MyBatis入門使用
1. MyBatis簡介
MyBatis是支持普通SQL查詢、存儲過程和高級映射的持久層框架。MyBatis消除了幾乎所有的JDBC代碼和參數的手工設置以及結果集的檢索。MyBatis使用簡單的XML或注解用于配置和原始映射,將接口和Java的POJOs映射成數據庫中的記錄。
一般情況下MyBatis是被Spring整合使用的,但是他也可以獨立使用。
2. 獨立使用MyBatis步驟:
- 建立PO類。用于對數據庫中數據的映射,使程序員更關注對Java類的使用而不是數據庫的操作。
- 建立Mapper。數據庫操作的映射文件,也就是我們常常說的DAO,用于映射數據庫的操作,可以通過配置文件指定方法對應的SQL語句或者直接使用Java提供餓注解方式進行SQL的指定。
- 建立配置文件。配置文件主要用于配置程序中可變性高的設置,MyhBatis中的配置文件主要封裝在configuration中。
- 建立映射文件。對應于MyBatis全局配置中的mappers的配置屬性。主要用于建立對應數據庫操作接口的SQL映射。MyBatis會將這里設定的SQL與對應的Java接口相關聯,以保證在MyBatis中調用接口的時候會到數據庫中執行相應的SQL來簡化開發。
建立測試類。進行測試
代碼實例:
1)建立PO類。
package com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public User(String name, Integer age) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
//必須要有這個無參構造器,不然根據UserMapper.xml中的配置,在查詢數據庫的時候,將不能呢過反射構造出User實例
public User() {
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
2)建立Mapper。
package com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis;
public interface UserMapper {
public void insertUser(User user);
public User getUser(Integer id);
}
3)建立配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="false"></setting>
<setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true"></setting>
<setting name="defaultExecutorType" value="REUSE"></setting>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias alias="User" type="com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis.User"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!-- 新版本的jdbc建議使用com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver -->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!-- 不加 ?serverTimezone=GMT 可能會有數據庫時區和系統時區不一致導致的問題 -->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?serverTimezone=GMT"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="password"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
4)建立映射文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis.UserMapper">
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="User">
insert into user(name,age) values(#{name},#{age})
</insert>
<select id="getUser" resultType="User" parameterType="java.lang.Integer">
select * from user where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
5)測試類
package com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
public class MyBatisUtil
{
private final static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
String resource = "configuration.xml";
Reader reader = null;
try {
reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
}
public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() {
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}
package com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
public class TestMapper {
static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
static {
System.out.println(111);
sqlSessionFactory = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSessionFactory();
}
public void testAdd() {
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try {
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User("wangjun", new Integer(25));
userMapper.insertUser(user);
sqlSession.commit();
}finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
public void getUser() {
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try {
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = userMapper.getUser(1);
System.out.println("name:" + user.getName() + "|age:" + user.getAge());
}finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestMapper tm = new TestMapper();
tm.testAdd();
tm.getUser();
}
}
運行結果:
name:wangjun|age:25
補充,POM文件配置:需要依賴jdbc和myBaits
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.wangjun.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>test.mybatis</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>test.mybatis</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>6.0.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3. Spring整合MyBatis步驟:
上述步驟的1,2,3步不變。只需要配置Spring文件:
-
將MyBatis配置文件的environments配置移動到了Spring的配置文件中。針對MyBstis,注冊org.mybatis.Spring.SqlsessionFactoryBean類型的bean,以及用于映射接口的org.mybatis.Spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- 需要maven依賴commons-dbcp包 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?useSSL=false"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="password"></property> <property name="maxIdle" value="30"></property> <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="true"></property> </bean> <!-- 需要maven依賴mybatis-spring和spring-jdbc包 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation" value="mybatis/configuration.xml"></property> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <bean id="userMapper" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean"> <property name="mapperInterface" value="com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis.UserMapper"></property> <property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory"></property> </bean> </beans>
?
-
MyBatis的配置文件簡化。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <typeAliases> <typeAlias alias="User" type="com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis.User"/> </typeAliases> <mappers> <mapper resource="mybatis/UserMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration>
?
測試
Spring整合MyBatis很簡單,我們可以看到除了MyBaits配置文件的更改并沒有太大變化。其實Spring整合MyBatis的優勢主要在于使用上,我們來看看Spring中使用MyBatis的用法:
package com.wangjun.mybatis.test.mybatis;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringMyBatisTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("mybatis/springMyBatis.xml");
UserMapper um = context.getBean("userMapper", UserMapper.class);
//查詢數據
User user = um.getUser(1);
System.out.println(user.getName());
System.out.println(user.getAge());
//插入數據
User addUser = new User("lujiashaoye", 24);
um.insertUser(addUser);
}
}
我們可以看到,在Spring中使用MyBatis非常方便,用戶甚至無法察覺自己正在使用MyBatis,而這一切相對于獨立使用MyBatis時必須要做的冗余操作來說無非是打打簡化了我們的工作量。
《Spring源碼深度解析》筆記