THE AGE OF MIGRATIONS
600-1100
After the western Roman Empire collapsed, people started migrating to new areas, sometimes by invasion and conquest, sometimes through peaceful settlement.
In Northern European areas, Germanic, Frankish, and Norse-speaking peoples needed warm, water-repelling clothes in the cold climate, so wool was the main cloth used.
People in warmer Mediterranean regions had lighter clothing in linens, wools, and sometimes silk -- if they could afford it.
Both men and women wore loose tunics, based on rectangles sewn together in different styles, and caught with belts.
Mantles (cloaks) were draped over tunics, sometimes with status-enhancing fur linings.
Men wore trews (the forerunner of pants) below the waist, wrapped with wool bands or leather below the knee.
Linen shirts were worn as undergarments beneath tunics, and sometimes worn on their own in summer.
Surviving clothing from burials reveals a love of finery in embroidery, tablet-woven braids, and intricate jewelry.
TEXTILE PRODUCTION
Before the horizontal loom's introduction, c.1000, all European weaving was done on vertical looms.
Producing cloth was extremely labor intensive and women did most of it at home.
Wool, the most common fiber, had to be shorn, cleaned, and carded (brushed), then spun with a drop-spindle.
The loom was set up with vertical warp threads, and finally the weft threads were woven horizontally over and under the warp to make cloth.
Clothing was based mostly on straight lines, connecting the selvedges (fabric edges) to minimize waste.
JEWELRY
Jewelry was a means of adornment and also a from of portable wealth, easily carried and used as payment.
People living around the Baltic Sea collected amber, the fossilized resin of prehistoric trees, and traded it across Europe and beyond.
Precious metals, such as gold, and jewels had a nearly sacred attribution due to their rarity.
Other metals used included bronze, iron, copper, and tin.
Glass beads appear in many Norse graves.
Men and women held clothing together with ornate round pins and brooches, and wore shapely belt buckles, rings, and earrings.
移民時代
公元600年-1100年
西羅馬帝國崩塌后，人們開始朝新地區(qū)遷移，有時通過入侵征服，有時通過和平協(xié)議。
在歐洲北部地區(qū)，講日耳曼語，法蘭克語以及北歐語的人需要保暖，防水的服裝抵御寒冷氣候，所以羊毛成為了主要面料。
地中海溫暖地區(qū)的人們穿著更輕的亞麻，羊毛甚至絲綢服裝 - 如果他們可以負擔的話。
男性與女性都穿著寬松袍子，基于不同風格縫合在一起的涼快矩形，以腰帶固定。
Mantles披風（斗篷）披掛在袍子外面，有時會加上顯示身份的毛皮里襯。
男性腰部以下穿著trews緊身格子呢絨褲（褲子的前身），膝蓋下以羊毛或皮革條捆綁。
亞麻襯衫以內(nèi)衣方式穿著在袍子里面，夏天也能單獨穿著。
葬墓遺留物上顯示出當時人們對華麗刺繡，平紋編織辮以及繁復首飾的喜愛。
紡織生產(chǎn)
公元1000年，在水平織布機問世之前，整個歐洲都在垂直織布機上編織的。
織布是極其密集型的勞動，婦女要花大部分的時間在家工作。
羊毛，是最常見的纖維，它需要修剪，清潔以及梳理，然后將它們?nèi)啻晷D(zhuǎn)成紡絲。
垂直織布機上會先排列好垂直經(jīng)線，之后利用緯線穿線器上下水平地在經(jīng)紗上進行編織，從而制成布料。
服裝基本依照直線裁剪，以減少浪費。
珠寶首飾
珠寶史裝飾方式，也是便攜財富，方便攜帶以及支付。
居住在波羅的海周圍的人們收集琥珀，一種史前樹木留下的樹脂化石，并將它售賣到了歐洲本土與之外的地區(qū)。
貴金屬，例如黃金和寶石，由于極其稀有，他們被冠以近乎神圣的屬性。
其他可用的首飾有青銅，鐵，銅和錫。
玻璃珠，出現(xiàn)在許多挪威墳墓里。
男性與女性都會搭配華麗的別針或胸針來聚攏服裝，同時穿戴皮帶扣，戒指與耳環(huán)。
