來源： http://blog.csdn.net/olanlanxiari/article/details/48086917
1前言
pip是一個Python包管理工具，主要是用于安裝PyPI上的軟件包，可以替代easy_install工具。
GitHub:https://github.com/pypa/pip
Doc:https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/
2獲取pip
2.1腳本安裝pip
$ curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py
$ python get-pip.py
2.2使用包管理軟件安裝
$ sudo yum install python-pip
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
2.3更新pip
$ pip install -U pip
3pip基本使用
3.1安裝PyPI軟件
$ pip install SomePackage
[...]
Successfully installed SomePackage
3.2查看具體安裝文件
$ pip show --files SomePackage
Name: SomePackage
Version: 1.0
Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
../somepackage/__init__.py
[...]
3.3查看哪些軟件需要更新
$ pip list --outdated
SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)
3.4升級軟件包
$ pip install --upgrade SomePackage
[...]
Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
Uninstalling SomePackage:
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
Running setup.py install for SomePackage
Successfully installed SomePackage
3.5卸載軟件包
$ pip uninstall SomePackage
Uninstalling SomePackage:
/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
4pip簡明手冊
4.1安裝具體版本軟件
$ pip install SomePackage? ? ? ? ? ? # latest version
$ pip install SomePackage==1.0.4? ? # specific version
$ pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4'? ? # minimum version
4.2Requirements文件安裝依賴軟件
Requirements文件一般記錄的是依賴軟件列表，通過pip可以一次性安裝依賴軟件包:
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
4.3列出軟件包清單
$ pip list
$ pip list --outdated
ipython (Current: 1.2.0 Latest: 2.3.0)
4.4查看軟件包信息
$ pip show pip
---
Name: pip
Version: 1.4.1
Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Requires:
$ pip show pyopencl
---
Name: pyopencl
Version: 2014.1
Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Requires: pytools, pytest, decorator
4.5搜尋
$ pip search pycuda
pycuda? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - Python wrapper for Nvidia CUDA
pyfft? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - FFT library for PyCuda and PyOpenCL
cudatree? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - Random Forests for the GPU using PyCUDA
reikna? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - GPGPU algorithms for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL
compyte? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - A common set of compute primitives for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL (to be created)
4.6配置文件
配置文件:$HOME/.pip/pip.conf, 舉例:
[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = http://download.zope.org/ppix
[install]
ignore-installed = true
no-dependencies = yes
4.7命令行自動補全
對于bash:
$ pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile
對于zsh:
$ pip completion --zsh >> ~/.zprofile
加載此配置文件后，則pip命令支持自動補全功能.
5后記
應該盡量使用pip，不要繼續使用easy_install.
