前段時間筆者看完了TED的small book，今天，筆者將帶著大家來學習一些和工作有關的詞匯，所有詞匯和例句均來源于書本“Why we work”。好啦，廢話不多說，來看看我們有什么詞匯可以學習的吧。
1. occupation n. 工作
首先談到工作，大家都可能會用job，work這些詞來表達工作，但是除了這兩個耳熟能詳的詞外，我們還有其他的一些表達，比如：occupation，position，employment 書中所說：few occupations have these features。幾乎沒有工作具有這些特征。(作者說的是機會沒有工作能夠滿足人們。)
2.expertise n. 專業技能
And they use that autonomy and discretion to achieve a level of mastery or expertise. 他們用自己的自主權和辨別力來獲得專業技能。
3.monotonous adj.單調的，乏味的
Why is that for most of us, work is monotonous, meaningless, and soul deadening?為什么對于我們大部分人來說，工作是單調乏味，毫無意義的呢？
4.engaged & disengaged adj. 投入的 & 不投入的
There are twice as many “actively disengaged” workers in the world as there are “engaged” workers who like their jobs. 在這個世界上，不專注的員工是哪些積極投入到工作中的人的兩倍。
5.sleepwalk v. 夢游, 書中用來指一些人上班很懶散，沒有目標
We are checked out, sleepwalking through our days, putting little energy into our work. 我們每天漫漫度日，在工作中幾乎沒有投入任精力。
6.incentive n. 刺激，激勵
People do things for incentives, for rewards, for money. 人們因為一些激勵機制，為獎勵和錢而工作。
7.emolument n. 薪水，工資
And if his emoluments are to be precisely the same whether he does or does not perform some very laborious duty...不管他做或是不做一些勞累的工作，如果他的工資都是完全一樣的話...
8.division of labor 勞動分工
9.compensation n. 補償金
And he designed compensation schemes that pushed employees to work hard, work fast, and work accurately. 他設計了一些補償金計劃，以此來推動員工努力，快速并且準確無誤的工作。
10.trudge off v. 艱難的走
People trudged off to work each day with little expectation of meaning, engagement, or challenge. 人們每天步履艱難的去上班，幾乎對工作的意義，投入和挑戰沒有任何期待。
11.paycheck n. 工資
They work for the paycheck. 他們工作是為了得到工資。 還記得我們前面說過的工資還可以怎么表達嗎？emolument當然，也可以用 salary，wage，payment。
12.mundane adj.平凡的
Many people who do what we think of as mundane jobs-janitors, factory workers, call-center employees-care about more than the wage. 很多人會做我們認為很普通的工作，比如說清潔工，工廠工人，呼叫中心的員工。對于他們而言，他們在乎的不僅僅是工資。
13.pie-in-the-sky 天上的餡餅，用來形容渺茫的希望
And we’ll see that this aspiration for good work is not “ pie-in-the-sky” idealism. It is well within our grasp. 并且我們可以看到期望得到一份好的工作并不是一種不可能的理想主義。這是我們可以很容易得到的。
14. wax and wane v. 興衰成敗
And Stephen Barley and Gideon Kunda published an important article documenting how such ideas about management have waxed and waned over the years. Stephen Barley and Gideon Kunda 發表了一篇很重要的文章，文章講述關于管理的想法在這些年是如何經歷興衰成敗的。
15.assembly-line 流水線
Assembly-line work can be done by people with low skill and little training. 流水線工作可以由那些很少接受培訓或者只掌握一些簡單技能的人來完成。
16.drudgery n. 苦差事
This unorthodox, attention-grabbing practices of Google and other high-flying Silicon Valley companies may give the impression that assembly-line drudgery is a thing of the past. 谷歌和其他一些硅谷的公司的獨特并且吸人眼球的實踐可能會傳達一種信息：這樣單調沉悶的流水線工作已經是一個過去式罷了。
17.impoverished adj.窮困的，無力的，用盡的
Their work would be much impoverished, and the hospital would run less well, as a result. 他們心不在焉的工作，結果導致這個醫院運行的越來越差。
18.excruciating adj. 痛苦的
The solicitors went off to do their excruciating jobs. 募捐者們繼續去做這種極為痛苦的工作。
19.performance n. 表現/業績
Miraculously, their performance was transformed. 神奇的是，他們的表現發生了改變。
20.nominal adj. 微不足道的
Though all the hospital custodians interviewed by Wrzesniewski were doing the same nominal job, not all of them were doing it like Luke or Carlotta. 盡管醫院里所有被Wrzesniewski 采訪的看守人都作者同樣微不足道的工作，但并不是所有人都像Luke 或者Carlotta 這樣（盡職盡責）
21.dedication n. 獻身
Market Basket employees worked with dedication, enthusiasm, and cooperation. Market Basket的員工工作的時候極其投入，熱情并且會互相合作。
22.disinterested adj. 不感興趣的
The two standard methods for managing disinterested workers are material incentives (wages) and close monitoring of work that has been routinized. 兩種管理沒有興趣的員工的標準方法：一是給予員工一些物質激勵，比如工資；二是根據日常的的安排密切地監督員工的工作。
23.idiot proof 簡單易操作的
Curriculum specialists, sitting in offices at boards of education, design curricula that are “ idiot proof”. 課程專家，坐在教育委員會的辦公室，做著很簡單的課程安排工作。
24.evaluation n. 評估，評價
In some systems, teachers’ annual evaluations, and even pay, are based on their students’ performance on standardized test. 在一些體制下，教師的年度評估或者是薪資水平，是以他們的學生在標準化考試中的表現為基礎的。
25.empirical adj.以經驗為基礎的
This sort of motivational competition doesn’t always happen, and despite years of empirical evidence, I don’t think we fully understand it yet. 這種激勵性的競爭并不會經常發生，并且盡管我們有多年的以經驗為基礎的證據，我并不認為我們完全能夠明白（這種方法）。
