先啰嗦幾句:本人區(qū)塊鏈小白一枚,正在自學(xué)EOS應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)(當(dāng)然目前也沒(méi)有培訓(xùn)班培訓(xùn)),我的這個(gè)系列文章是我的學(xué)習(xí)筆記,因此,鑒于水平有限,難免有許多錯(cuò)誤之處,還希望各位讀者海涵,若能留言勘誤,更是感激不盡。同時(shí)也歡迎熱愛(ài)EOS開(kāi)發(fā)的朋友加我微信(微信號(hào):361757),暗號(hào)EOS,我已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)交流群,寫(xiě)作本文時(shí)(2018年4月10日),群人數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到94人。好了,系好安全帶,我們的EOS應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)之旅,馬上開(kāi)始!
本文按照官方文檔中的內(nèi)容,加上個(gè)人理解,對(duì)EOS.IO中常見(jiàn)的術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)忉尣徽_的地方,還望海涵,畢竟以學(xué)習(xí)為目的。
001 Account(賬戶)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>An on-chain identifier made up of native and/or custom permissions that are assigned one or more keys or accounts.
由本地和/或自定義權(quán)限組成的鏈上標(biāo)識(shí)符,分配由一個(gè)或多個(gè)密鑰或賬戶。
這個(gè)賬戶類(lèi)似于我們?cè)谏缃痪W(wǎng)站注冊(cè)時(shí)使用的用戶名,比如:bob,alice等。
創(chuàng)建方法:(我們以在eosio下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為bob的賬戶為例)
cd /home/username/eos/build/programs/cleos # 切換到cleos目錄下
./cleos create key # 生成OwnerKey,記錄下來(lái)
./cleos create key # 再生成一對(duì)ActiveKey,記錄下來(lái)
./cleos create account eosio bob <public-OwnerKey> <public-ActiveKey>
# 這里的eosio為creater,bob為賬戶名,兩組key分別對(duì)應(yīng)前面生成的兩組key的公鑰
返回結(jié)果為類(lèi)似的JSON格式:
002 Authority(權(quán)限)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>An abstract of permissions that represent how permissions are organized in reality that are bound to an individual or groups of individuals
權(quán)限的抽象理解,是指如何將權(quán)限組織到實(shí)際中,并綁定到單個(gè)或一組類(lèi)型上。
個(gè)人對(duì)這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)理解還不夠深刻,沒(méi)有辦法作出更多的解釋。
003 Block(塊)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>縮寫(xiě)為Blk,A confirmable unit of the Blockchain. Each block contains zero or more Transactions, as well as a cryptographic connection to all prior blocks. When a block becomes "irreversibly confirmed" it's because a supermajority of Block Producers have agreed that the given Block contains correct Transactions. Once a Block is irreversibly confirmed, it becomes a permanent part of the immutable Blockchain.
區(qū)塊鏈的可確認(rèn)單位。每個(gè)塊包含0個(gè)或多個(gè)事務(wù),并與之前的塊進(jìn)行加密連接。當(dāng)一個(gè)塊變成不可逆狀態(tài)時(shí),表示絕大多數(shù)區(qū)塊生產(chǎn)者已經(jīng)認(rèn)可該區(qū)塊所包含的交易為合法交易。一旦塊變?yōu)椴豢赡鏍顟B(tài),它將成為不可變的區(qū)塊鏈的永久部分。
個(gè)人理解:這里的塊,就是“區(qū)塊鏈”的基礎(chǔ)組成部分了,一個(gè)塊,就是一個(gè)賬本中的一頁(yè),記錄了得到大家認(rèn)可的交易內(nèi)容,并且在狀態(tài)變?yōu)椴豢赡鏁r(shí),將再也無(wú)法篡改其內(nèi)容。
004 DAC(分散的自治公司,讀音:[d?k])
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>Decentralized Autonomous Collective, or Decentralized Autonomous Corporation. Described in detail here (need link).
分散的自治集體和分散的自治公司。這里官方后期可能還會(huì)作出更多的解釋。
005 DAO(分散的自治組織,讀音:道)
官方注釋?zhuān)篋ecentralized Autonomous Organization.
分散的自治組織。與DAC類(lèi)似,一種基于區(qū)塊鏈的組織結(jié)構(gòu)形式,通過(guò)一系列公正、公開(kāi)的規(guī)則,可以在無(wú)人干預(yù)和管理的情況下自主運(yùn)行的組織形式。每個(gè)人都可以通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)該組織的股份權(quán)益,或是提供服務(wù)的形式來(lái)成為該組織的參與者,從某種角度來(lái)看,DAO就像一個(gè)全自動(dòng)的機(jī)器人,當(dāng)它全部的程序設(shè)定完成后,就會(huì)按照既定的規(guī)則開(kāi)始運(yùn)作。
在運(yùn)作的過(guò)程中,還可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,不斷的自我維護(hù)和升級(jí),通過(guò)不斷的自我完善來(lái)適合它周?chē)沫h(huán)境,我們常見(jiàn)的域名管理系統(tǒng)namecoin就是一種典型的DAO組織。(參考視頻:萬(wàn)向區(qū)塊鏈研究室:三分鐘告訴你什么是DAO)
006 Deferred Transaction(延時(shí)交易)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>縮寫(xiě)defTx,A transaction that is created by a smart contract for later execution at a specific future time. This future transaction can also create another future transaction to happen after itself. Thus, the deferred transaction opens the door to creating infinite loops. The user authorizing the deferred transaction must have the bandwidth to execute that future transaction (this is evaluated when it's scheduled), and the storage to store it until executed.
延期交易是由智能合約創(chuàng)建的事務(wù),以便在以后的特定時(shí)間稍后執(zhí)行。這個(gè)未來(lái)的交易也可以創(chuàng)建另一個(gè)未來(lái)的交易。因此,延期交易打開(kāi)了創(chuàng)造無(wú)限循環(huán)的大門(mén)。授權(quán)延期交易的用戶,必須擁有執(zhí)行該未來(lái)交易的帶寬(這是在計(jì)劃時(shí)就進(jìn)行評(píng)估的),以及存儲(chǔ),直至執(zhí)行結(jié)束。
個(gè)人理解:延時(shí)交易的一個(gè)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,可能是技術(shù)白皮書(shū)中所提及的“強(qiáng)制延時(shí)”的概念,為了避免出現(xiàn)未授權(quán)交易導(dǎo)致的回滾操作,系統(tǒng)會(huì)采取強(qiáng)制性的延時(shí)交易來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。但這個(gè)延時(shí)的時(shí)間究竟有多久,是需要通過(guò)實(shí)際情況,來(lái)自定義的。比如,你買(mǎi)一杯咖啡,延時(shí)可能是1秒,因?yàn)榻灰最~很小,可能產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題也很小。但如果你是買(mǎi)一艘游艇,那么延時(shí)可能會(huì)很久,這是為了避免發(fā)生回滾操作導(dǎo)致的賬戶問(wèn)題。那么這個(gè)度的把控,由應(yīng)用來(lái)決定,系統(tǒng)目前沒(méi)有對(duì)此作出規(guī)定。
007 DLTs(分布式賬本技術(shù))
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>Distributed Ledger Technologies. A distributed ledger (also called a shared ledger, or referred to as distributed ledger technology) is a consensus of replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple sites, countries, or institutions.?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_ledger
分布式賬本技術(shù),也成為共享賬本,是在地理位置跨多個(gè)站點(diǎn)、國(guó)家或機(jī)構(gòu),復(fù)制、共享和同步數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的共識(shí)。
個(gè)人理解:分布式賬本技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了區(qū)塊鏈的去中心化,這樣在發(fā)生物理災(zāi)難或者政策災(zāi)難的情況下,只要還有任何一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)存在,就可以恢復(fù)完整的數(shù)據(jù)賬本。基本上在這種情況下,數(shù)據(jù)永不丟失。而且在未來(lái),這個(gè)賬本甚至可以是跨星球、跨星系的,那么,即使有一天地球毀滅了,賬本也能被恢復(fù)。恐怕沒(méi)有哪個(gè)物種或者數(shù)據(jù),可以做到這一點(diǎn)。
008 DPoS(授權(quán)證明機(jī)制)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>Delegated Proof of Stake. Also, "Democracy as Proof of Stake." DPoS is one of a collection of consensus algorithms, i.e. methods by which block producers can agree (reach consensus) on which transactions and which blocks are "real" and should be confirmed and treated as irreversible.
授權(quán)證明機(jī)制。此外,民主證明機(jī)制。DPoS是共識(shí)算法的集合之一,即塊生產(chǎn)者可以同意(達(dá)成共識(shí))哪些交易和哪些塊是真是的并且應(yīng)該被確認(rèn)和被是為不可逆的方法。
與POW、POS機(jī)制相區(qū)分,主要區(qū)別在于,被授權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)賬本記錄和獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的是相對(duì)較少的超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn),而超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn)又是由所有token持有者投票選出的。
EOS采用的就是DPOS機(jī)制。
009 Key pair(密鑰對(duì))
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A public key and its corresponding private key
公鑰及其對(duì)應(yīng)的私鑰,公鑰用來(lái)加密,私鑰用來(lái)解密。
010 larimer(拉里默,單位)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>1/10000 of an EOS (token)?0.0001 EOS
萬(wàn)分之一個(gè)EOS為1 larimer,這有點(diǎn)像btc的聰?shù)膯挝唬叮瑢?duì)了,EOS創(chuàng)世人BM的全名:Dan?Larimer,以后我要是發(fā)行個(gè)代幣,單位就定為“王”。
011 Master Password(主密碼)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>The password used to to unlock (decrypt) a wallet file
用于解鎖或破譯錢(qián)包文件的密碼。
012 Action(動(dòng)作)
官方注釋?zhuān)篈 change to the Blockchain. One or more actions make up a Transaction.
對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈的變更,一個(gè)或多個(gè)動(dòng)作構(gòu)成一個(gè)交易。
013 Non-Producing Node(非生產(chǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn),即備用節(jié)點(diǎn))
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A full node running nodeos that is only watching and verifying for itself each block, and maintaining its own local full copy of the blockchain. A non-producing node that is in the "standby pool" can, through the process of being voted in, become a producing node. A producing node, if voted out, will become a non-producing node. Most non-producing nodes are not in the "standby pool".
一個(gè)運(yùn)行節(jié)點(diǎn)程序的完整節(jié)點(diǎn),但它只是監(jiān)視和驗(yàn)證每個(gè)塊,并維護(hù)自己本地完整的區(qū)塊鏈副本。處于“備用池”中的非生產(chǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)可以通過(guò)投票程序成為生產(chǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)。生產(chǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)如果被投票出去,將成為非生產(chǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)。不過(guò),大多數(shù)的非生產(chǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)都不再備用節(jié)點(diǎn)池中。據(jù)EOS官方說(shuō)法,除了21個(gè)超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)區(qū)塊外,還有大約100個(gè)備用節(jié)點(diǎn),隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備替換被投票出局的超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn)。
014 Oracle(甲骨文)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>"An oracle, in the context of blockchains and smart contracts, is an agent that finds and verifies real-world occurrences and submits this information to a blockchain to be used by smart contracts."?Source
在區(qū)塊鏈和智能合約的背景下,Oracle是一個(gè)能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)和驗(yàn)證真實(shí)世界事件,并將這些信息提交給區(qū)塊鏈以供智能合約使用的代理。也就是說(shuō),EOS本身無(wú)法判斷真實(shí)世界發(fā)生的事件,比如誰(shuí)奪得了世界杯冠軍,但通過(guò)Oracle這個(gè)代理,可以得到準(zhǔn)確的答案。至于Oracle是如何得到的,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn):Source
015 peer-to-peer(點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn))
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>peer-to-peer computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application. They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes.?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer
就是我們常說(shuō)的p2p,相信大家對(duì)于p2p下載都不陌生,就是你在使用p2p下載時(shí),你可以從和你一樣的pc下載內(nèi)容,你也同時(shí)為別人提供下載服務(wù),這樣可以顯著的提高下載速度。
點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)計(jì)算或網(wǎng)絡(luò),是一種分布式應(yīng)用程序體系架構(gòu),可在同級(jí)之間分配任務(wù)和工作負(fù)載。點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)之間權(quán)利平等,在應(yīng)用程序中相當(dāng)于參與者。據(jù)說(shuō)他們形成了一個(gè)點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
016 Permission(授權(quán))
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A weighted security mechanism that determines whether or not a message is properly authorized by evaluating its signature(s) authority
一個(gè)加權(quán)安全機(jī)制,通過(guò)評(píng)估它的簽名權(quán)限來(lái)確定一個(gè)消息是否被正確授權(quán)。
017 Private Key(私鑰)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A secret key used to sign transactions
用于簽署交易的私鑰。
018 Public Key(pub key,公鑰)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A publicly available key that is transmitted alongside a transaction
與交易一起傳輸?shù)墓_(kāi)的可用密鑰,與私鑰對(duì)應(yīng)。
019 Scope(作用域)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>Scope is a region of data within a contract. Contracts can only write to regions in their own contracts but they can read from any contract's regions. Proper scoping allows transactions to run in parallel for the same contract because they do not write to the same regions. Scope is not conflated with an account name, but contracts can use the same value for both for convenience.
作用域是合約中的一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的趨于,合約只能寫(xiě)入自己合約中的趨于,但可以從任何合約的趨于讀取。正確的作用域允許事務(wù)對(duì)同一個(gè)合約并行運(yùn)行,因?yàn)樗麄儾粚?xiě)入相同的區(qū)域。范圍不與賬戶名稱(chēng)相混淆,但為了方便,合約可以使用相同的值。
020 Smart Contract(智能合約)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A smart contract is a computer protocol intended to facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract.
智能合約是旨在促進(jìn)、驗(yàn)證或執(zhí)行談判或履行合同的計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)議。
021 Standby Pool(備用池)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A set of about 100 full nodes that have expressed the desire to be selected as block producers, and are capable of doing so on demand. Whenever the chain needs to replace an existing BP with a new one, the new one is drawn from the standby pool.
一組大約100個(gè)完整節(jié)點(diǎn)組成備用池,這些備用的節(jié)點(diǎn)有可能被投票選舉為區(qū)塊生產(chǎn)者(超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn)),并且能夠根據(jù)需要這樣做。無(wú)論何時(shí),如果區(qū)塊鏈需要替換一個(gè)已經(jīng)存在的超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn),那么替換者一定會(huì)從備用池中選取。
022 Transaction(交易)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>A complete all-or-nothing change to the Blockchain. A combination of one or more Messages. Usually, the execution of a Smart Contract.
對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈進(jìn)行全面更改或,由一個(gè)或多個(gè)消息組成,通常,是執(zhí)行智能合約。
023 Wallet(錢(qián)包)
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>An encrypted file generated and/or managed by a client (for example,?cleos) that manages private keys and facilitates the signing of transactions in a secure manner. Wallets may be in a locked or unlocked state.
由客戶端(例如cleos)生成或管理的加密文件,用于管理私鑰并便于以安全方式簽署交易。錢(qián)包可能處于鎖定或解鎖狀態(tài)。
024 Block Producer(BP,塊生產(chǎn)者,即超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn))
官方注釋?zhuān)?i>The node that is currently taking its turn producing the "right now" block for the blockchain. Or, a member of the group of nodes who have been elected to take such turns. Synonymous with 'block producer'
超級(jí)節(jié)點(diǎn),目前正在輪流生成區(qū)塊鏈的當(dāng)前區(qū)塊的節(jié)點(diǎn),或者,已經(jīng)被選為輪流的節(jié)點(diǎn)組的成員,即“塊生產(chǎn)者”。
本篇完。
我是王越,EOS應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)小白一枚,渴望與你鏈接,我已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)交流開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)的微信群,期待你的加入!請(qǐng)加我微信 361757,暗號(hào)EOS。