看荒野求生類節目的時候， 總是被貝爾們的“能吃”給驚到，在各種極端情況下，依然能活得生龍活虎的貝爾們，靠的可不光是發達的四肢，他們也都是一群有科學技術的人。
When watching those survivors shows, I am always astonished by the "Bears" (I am sure you heard about Bear Gryllis) " that they can almost eat anything, ?and still live full of vim and vigor; they are not only robust but also have abundant technological knowledge.
下面就讓單挑荒野里又牛又萌的德哥來給我們來演示一下， 當被困于無淡水可飲用的情況下，如何做個污水過濾器，讓自己活下去：
Ed from Marooned with Ed Stafford showed us how to make a sewage filter when you face a situation when you don't have fresh water.
德哥自制過濾器，過濾不能喝的污水
而這種以實地情況為考量，因地制宜，就地取材，制作而成的科技, 被稱為適切科技
This kind of technology that is designed to be "appropriate" to the context of its use is called Appropriate Technology (AT)
適切科技無需投入過多的的勞動力或資源， 操作簡單，便于維護，技術門檻較低。 因此不僅僅可以幫助我們荒野求生，同時也可以在資源匱乏，經濟落后的國家得到廣泛的使用。
"This form of "appropriate technology" usually prefers labor-intensive solutions over capital-intensive ones, although labor-saving devices are also valuable, provided this does not mean high capital, maintenance cost or environmental impact." (Source: Wikipedia)
另外，適切科技擁有永續的特性， 與在地人文地理環境處于共生的狀態，因此技術的使用，在不破壞環境和地景的情況下，可以永續的被運用。
Appropriate technology can also be built and serviced largely using locally available materials and knowledge, with minimal input from outside. Most of the appropriate technologies are sustainable (less pollution), small and appropriate.
要是德哥用的是木棍而不是塑料杯作為過濾器，就是個完美的污水過濾器了。
And if the sewage filter created by Ed is made from wood instead of plastic, it will be also sustainable.
我很喜歡適切科技提倡的一個理念「一個人性化的科技，事實上是可能存活的，而且重新將人和他技巧的雙手以及有創造力的大腦，與生產程序結合在一起。它使用大量人力來生產而不是大量生產」?？萍紤撌蔷哂锌沙掷m性的，而不是因濫用而肆意得對空氣造成污染，對水資源造成破壞，更不應該讓人類成為科技的奴隸。
The concept of the AT is very impressive:the power of technology should be produced and used artfully and the benefits should be close to the individual and widely produced and distributed in a decentralized way.
Technology should be sustainable, using fewer natural resources, creating less air pollution and water contamination, and designed to serve humans and avoid making them the servants of machines.
適切科技在發展中國家有著廣泛的應用，比如德哥做的這類污水處理器，在經濟落后，污染嚴重的地區， 簡單的污水處理器就能幫助千萬民眾喝上放心水，而不用花費巨資去購買什么濾水器。
Appropriate technology in the developing countries have a wide range of applications, for example we can use the sewage filter in the poor areas, where a simple sewage filter will be able to help millions of people to access safe drinking water without spending lots of money on expensive water filter.
產品設計+適切科技：剝玉米神器的故事
Project Design + Appropriate Technology: Corn Sheller
但有趣的是，在為發展中國家設計適切科技其實是一件特別的挑戰，除了資源少之外， 對發展中國家日常生活和價值觀的無所了解也會造成偽需求的產生。
Designing AT tools for developing countries can be a challenge; besides there is a lack of resources, the inventors have little or no experience of the daily life in developing areas which can pose difficulty to envision how people might use an invention, or whether that invention satisfies a need at all.
Compatible Technology International 的工程師在訪問危地馬拉的時候，發現當地的女性花費了巨大的時間用手剝玉米。 這是一個機械性重復性很高的累活。
Compatible Technology International visited Guatemala and observed women hand-shelling corn. They found out the shelling process was a labor-intensive work.
于是工程師在瞄準問題后， 很快的就用木頭，在中間挖了個洞后做了一個簡易的刨玉米工具。 這樣只需要將玉米塞到木棍里，玉米粒就能快速被剝落了，生產力可謂是大幅提高。 于是，工程師們很快的制作了更多的剝玉米工具， 捐獻給了當地的婦女。
Engineers invented a new tool: ?they made a corn-sheller out of piece of wood with a hole in the middle; it helped the women to fasten their work by only pushing the ear of the corn through the hole and then shaving the kernels from the cob. After testing the tool the engineers quickly made more and donated to the locals.
萬萬沒想到，幾個月之后當工程師再回來的時候， 他發現當地女性剝玉米的畫風又變回去了，剝玉米神器被束之高閣，原來當地的婦女告訴他們，“謝謝你的發明，這的確讓工作變得很容易。但剝玉米的時間是我們用來談論男人，學校和孩子的時候，你的設備使我們工作得太快了?！?/p>
But when they returned months later, they found the women still hand-shelled the corn. The women told them, that they are really grateful because it is a wonderful and very useful invention which makes their lives easier, but the opinion of men, school and kids was different, they said that it is way too fast for them.
此處心疼工程師0.1秒。
這其實也是個很好的適切科技的例子，或許更適合咱們城里人用。
Actually this is a good example for Appropriate Technology, but probably more suitable for the people in urban areas.
生態設計+適切科技：具有可持續發展力的干式洗手間
Ecology design + Appropriate Technology
雖然之前，生活在亞馬遜地區的丘雅人（Achuar）是半游牧民族，但自20世紀60年代末以來，他們已過上了定居的生活。然而隨著主要生活方式的改變，水衛生的問題導致了嬰兒死亡率的上升。而亞馬遜地區也并沒有下水管道和衛生設施。因此普通的濕式廁所就并不適合這些地方。
Though, before late 1960s, the Achuar were semi-nomadic, but since then, they have only settled in Amazon. However, with the change of major lifestyle , water sanitation issues led to increasing rates of infant mortality. And there is no access to plumbing and water sanitation facilities , so the traditional wet toilets can not be installed there .
于是，在發現這個問題之后，由Pachamama聯盟和Pachamama基金會合作發起的叢林媽媽項目（Jungle Mamas program）在亞馬遜叢林建造了安裝和維護都相對簡單的堆肥馬桶。堆肥廁所是干式洗手間，其分解過程比傳統的濕式廁所快。他們可以使用天然除臭劑和液體吸收劑，如泥炭苔。
Therefore, in order to improve the community health, the Jungle Mamas program installed the Composting toilets, which are relatively simple to install and maintain. They can use natural deodorizers and liquid absorbers such as peat moss.
堆肥廁所是一個合理的選擇，因為它們可以幫助他們改善當地衛生問題，而不會損害他們的原始環境。這是一種保持傳統的生活方式的方式，同時，對當地人的健康和自然環境的保護也產生了積極的影響。
Composting toilets were a logical choice, for they would help them improve local sanitation issues without damaging their pristine environment. It was a choice geared towards preserving their traditional ways of life while improving their standards of living.
今夏, Upbeing 將走進四川丹巴，讓我們一起在那里發現問題，探索制作滿足當地真實需求的適切科技產品。堅決不走剝玉米器工程師的老路。??????
This summer, Upbeing is going to Sichuan Danba, we are going to do a field research to find the real problems, to develop the appropriate technology tools that meet the needs of the local people
你是不是已經摩拳擦掌按耐不住了呢，趕快加入我們一起，一起行動。??????Come and join us!
Cosplay 般的項目孵化營是什么節奏？ | 社區行動學院
參考：
Appropriate Technology
https://www.pachamama.org/appropriate-technology
10 cases of Appropriate Technology
http://listverse.com/2010/06/12/10-cases-of-appropriate-technology/
簡介「適切科技」
https://permacultureinhsinchu.wordpress.com/2015/05/19/%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B%E3%80%8C%E9%81%A9%E5%88%87%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E3%80%8D/
