(zhí)政。
2013 年底，親俄的亞努科維奇政府中止和歐洲聯(lián)盟簽署政治和自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議，欲強(qiáng)化和俄羅斯的關(guān)系，導(dǎo)致烏克蘭親歐派在基輔展開(kāi)反政府示威。2014 年 2 月 22 日，亞努科維奇被議會(huì)罷免總統(tǒng)職務(wù)，并宣布提前舉行總統(tǒng)大選。此后親歐美的波羅申科上臺(tái)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的頻繁變更和國(guó)家政策的持續(xù)變動(dòng)，造成了社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩、經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退、戰(zhàn)亂地區(qū)上百萬(wàn)人被迫背井離鄉(xiāng)等后果。
2014 年，烏克蘭開(kāi)始實(shí)施議會(huì)總統(tǒng)制，總統(tǒng)權(quán)力大幅縮小。總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政不僅受政府和議會(huì)制約，也被寡頭壟斷國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)等因素影響。由于權(quán)力的分散化，總統(tǒng)在一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上要想有所作為并不容易。
