51、?[單選]?項目實施階段,一位團隊成員找到了項目經理,因為他不知道哪些工作需要他來完成。以下哪個文件對工作包做了詳細描述?
During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work packages?
A:工作分解結構詞典
Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary
B:活動清單
Activity list
C:初步范圍說明書
Preliminary project scope statement
D:項目范圍管理計劃
Project scope management plan
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:活動清單(選項B)也許羅列了相關的工作包,但沒有對工作包進行詳細的描述。初步范圍說明書(選項C)會包括項目范圍,但沒有說明每個團隊成員需分配的工作。項目范圍管理計劃(選項D)描述了范圍如何計劃、管理及控制,但不包括每個工作包的詳細描述。WBS詞典定義了WBS中的每個組成要素。因此,WBS詞典才詳細描述了工作包。
52、?[單選]?項目發起人要求項目經理提前一個月完成項目。若要滿足這項請求,應該使用什么?
The project sponsor asks the project manager to complete the project one month ahead of schedule. What should be used to accommodate this request?
A:變更控制
Change control
B:進度控制
Schedule control
C:范圍控制
Scope control
D:資源控制
Resource control
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:根據題意,要求進度提前,這需要進行變更,變更控制要按照變更控制流程進行,所以選A。參見4.6 。考點:變更控制機制、流程。
53、?[單選]?下列哪一項用在定義范圍當中?
Which of the following is used in define scope?
A:產品分析
Product analysis
B:范圍基準
Scope baseline
C:WBS字典
WBS dictionary
D:預測和檢查
Forecasts and inspection
正確答案:A?你的答案:B
解析:定義范圍過程的工具與技術。B、C屬工作分解結構輸出,D屬執行范疇。
54、?[單選]?針對設計經理提出的某個問題的解決方案,項目經理必須收集分析信息。以下哪一項能防止任何人對結果產生不適當的影響?
Regarding the resolution of an issue identified by the engineering manager, the project manager must gather information and reach a consensus of analysis. Which of the following presents any one person from having undue influence on the outcome?
A:德爾菲技術
Delphi technique
B:名義組技術
Nominal group technique
C:價值工程
Value engineering
D:虛擬團隊
Virtual team
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:所屬過程組:規劃過程組。所屬知識領域:項目范圍管理。解析:德爾菲技術可以做到在防止任何人對結果產生不適當的影響的情況下,達成各位專家的一致意見。
55、?[單選]?在項目過程中,發生了一個意外。該事件影響了項目成本,但是未影響到時間。該事件之前被項目團隊識別為一項潛在風險。若要限制該事件對于項目成本的影響,項目經理應該怎么做?
During the project, an incident occurs which impacts the cost of the project, but not the time. The event was previously identified as a potential risk by the project team. What should the project manager do to limit the impact of the incident on the project cost?
A:查看風險登記冊,并確定適當和既定的應對措施
Refer to the risk register to determine the appropriate and agreed upon response
B:分析該事件,包括對成本和時間的影響,并創建變更請求
Analyze the incident, including impact in cost and time, and create a change request
C:制定權變措施,并立即實施,盡可能減少成本超支
Develop a workaround and implement this immediately to minimize cost overruns
D:執行敏感性分析,確定不同應對的成本超支靈活性
Perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the flexibility in cost overruns by different responses
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:既然是事先已經identify的風險,風險登記冊應該有記錄,肯定是先察看登記冊并根據計劃應對。
56、?[單選]?影響指數(如圖)項目團隊確定了風險發生的概率,評估每個風險潛在應對成本,進度和性能的影響。這些信息已在表中顯示出來。如果滿足成本是這個項目是最優先考慮的。那么項目團隊承擔的最關鍵的風險是什么呢?
(Impact scores) A project team identifies several risks and assesses probability of occurrence and potential impact on cost, schedule, and performance for each risk. This information is presented in the table shown. If meeting cost objectives is the highest priority for this project. Which is the most critical risk for the project team to address?
A:風險 A
Risk A
B:風險 B
Risk B
C:風險 C
Risk C
D:風險 D
Risk D
正確答案:D?你的答案:A
解析:概率*成本 影響最大的風險是D。
57、?[單選]?相關方感覺他們收到的信息十分復雜,難以理解,因此,不能正確做出決定。若要解決這個問題,應該怎么做?
The stakeholders feel that information they receive is complex and difficult to understand. And because of this decisions cannot be properly made. What should be done be resolve this situation?
A:審查溝通需求
Review the communication requirements
B:減少報告數量
Reduce the number of reports
C:包含一個常用術語表
Include a glossary of common terminology
D:添加解釋性附件
Add an explanatory addendum.
正確答案:A?你的答案:D
解析:相關方感覺收到的信息復雜難以理解,是因為沒有收集到相關方有效的溝通需求,沒有正確的規劃溝通,包括合適的溝通內容和溝通方式。因此需要審查溝通需求。
58、?[單選]?在項目執行過程中,你被任命為項目經理。項目各項指標都在基線的允許范圍內,如果客戶對項目績效不滿意,你首先應該做什么?
You are assigned project manager in executing project; the project is in control on baseline, if customers are not satisfied with the performance, then what you should do firstly?
A:與項目團隊一起討論
Discussing with project team
B:重新計算基線
Baseline revised
C:重新商談合同
Contract Renegotiation
D:與客戶見面
Meeting with customers
正確答案:D?你的答案:C
解析:PMBOK2012 中 13.4.2注意你是在執行過程中被任命的,而且項目是按基線要求進行的,如果客戶不滿意,其原因可能是在項目規劃期間沒有完全識別顧客的全部需求,導致范圍定義的缺失,或客戶又有新的想法和需求。客戶能說出來的需求一般僅占實際需求的20%。與客戶面對面溝通是解決問題的方法之一。
59、?[單選]?項目團隊成員識別項目質量需求,并記錄項目應該如何遵守這些需求。他們應該使用哪一項工具和技術?
The project team members identify project quality requirements and document how the project will demonstrate compliance. Which tools and techniques should they use?
A:流程圖,控制圖和因果圖
Flowchart, control chart, and cause and effect diagrams
B:流程圖,成本效益分析和趨勢圖
Flowchart, cost-benefit analysis, and run charts
C:流程圖,成本效益分析和思維導圖
Flowchart, cost-benefit analysis,and mind-mapping
D:流程圖,控制圖和散點圖
Flowchart, control chart, and scatter diagrams.
正確答案:C?你的答案:B
解析:規劃質量工具包括:專家判斷、數據收集、數據分析、決策、數據表現、測試與檢查的規劃、會議
60、?[單選]?一賣方的管理層告訴其項目經理該項目應想方設法取得獎金。合同中獎勵條款的主要目的是:
A project manager for the seller is told by her management that the project should do whatever possible to be awarded incentive money. The primary objective of incentive clauses in a contract is to:
A:降低買方的成本
reduce costs for the buyer.
B:幫助賣方控制成本
help the seller control costs.
C:同步目標
synchronize objectives.
D:通過轉移買方的風險來降低賣方的風險
reduce risk for the seller by shifting risk to the buyer.
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:獎勵就是使賣方的目標和買方的一致,既面向進度又有相同的目標。
61、?[單選]?公司管理層正在削減預算,因此必須做出如何削減某個關鍵正在進行的項目預算。項目經理首先應該怎么做?
Budgets are being reduced by company management; there how to reduce the budget of a critical, ongoing project. The project manager should do which of the following first?
A:提交能夠減少成本的更新進度計劃,并減少最終可交付
Submit an updated schedule that reduces cost, and reduce final deliberates
B:解散某些分配的資源并延長項目時間線
Dismiss some of the assigned resources and lengthen
C:減少管理儲備以保持項目進行
Eliminate the management reserve to keep the project.
D:使用敏感性分析評估不同風險
Use a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the various risks.
正確答案:D?你的答案:D
解析:消減預算為一項風險,所以需先評估不同消減預算方法所導致的風險后果,再決定采用哪種方法給項目帶來的風險更小。
62、?[單選]?依據項目管理計劃的標準,項目經理遇到問題,并就此提出變更請求,變更請求獲得批準,被執行和記錄在項目文件中。項目經理應該記錄問題和采取的措施記錄在哪里,以便未來項目獲益?
Following the standards included in the project management plan, a project manager experiences an issue and proposes a change request. The change request is approved, implemented, and documented in the project documentation. Where should the project manager record the experiences, issues, and actions taken to benefit future projects?
A:項目章程
Project chart
B:經驗教訓
Lessons learned
C:項目管理計劃
Project management plan
D:狀態報告
Status report
正確答案:B?你的答案:B
解析:所屬知識領域:項目整合管理。所屬過程組:收尾過程組。解析:根據題意,項目經理要記錄變更請求以及變更請求執行過程,并且為以后的項目提供參考,所以要記錄在經驗教訓文件中,不能記錄在項目章程和項目管理計劃中,也不能記錄在狀態報告中,因為狀態報告的作用是顯示項目進展狀態不是為今后的項目提供幫助并收益。考點:經驗教訓
63、?[單選]?受P&T建筑公司雇用,一位造價工程師為該公司在中國的首個油田的管道建設項目估算成本,但沒有得到任何詳細工程數據。這位工程師應采用哪種費用估算方法為P&T建筑公司提供初步成本預算?
A cost engineer was engaged by P&T Construction PLC to provide a cost estimate for the first oil field piping project in China without any detail engineering data. What type of cost estimate approach should the engineer use to provide an initial cost estimate to P&T Construction?
A:近似估算
Approximate estimate
B:量級估算
Order of magnitude estimate
C:限定性估算
Definitive estimate
D:可行性估算
Feasibility estimate
正確答案:B?你的答案:A
解析:PMBOK第6版中7.2估算成本-引言-量級估算。在啟動階段可得出項目的粗略量級估算
64、?[單選]?你們在為美國能源部做一個項目,采用掙值分析作為績效報告技術。現在項目已經完成了 20%,掙值分析的結果顯示 CPI 為 0.67,SPI 0 .87。在這種情況下,你應該:
Your project for the U.S. Department of Energy is using earned value analysis as a performance reporting technique. Your project is 20% complete. Results from a recent earned value analysis indicate that the CPI is 0 .67 and the SPI is 0.87. In this situation, you should
A:實施額外的資源計劃,增加資源并用比預計更多的時間來完成預算的工作量
Perform additional resource planning, add resources, and use overtime as needed to accomplish the same amount of budgeted work
B:重新設置進度基線,再進行蒙特卡羅分析
Re-baseline the schedule, then use Monte Carlo analysis
C:實施一項風險應對審核來幫助監督風險
Conduct a risk response audit to help control risk
D:重新識別風險,實施定性風險分析和實施定量風險分析
Update to Identify Risks, Perform Qualitative Analysis and Perform Quantitative Analysis
正確答案:D?你的答案:D
解析:CPI=0.67,SPI=0.87,說明此時,項目完成了 20%時,項目費用超支,項目進度落后,這個偏差分析結果說明項目存在對項目目標完成造成威脅的潛在風險存在,應該重新檢測風險因素并對項目實施定性和定量風險分析。
65、?[單選]?項目經理估算開發新產品的價格. 在最有可能情景中,成本將會是 10,000 美元;在最好情況下,成本將會是 9,000 美元;在最壞情況下,成本將會是 17,000 美元;如果利用 PERT 加權分析法,項目的預期成本將會是多少?
The project manager estimates the cost of developing new products. In the most likely scenario ,the cost would be US $ 10,000;In the best case scenario ,the cost would be US $9,000;in the worst case scenario ,the cost would be US $ 17,000. If the PERT weighted average analysis is used ,what would be the expected cost of the project?
A:9,000 美元
US $9,000
B:10,000 美元
US $ 10,000
C:11,000 美元
US $ 11,000
D:12,000 美元
US $ 12,000
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:(9000+4*10000+17000)/6=11000,選 C。考點:三點估算 PMBOK 2016 中 7.2.2.5
66、?[單選]?采購訂單屬于哪一種合同類型?
Which contract type is a purchase order?
A:工料合同
Time and material
B:成本加固定酬金合同
CPFF
C:成本補償合同
Cost-reimbursable
D:固定總價合同
Firm fixed-price
正確答案:D?你的答案:D
解析:按照規定的價格交付規定的產品的采購訂單也是固定總價合同的一種
67、?[單選]?識別風險之后,項目團隊對項目結果的影響意見不一致,項目經理首先應該怎么做?
After identifying the risks, the project team does not agree about the impact to the project outcome. What should the project managerdo first?先做定性分析,后做定量分析
A:定量風險分析
Quantitative risk analysis
B:SWOT 分析
SWTO analysis
C:頭腦風暴
Brainstorming
D:定性風險分析
Qualitative risk analysis
正確答案:D?你的答案:A
解析:11.3/實施定性風險分析。項目團隊的風險處理方式會導致風險評估中的偏頗,則應該注意對偏頗進行分析與糾正。BC是識別風險的工具,題目是識別風險后,所以BC是不正確的
68、?[單選]?項目在完工前終止,項目發起人說明終止的原因是由于缺乏資金。項目經理下一步應該采取下列哪一項?
The project is terminated before completion. The project sponsor indicates the reason for the termination is a lack of funds. Which of the following actions should the project manager take next?
A:請求項目發起人尋找其它的項目融資方式,并提出建議,例如向金融機構尋求貸款。
Request the sponsor find alternative ways of funding the project and suggest certain references, e.g. seeking loans from financial institutions.
B:請求另一個項目的項目經理啟動向其它項目注資的步驟。
Request a project manager from another project to initiate steps needed to fund their project.
C:與項目團隊一起集思廣益,尋找出項目融資的來源。
Brainstorm with the project team to find sources of funding for the project.
D:將經驗教訓和歷史信息存入到經驗教訓知識庫,以備未來項目使用
Transfer lessons learned and historical information to the lessons learned knowledge base for used by future projects.
正確答案:D?你的答案:D
解析:指南-4.7.3.4 組織過程資產更新-經驗教訓知識庫,項目或階段收尾時,應把歷史信息和經驗教訓信息存入經驗教訓知識庫,供未來項目或階段使用。
69、?[單選]?項目經理剛剛接受任命去管理一個處于執行階段中期的項目。該項目的項目人員流動率很高。項目經理首先應該做什么?
The project manager has just been assigned to manage a project in the middle of the execution phrase. The project has had a high turnover rate of project resources. What should the project manager do FIRST?
A:組織一個團隊建設活動,改進團隊士氣。
Organize a team-building event to improve team morale.
B:與項目發起人溝通,以獲得保證項目人員的承諾。
Talk to the project sponsor to get commitment for project resources.
C:檢查人員管理計劃
Check the staffing management plan.
D:將最積極的團隊成員調到同一間房間,增強他們作為一個團隊的執行能力。
Move the most active team members to the same room to enhance their ability to perform as a team.
正確答案:A?你的答案:C
解析:提高團隊績效的方法包含培訓、團隊建設活動。
70、?[單選]?產品開發需要外包一部分內容,項目經理制作了一份文件,將會向供應商提供足夠的細節來確定他們是否能夠提供要求的外包部分。項目經理制作的是下列哪一部分文件?
There is a need to outsource part of the product development. The project which will provide sellers with sufficient detail to determine if they can provide the required outsourced component. What document is the project manager developing?
A:范圍說明書
Scope statement
B:信息邀請書
Request for information
C:產品規格書
Product specification
D:工作說明書
Statement of work
正確答案:D?你的答案:D
解析:12.1.3.4 采購工作說明書依據項目范圍基準,為每次采購編制工作說明書(SOW),僅對將要包含在相關合同中的那一部 分項目范圍進行定義。工作說明書會充分詳細地描述擬采購的產品、服務或成果,以便潛在賣方 確定是否有能力提供此類產品、服務或成果。根據采購品的性質、買方的需求,或擬采用的合同形 式,工作說明書的詳細程度會有較大不同。工作說明書的內容包括:規格、所需數量、質量水平、 績效數據、履約期間、工作地點和其他要求。
71、?[單選]?啟動實施項目新系統時會遇到麻煩,由于對項目可交付成果的討論廣泛且矛盾。項目經理離開公司,一個新的項目經理接手這個任務。那么新的項目經理首先應該采取什么行動?
Project to implement a new system has trouble launching due to extensive and contradictory discussions regarding the project deliverables. The project manager leaves the company, and a new project manager is assigned to the task. What should be the first action for the new project manager?
A:正式確定項目管理計劃,并傳達給相關利益方
Formalize the project management plan and communicate this to relevant stakeholders
B:擴大項目發起人,并請求支持處理正在進行的討論
Escalate to the project sponsor and request support in handling the ongoing discussions.
C:制定工作分解結構,并傳達給所有利益相關者
Develop a work breakdown structure and communicate this to all relevant stakeholders.
D:形成一套完整的項目章程,并且能夠得到項目發起人和關鍵利益相關者的支持
Formalize a project charter and request approval from the sponsor and key stakeholders.
正確答案:D?你的答案:C
解析:指南-4.1.3.1項目章程,記錄關于項目和項目預期交付的產品、服務或成果的高層級信息。啟動時遇到麻煩,說明項目章程還沒有被批準,新PM需完成項目章程,并獲得批準和授權。
72、?[單選]?某公司計劃舉行一個區域會議,上次的類似會議沒有成功,上層要求你確保這次會議能夠圓滿成功。為了分析上次會議的問題以及確定成功舉行本次會議,你會用到什么工具?
A company plans to hold a regional meeting, the last such meeting was unsuccessful, and the upper level asks you to ensure that the meeting will be successful. What tools would you use to analyze the problems of the last meeting and determine the successful holding of this meeting?
A:石川圖
Ishikawa Map
B:直方圖
Histogram
C:控制圖
Control chart
D:帕累托圖
Pareto chart
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:見PMBOK 8.2.2.4 ? ?因果圖,又稱“魚骨圖”、“why-why分析圖”和“石川圖”,將問題陳述的原因分解為離散的分支,有助于識別問題的主要原因或根本原因。
73、?[單選]?以下是為項目計算的:掙值=200,000美元計劃價值=300,000美元實際成本=210,000美元項目的狀態是什么?
The following is calculated for the project. Earned value=us$200,000 Planned value=us$300,000 Actual cost=us$210,000 What is the status of the project?
A:進度落后,超過預算
Behind schedule and over budget
B:提前進度,超出預算
Ahead of schedule and over budget
C:進度落后,但不超過預算
Behind schedule and under budget
D:按計劃進行,但超出預算
On schedule and over budget
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:掙值管理(EVM)。CV=EV-AC, SV=EV-PV;SV=200000-300000=-100000;CV=200000-210000=-10000;由于SV和CV都小于0,所以項目狀態為進度落后且超過預算。
74、?[單選]?在一個高端項目中,項目管理辦公室(PMO)主管想要證明項目可交付成果的質量符合組織和法律規章的證據【1】。PMO 主管還需要已確認的所有項目差距和最佳實踐【2】。項目經理應該向 PMO 主管提供下列哪一份文件?
In a high-profile, the project management office (PMO) director want evidence that the quality of the project deliverables conforms to organizational and legal regulations. The PMO direct also want all project gaps and best practices identified. What document should the project manager provide to the PMO director?
A:由內部團隊創建的質量控制文件
Quality control document created by the internal team
B:由內部團隊創建的質量管理文件
Quality management document created by the internal team
C:由外部資源創建的質量控制文件
Quality control document created by an external source
D:由獨立資源創建的質量控制文件
Quality control document created by an independent source
正確答案:B?你的答案:A
解析:見 PMBOK 8.1.3.1 質量管理計劃是項目管理計劃的組成部分,描述將如何實施組織的質量政策,以及項目管理團隊準備如何達到項目的質量要求,項目管理計劃是由項目團隊創建的。
【1】應該用內部團隊創建的質量管理文件;
【2】應該用外部團隊創建的質量審計文件。
所以嚴格意義上,此題沒有正確答案。質量管理關注過程,質量控制關注結果。
75、?[單選]?一名新團隊成員加入項目。由于新團隊成員之前在公司沒有任何經驗,項目經理建議項目成員審閱公司以往項目的項目文件。這是利用下列哪一項的實例?
A new team member joins a project. Because the new team member does not have any previous experience with the company, the project manager recommends that the team member review project files from the company’s previous projects. This is an example of leveraging which of the following?
A:基礎實施
Infrastructure
B:項目管理信息系統
Project management information systems
C:組織過程資產
Organizational process assets
D:事業環境因素
Enterprise environmental factors
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:所屬過程組:規劃過程組。所屬知識領域:項目整合管理。解析:公司之前的項目文件就是經驗教訓,屬于組織過程資產
76、?[單選]?項目團隊成員認為能夠獨立工作,并認為項目經理信任他們能在不嚴密管理團隊的情況下完成任務。項目經理證明的是哪一種管理方式?
Project team members think they can do work independently and believe that the project manager trusts them to deliver their tasks without managing the team closely. Which management style does the project manager demonstrate?
A:歸屬需求
Need for Affiliation
B:X理論
Theory X
C:Y理論
Theory Y
D:權力需求
Need for Power
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:所屬過程組:執行過程組。所屬知識領域:項目資源管理。解析:七大激勵理論之麥格雷戈的X-Y理論。X—Y理論(Theory X-Theory Y)主要是對人性的根本性理解。一個是性本惡——X理論,一個是性本善——Y理論。因此選C。X理論:(1)員工天生不喜歡工作,只要可能,就會逃避工作。(2)由于員工不喜歡工作,因此必須對他們采取強制的措施或懲罰的辦法,迫使他們去實現組織的目標。(3)員工只要有可能就會逃避責任,安于現狀。(4)大多數員工喜歡安逸,沒有雄心壯志。Y理論:(1)員工視工作如休息、娛樂一般自然。(2)如果員工對某項工作做出承諾,他們會進行自我指導和自我控制,以完成任務。(3)一般而言,每個人不僅能夠承擔責任,而且會主動尋求承擔責任。(4)絕大多數人都具備做出正確決策的能力,而不僅僅管理者具備這一能力。
77、?[單選]?一名關鍵的項目相關方要求團隊成員對某項功能進行了一些小修改。團隊成員認為該變更所涉及的時間很短。因此在沒有通知項目經理的情況下,就實施了變更。在確認范圍期間,項目經理發現了團隊成員的修改。在執行詳細的分析之后,項目經理發現團隊成員的初步分析并不完整。這項修改需要投入額外的人工量和時間。項目經理下一步應該怎么做?
A key project stakeholder requests that a team member make a small modification to a feature. The team member decides the change could be incorporated in a short timeframe. The team member implements the change without informing the project manager. During validate scope, the project manager finds out about the team member’s modification. After conducting a detailed analysis, the project manager finds that the team member’s initial analysis was incomplete and the modification needed additional effort and time. What should the project manager do next?
A:撤銷團隊成員所包含的變更,執行下一個階段,同時通知項目相關方。
Proceed to the next stage by revoking the change incorporated by the team member and informing the stakeholder accordingly
B:與項目相關方討論該變更的重要性,強調對成本和進度的進一步影響。如果項目相關方堅持要將該變更包含在內,向變更控制委員會報告該變更,以獲得批準。
Discuss with the stakeholder the importance of the change, highlighting the further impact on the cost and schedule. If the stakeholder insists on including the change, report the change to the change control board for approval.
C:通知項目相關方由于變更對成本和進度的進一步影響。在目前項目所處的階段,不能將變更包含在內
Inform the stakeholder about the further impact on cost and schedule due to the change. In the current stage of the project, the change cannot be included.
D:將項目相關方直接與團隊成員交流的事上報給項目發起人
Escalate to the sponsor about the stakeholder directly interacting with the team member.
正確答案:B?你的答案:B
解析:由4.6實施整體變更控制的基本原理 AD 明顯錯誤。BC 相比,B 按照變更流程進行,選 B。記住:CCB 的責任是接收與審查變更請求,并批準或否決這些請求。另外,CCB 決策都應記錄在案,并傳遞給相關方,以便采取后續措施
78、?[單選]?項目完成時,客戶根據對應供應商績效的主觀決定,拒絕支付其中一部分總金額,合同應屬于下列哪一項?
At a project’s completion, the customer refuses to pay a portion of the total amount based on a subjective determination of the vendor’s performance. The contract would be which of the following?
A:成本加獎勵費用合同
Cost-plus-award-fee
B:固定總價合同
Firm-fixed-price
C:成本加激勵費用合同
Cost-plus-incentive-fee
D:固定總價加激勵費用合同
Fixed-price-incentive-fee
正確答案:A?你的答案:A?
解析:見PMBOK6/12.1.1.6/組織過程資產-合同類型:成本加獎勵費用 (CPAF)。為賣方報銷一切合法成本,但只有在賣方滿足合同規定的、某些籠 統主觀的績效標準的情況下,才向賣方支付大部分費用。獎勵費用完全由買方根據自己對 賣方績效的主觀判斷來決定,并且通常不允許申訴。
79、?[單選]?一客戶給你一復雜項目的采購工作說明書,該項目為期 8 個月,未知的東西不多。客戶只要你將它完成,只要在 8 月末你交付項目的時候見你。在這種情況下,下列哪種做法最好?
A customer has given you a contract statement of work for a complex, eight month project that has a few unknowns. The customer has asked you to just get it done and onlywants to see you at the end of eight months when you deliver the finished project. Under these circumstances, which of the following is the BEST thing to do?
A:按要求完成項目,但是一直與客戶時不時地確認其范圍
Complete the project as requested, but validate its scope with the customer occasionally throughout.
B:在 8 個月內完成項目,期間不聯系客戶
Complete the project within eight months without contacting the customer during this time.
C:讓管理層時不時地和客戶聯系
Ask management to check in with the customer occasionally.
D:完成項目,但是記錄下客戶不想聯系
Complete the project, but document that the customer did not want contact. Procurement Management Answers
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:指南-5.5確認范圍,是正式驗收已完成的項目可交付成果的過程。本過程的主要作用是,使驗收過程具有客 觀性;同時通過確認每個可交付成果,來提高最終產品、服務或成果獲得驗收的可能性。
80、?[單選]?項目團隊制作了一份圖表,將已識別風險的類別和子類別聯系起來。項目團隊正在制作下列哪一項?
The project team prepares a chart linking the categories and subcategories of identified risks. Which of the following is the project team doing?
A:風險登記冊
Risk register
B:風險分解結構
Risk breakdown structure
C:定性風險分析
Qualitative risk analysis
D:定量風險分析
Quantitative risk analysis
正確答案:B?你的答案:B
解析:出處:11.1.3.11. 對單個項目風險進行分類通常借助風險分解結構,風險分解結構是潛在風險來源的層級展現;2. 風險分解結構有助于項目團隊考慮單個項目風險的全部可能來源,對識別風險或歸類已識別風險特別有用。
81、?[單選]?項目包括 1000 多個工作包為期兩年,項目 CPI 為 1. 18, SPI 為 0. 88。項目經理應采用何種方法處理該情況?
The project has more than 1,000 work packages, and is two years long. It is performing with CPI=1.18 and SPI=0.88. What technique should the project manager use to solve this situation?
A:關鍵路徑法
Critical path method
B:資源平衡
Resource leveling
C:趕進度
Crashing
D:PERT
PERT
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:進度落后了,成本節約了,可以采用趕工的進度壓縮技術來按計劃執行,所以選 C。參見 指南-6.5.2.6。考點:進度壓縮、趕工。
82、?[單選]?項目經理向項目贊助人通知了一項重大項目超支,贊助人想知道為什么沒有在贊助人反饋前較早通知該情況,項目經理本應采取何種措施解決該問題
A project manager advises the project sponsors of a significant project cost overrun. The sponsors want to know why they were not advised earlier of this situation. What should the project manager have done to address this issue prior to the sponsors' feedback?
A:制定溝通計劃,處理項目利害關系者的需求
Create a communication plan to address the needs of the project stakeholders
B:邀請項目贊助人參加團隊會議進行定期更新
Invite the project sponsors to team meeting for regular updates
C:將意外支出加入項目預算,從而將超支納入項目成本
Add contingency to the project budget so overspend is absorbed into project costs
D:消減項目資源以緊急彌補成本超支
Cut back on project resources to the project to recover cost overrun as a matter of urgency
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:解析:根據題干描述,是溝通問題導致的這種情況,所以參考答案 A。參見PMBOK第6版 中 10.1.3.1 。考點:溝通管理計劃。
83、?[單選]?在項目規劃階段,項目經理認識到與其中一名項目相關方在項目可交付成果方面的理解存在差異,從而造成與該項目相關方的關系緊張。要解決這個問題,項目經理應該怎么做?
During the planning phase of a project, the project manager realized that there are differences on the understanding of the project deliverables with a project stakeholder, which results in a strained relationship with that stakeholder. What should the project manager do to address this issue?
A:忽視該項目相關方
Ignore the stakeholder
B:安排一次與該項目相關方的會議,了解造成理解差異的原因,并予以解決
Arrange a session with the stakeholder to understand the reasons behind the differences and address them
C:將該問題報給項目發起人,讓他們為項目經理解決這個問題
Escalate it to the sponsor so that they can sort it out for the project manager
D:讓其他團隊成員說服項目的相關方妥協
Ask the other team members to convince the stakeholder to back down
正確答案:B?你的答案:B
解析:解決問題首先要了解問題的原因,然后通過分析制定應對方案,建立決策。參考附錄G。
84、?[單選]?項目管理團隊等到可交付成果或子項目澄清后才能制定詳細的工作分解結構,這種情況下,該選擇下面哪項技術?
Which of the following is a technique where the project management team elect until the deliverable or subproject is clarified so that the detail of the work breakdown structure can be developed?
A:疊加式規劃
Roll-up planning
B:自上而下規劃
Top-down planning
C:滾動式規劃
Rolling wave planning
D:自下而上規劃
Bottom-up planning
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:見 PMBOK6/6.2.2.3/滾動式規劃。滾動式規劃是一種迭代式規劃技術,即詳細規劃近期要完成的工作,同時在較高層級上粗略規劃遠期工作。
85、?[單選]?在一個項目測試階段,項目團隊發現了缺陷,項目團隊應該使用什么工具來確保缺陷已被識別并記錄?
During project’s text phase, the project team finds defects. What tool should the project team use to ensure the defect are identified and recorded?
A:直方圖
Histogram
B:流程圖
Flowchart
C:核查表
Checklist
D:因果圖
Cause and effect diagram
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:8.3.2 控制質量: 工具與技術 8.3.2.1 數據收集 核查表:又稱計數表,用于合理排列各種事項,以便有效地收集關于潛在質量問題的 有用數據。
86、?[單選]?如果項目因某些活動時間限制而無法如期完工,客戶對這些活動可做出何種推測?
If the project cannot be completed as scheduled due to certain activity time limits, what assumptions can the customer make about these activities?
A:開始時間不切實際
Start time impractical
B:資源不足
Insufficient resources
C:最晚的開始時間, 晚于最早的結束時間
The latest start time, later than the earliest end time
D:他們存在浮動時間
They have floating time
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:C、D 選項表達的意思一致,但浮動時間與工期延誤間無必然聯系,題干強調時間限制導致完工延期,應與計劃有關。
87、?[單選]?從前一個項目中學到的經驗教訓對當前的項目范圍說明書會產生什么影響?
How should lessons learned from a previous project affect a current scope statement?
A:由于工作分解結構是完整的,經驗教訓對范圍說明書不會產生影響.?
Science the work breakdown structure is complete,lessons learned will have no impact on the scope statement
B:如果不忽視經驗教訓,范圍說明書的制定會更快
The scope statement will develop more quickly than when the lessons learned are ignored
C:在當前的范圍說明書中,將不大可能會重復過去的錯誤或疏忽失誤.?
The past mistakes or errors of omission are less likely to be repeated in the current scope statement.
D:經驗教訓不會受到經驗教訓知識庫的影響,因為所有項目都是獨特的.?
The scope statement will be unaffected by the lessons learned knowledge base, because all projects are unique.
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:指南-2.3.2組織知識庫。
88、?[單選]?某天晚上下班的時候,由于司機休假,你們公司的 CEO 不得不自己開車。但是他怎么也找不到出樓的路,加上他本來已經比較疲憊了,所以他感到非常惱火。第二天就找人要改善本樓的出入系統,以方便大家進出。而你正是這個出入系統的項目經理,你決定用流程圖來做什么事情?
After a long and frustrating day, your company CEO found himself circling the attendant’s booth at the adjacent parking garage in a futile attempt to find his way out of the building (his limousine driver had taken the day off). He approached the building manager the next day and said he would have his staff design an improved system for vehicle egress and ingress. You are the project manager for this project. You decide to use flowcharting to
A:幫助分析問題是如何出現的
Help analyze how problems occur
B:表明任務之間的依賴關系
Show dependencies between tasks
C:說明一個流程的結果
Show the results of a process
D:預測未來成果
Forecast future outcomes
正確答案:A?你的答案:B
解析:見PMBOK 8.1.2.5 ?流程圖,用來顯示在一個或多個輸入轉化成一個或多個輸出的過程中,所需要的步驟順序和可能分支。可幫助改進過程并識別可能出現質量缺陷或可以納入質量檢查的地方。
89、?[單選]?項目經理完成三個月的工作,成本偏差為$-3,000美元,掙值分析顯示下列哪一項?
A Project manager completes three months of work with a cost variance of $-3,000. Which of the following does the earned value analysis show?
A:有利;項目的執行效率比計劃高
Favorable; the project is performing more efficiently than planned
B:不利;項目的執行效率比計劃低
Unfavorable; the project is performing less efficiently than planned
C:有利;項目提前于進度
Favorable; the project is ahead of schedule
D:不利;項目落后于進度
Unfavorable; the project is behind of schedule
正確答案:B?你的答案:B
解析:PMBOBK 第六版 7.4.2.2,偏差分析。成本偏差小于0,代表項目成本超支,項目執行效率低。
90、?[單選]?應急儲備應:
The cost reserve should be:
A:隱蔽,以防止管理層不批準該項資金
Hidden to prevent management from disallowing the reserve
B:加到每項任務上,以防止客戶知道該儲備金的存在
Added to each task to preserve the customer from knowing that a reserve exists
C:由管理層掌握,用來填補成本超支
Maintained by management to cover cost overruns
D:加到項目的基本成本上,用來解決風險問題
Added to the base costs of the project to account for risks
正確答案:D?你的答案:D
解析:7.2.2.6和7.3.2.2 在風險管理過程中,你為風險事件確定適當的成本儲備。這些儲備的總和加到項目的總估算上,用來填補風險事件發生的成本。此處的儲備既可以理解成應急費用,也可以理解成應急儲備。
91、?[單選]?在質量控制期間,項目經理發現超出產品A的控制限值結果比質量測量指標中規定的頻率高.項目經理決定啟動質量審計. 誰應該執行質量審計?
During quality control ,the project manager discover results that exceed the control limits for product A more often than stated in the quality metrics. The project manager decider to initiate a quality audit. Who should perform the audit?
A:公司或外部審計員
Company or external auditors
B:負責產品A 的團隊成員
The team member responsible for product
C:其他團隊成員
Other team members
D:項目經理
The project manager
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:PMBOK第6版 中8.2.2.5審計,質量審計通常由項目外部的團隊開展,如組織內部審計部門、項目管理辦公室 (PMO) 或組織外部 的審計師。
92、?[單選]?項目的進度績效指數為 0.5,成本績效指數為 0.25,當第一個里程碑接近完成時,項目經理會引導第一次相關方會議溝通項目狀態。在項目的這個時候,項目經理應該做什么?
The project’s schedule performance index is 0.5 and the cost performance index is 0.2.When the first milestone near completion, the project manager will conduct the first stakeholder communicate the project’s status. At this point in the project, what should the project manager do ?
A:向項目相關方提供有關項目狀態的正面反饋
Provide stakeholders with positive feedback about the project status
B:召開一次團隊會議,討論將項目恢復正常進度并符合預算的方法
A team meeting to discuss the project back to normal schedule and is in line with the budget method
C:向相關方溝通項目符合進度,但超出預算
Notify stakeholder that project in line with the schedule, over budget
D:提交一項變更請求,增加工期和預算
Raise a change request, increase the time limit for a project and budget
正確答案:B?你的答案:B
解析:項目目前績效:進度落后計劃,成本超過預算,需要通過變更控制手段來優化項目的績效表現。所以此時應當按照整體變更控制流程由項目經理帶領團隊一起就各類糾正績效的備選方案進行討論。A,只說正面反饋,報喜不報憂是不對的;C,SPI只有0.5,虛報進度也是不對的 D,說法沒有錯,但需要在B之后才去做
93、?[單選]?你剛剛收到客戶對項目的正式確認,你下一步應該做的是
You have just received formal acceptance of the project from your customer. Your next step should be to
A:把接受到的確認文件分發給其他的項目相關方
Distribute the acceptance documentation to other stakeholders as appropriate
B:把接受到的確認文件歸入項目檔案
File the acceptance documentation in the project archives
C:同員工一起整理在這個項目中獲取的經驗和教訓
Document lessons learned with your staff
D:進行項目審核
Conduct a project audit
正確答案:A?你的答案:D
解析:指南-5.5.3.1 確認范圍-輸出-1.驗收的可交付成 果:符合驗收標準的可交付成果應該由客戶或發起人正式簽字批準。應該從客戶或發起人那里獲得正式文件,證明相關方對項目可交付成果的正式驗收。
94、?[單選]?項目經理發展團隊會議由于主導討論的人遲到而中斷。若要提高團隊會議的效率,項目經理應怎么做?
Project Manager Development Team meeting was cancelled due to the person leading the discussion being late. To improve the effectiveness of team meetings, what should the project manager do?
A:使用專業引導師。
Use a professional facilitator
B:認可按時到達的團隊成員。
Recognize team members who arrive on time.
C:為團隊會議設定基本規則。
Set ground rules for team meetings.
D:開展團隊建設活動。
Conduct team-building exercises.
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:9.1.3.2 團隊章程。團隊章程對項目團隊成員的可接受行為確定了明確的期望。盡早認可并遵守明確的規則,有助于減少誤解,提高生產力;討論諸如行為規范、溝通、決策、會議禮儀等領域,團隊成員可以了解彼 此重要的價值觀。由團隊制定或參與制定的團隊章程可發揮最佳效果。所有項目團隊成員都分擔責任,確保遵守團隊章程中規定的規則。
95、?[單選]?一家跨國公司聘用了一家施工公司來為其全球總部建設一座20層的辦公大樓,項目發起人要求辦公大樓增加第21層,這層辦公樓未在原始計劃中,項目經理要求發起人批準標準的項目變更請求。但是,項目發起人拒絕并認為電子郵件批準已經足夠充分。下列哪一份文件將避免這種類型的問題?
A multinational company hires a construction firm to build a 20-floor office tower for its world headquarters. The project sponsor requests a 21th floor be added to the tower. This floor was not in the original plan. The project manager asks the sponsor to approve the standard project change request. However the sponsor refuses and believes an email approval should be sufficient. Which of the following documents would prevent this type of issue?
A:定義明確并被批準的變更管理計劃
Well-defined and approved change management plan
B:詳細的變更請求登記冊
Detailed change request register
C:詳細并批準的工作分解結構
Detailed and approved work breakdown structure
D:合同簽署授權矩陣
Contractual signing authority matrix
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:4.2.3.1 項目管理計劃-變更管理計劃。變更管理計劃用來明確如何對變更進行監控。
96、?[單選]?一家跨國公司希望擴張組織。其擴張計劃的其中一部分包括在選定地理位置建立一系列分支機構。項目發起人已經草擬了項目章程,現在正在尋求項目經理的幫助,最終確定項目章程的內容。以下是當前版本項目章程的摘錄。項目章程摘錄:總體目的,擴大公司在成長市場的影響力,向私人客戶提供更多的本地接入服務。目標:=-建立多個分支機構。=-增加私人客戶的數量=-提供一系列服務。高層次風險:=-對當地條件、和法規的認識有限=-快速發展的不穩定市場=-大量競爭對手都在關注相同的機會。為了提高驗收成功的機會,我們應該怎么樣來進一步完善項目章程呢?
An international company is locking to expand its organization. Part of this expansion plan includes establishing a series of branch offices in selected geographical locations. The project charter has been drafted by the sponsor .who is now seeking the project manager’s help finalizing the content. Below is an excerpt of the current version of the charter. Project charter excerpt: Overall purpose; expand the company’s presence in growing marking markets and offer more local access to private customers. Objectives: -Establish a number of branch offices. -Increase the number of private customers -Offer a range of services. High level risks: -Limited knowledge of local conditions, rules and regulations -A rapidly developing unstable market -Large number of competitors looking at the same opportunities What should be further improved in the project charter to increase the chances of a successful completion and acceptance?
A:明確該項目的目的,以更好的明確總體目標
Improve the project’s purpose to clarify the overall goal
B:制定一套完善的風險應對策略
Improve the risks by developing a set of clear risk response strategies
C:改進目標,明確每個人的措施和方法
Improve the objectives and add definitive measure to each of them
D:撇開憲章,而是轉換到項目管理計劃上
Leave the charter and start converting this into a project management plan
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:指南-4.1.3.1項目章程,總體的目標、里程碑、風險等,沒有具體的目標和風險規劃,但是需要包括衡量項目目標成功的標準。
97、?[單選]?該項目的教訓是在整個項目中對歷史信息的不恰當運用,那么應使用以下何種工具來找到這個問題的原因呢?
The project’s lessons learned documentation demonstrates a poor use of historical information throughout the project, which of the following tools should be used to find the causes of this issue?
A:魚骨圖
Fishbone diagram
B:控制圖
Control charts
C:流程圖
Flowcharting
D:直方圖
Histogram
正確答案:A?你的答案:A
解析:因果圖,又稱魚骨圖或石川圖。問題陳述放在魚骨的頭部,作為起點,用來追溯問題來源,回推到可行動的根本原因。在問題陳述中,通常把問題描述為一個要被彌補的差距或要達到的目標。通過看問題陳述和問“為什么”來發現原因,直到發現可行動的根本原因,或者列盡每根魚骨上的合理可能性。要在被視為特殊偏差的不良結果與非隨機原因之間建立聯系,魚骨圖往往是行之有效的。
98、?[單選]?該建設項目的項目經理的申請獲得批準變更單,以提供具體的支持。這個變更使用蒙特卡羅模擬分析,但是忽略了天氣情況。此外,項目團隊成員戶外工作的身體傷害風險沒有考慮進去。這項工程必須按時完成,因為本地的節日要在此地舉行。項目經理接下來應該怎么做?
The project manager for a construction project acquires the approval on a change order to provide additional concrete foundations. This change is analyzed using a Monte Carlo simulation but weather conditions are overlooked. Also, the risk of physical harm to the team members performing the outdoor work was not considered. The project must be finished on time, as part of the foundation for venue of a local festival. What should the project manager do next?
A:接受項目進入違約,并為未按合同規定時間完成范圍支付賠償金
Accept that the project goes into default, and pay the price for not finishing scope on time as stipulated in the contract
B:堅持原始計劃,并啟動變更撤銷程序
Stick to the original plan and reversal procedure
C:咨詢項目發起人,并與主要相關方會面,尋找替代方案
Consult the project sponsor and meet with the major stakeholders to look for alternatives
D:將這個新情況保留在項目團隊內部,并希望天氣發生變化,允許完成項目
Keep this new knowledge within the project team, and hope for a change in temperature that will allow completion of the project
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:考點:指導與管理項目工作。出處:PMBOK 中 4.3 指導與管理項目工作。說明:變更請求已經獲得批準,但在執行時發現變更請求本身存在問題。因此必須執行變更請求以前,重新尋找替代方案。
99、?[單選]?項目團隊正從客戶和項目相關方那里收集所有需求和項目范圍。負責該項目的項目經理正在嘗試完成項目章程。項目經理應該使用下列哪一項工具和技術?
The project team is collecting all the requirements and scope from the customer and stakeholders. The project manager in charge of the project is trying to complete the chart. What tool and technique should the project manager use?
A:范圍分析
Scope decomposition
B:專家判斷
Expert judgment
C:排列活動順序
D:項目進度安排
Project scheduling
正確答案:B?你的答案:A
解析:參考 PMBOK第6版 中 4.1.2.1。制定章程屬于項目早期工作,決策多通過專家判斷完成。
100、?[單選]?結束項目階段,需要執行信息編制,作為項目的歷史紀錄。文件評估了項目的整體成功性,包括項目的優勢、劣勢、組織以及用于獲得結果的技術。這個信息收集過程稱作什么?
At the conclusion of a project, there is a compilation of information that serves as the memory and history of the project. That document evaluates the overall success of the project including its strengths and weakness, organization and techniques used to get results. What is the collection of information called?
A:項目相關方的反饋
Stakeholder feed back
B:項目實施后的審計
Post-implementation audit
C:經驗教訓
Lesson learned
D:最終項目報告
Final project report
正確答案:C?你的答案:C
解析:組織過程資產更新--把歷史信息和經驗教訓信息存入經驗教訓知識庫,供未來項目或階段使用。可包括問題與風險的信息,以及適用于未來項目的有效技術的信息。每一個階段的輸出是下一階段的輸入。項目收尾階段更新組織過程資產,其中包含經驗教訓。