一、同位語從句細(xì)講

1. 當(dāng)從句是陳述句的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)詞用 that

注意：

① 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞 that 無含義，不充當(dāng)成分，不可省略。

② 同位語從句與其說明的名詞或代詞為同一內(nèi)容，故可以用 is 把前邊的中心詞和從句連接成一個(gè)句子。

③ 同位語從句和先行詞之間沒有逗號(hào)。

2. 當(dāng)從句時(shí)一般疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用 whether（是否）

舉例：

① 它是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)這個(gè)問題取決于結(jié)果。

【翻譯】 The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.

② 他們正面臨是否依然從事教育行業(yè)的問題。

【翻譯】 They are faced with the problem whether they are still in teaching industry.

③ 他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。

【翻譯】 He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.

④ 他還沒有下是否確定要考研的決定。

【翻譯】 He hasn't made up his mind whether he will take the postgraduate entrance exam.

3. 當(dāng)從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞

① 誰應(yīng)該去和公司談判這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)考慮。

【翻譯】 The problem who should negotiate with the company needs careful consideration.

② 他在文城呆了多久這個(gè)問題至今都是一個(gè)謎。

【翻譯】 The question how long he stayed in Wencheng remains a mystery.

二、寫作之同位語從句

1. 寫作

① 你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。

【翻譯】 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

② 溫室里的花朵不能經(jīng)受風(fēng)雨這個(gè)事實(shí)表明，父母不應(yīng)該溺愛孩子。

【翻譯】 The fact that flowers in the greenhouse fail to suffer storms indicates that kids should never be spoiled by their parents.

③ 中國(guó)的小學(xué)教育是否應(yīng)該引入英語，這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)引起廣泛的討論。

【翻譯】 The question whether English should be introduced into Chinese primary schools has caused a wide-ranging discussion.

④ 他在文城呆了多久這個(gè)問題至今都是一個(gè)謎。

【翻譯】 The question how long he stayed in Wencheng remains a mystery.

⑤ 經(jīng)過很多天的思考，我得出一個(gè)結(jié)論：婚姻是愛情的墳?zāi)埂?/p>

【翻譯】After many days of reflection , I came to a conclusion that marrige was really the tomb of love.

2. 長(zhǎng)難句分析

如何識(shí)別同位語從句？

答：只要在名詞后面見到有引導(dǎo)詞出現(xiàn)，暫定為同位語從句（更可能是定語從句，90%是定語從句）。具體是什么講定語從句的時(shí)候會(huì)講。

如果同位語從句比較簡(jiǎn)單，翻譯時(shí)則放在名詞（短語）的前面；如果比較復(fù)雜，則采取后置的方法，用“那就是”“即”或“ ：”連接名詞（短語）和從句。

① Evidence that the Love Life Program produces lasting changes is limited.

【翻譯】證明“熱愛生命”活動(dòng)能產(chǎn)生持久變化的證據(jù)是有限的。

② With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines.

【翻譯】據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，到 2050 年，全球人口將接近 100 億，而一些地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要增加近一倍才能跟上人口增長(zhǎng)的步伐，因此，糧食安全問題日益成為媒體關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。

③ Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

【翻譯】人們擔(dān)心證人可能會(huì)受到慫恿，在法庭上夸大事實(shí)以確保法庭對(duì)被告做出有罪的判決。

④ For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.

【翻譯】多年以來，高管和獵頭一直遵循這樣一條規(guī)則：最具吸引力的首席執(zhí)行官候選人是那些必須被挖過來的人。

⑤ Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

【翻譯】盡管有大量的證據(jù)表明，教師的素質(zhì)是最重要的變量，但教師工會(huì)一直反對(duì)淘汰較差的教師，提拔優(yōu)秀的教師。

⑥ Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

【翻譯】不幸的父母很少受刺激去思考他們是否不該要孩子，但是不幸的無子女者卻被這樣的信息所困擾——孩子是世界上唯一最重要的東西，很明顯，他們的痛苦一定是由生活中沒有孩子的缺憾直接造成的。

⑦ Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.（5個(gè)同位語從句解釋principle）

【翻譯】許多美國(guó)人認(rèn)為陪審團(tuán)制度是重要的民主價(jià)值觀的具體體現(xiàn)，包括以下原則：符合最低年齡和文化水平要求的所有公民都同樣有資格擔(dān)任陪審團(tuán)成員；陪審員應(yīng)該從具有代表性的社會(huì)各階層成員中隨機(jī)挑選；任何公民都不應(yīng)因種族、宗教、性別或民族出身而被剝奪擔(dān)任陪審員的權(quán)利；被告有權(quán)接受同齡人的審判；判決應(yīng)該代表社會(huì)的良知，而不僅僅是法律條文的體現(xiàn)。