一. 感想
如何避免寫作時的雜亂無章而做到言簡意賅呢?Zinsser舉了不少“不說人話”的例子,比如當我們要表達"It is raining."時,就完全沒有必要說成"At the present time we are experiencing precipitation." 這么個寫法,不但自己累,讀者也會一頭霧水,甚至在心里“詛咒”你。
這一點我深有體會。今年我翻譯(絕大多數是英譯中的筆譯)了不少音頻技術方面的文章,有的時候輕松愉快,有的時候抓耳撓腮。遇到后者時,我費勁九牛二虎之力搞清楚某個長達N行的句子的本質含義后,就特別想沖到作者面前問問他,為啥非要這么繞著說話。
其實有很長一段時間,這類繞來繞去的技術文章都極其摧毀我的信心,讓我覺得自己的英語實在太渣。雖說事實如此,可偏偏就是有些文章,語言簡單明快,讓我讀起來心花怒放。我想,這就是差距吧,既是寫作者水平的差別,也是寫作理念的不同。
所以,我格外喜歡Zinsser的這個觀點:Beware, then, of the long word that's no better than the short word. 有的人看不上小詞,其實小詞用的恰到好處絕對是需要很深的功底的。
If you give me an eight-page article and I tell you to cut it to four pages, you'll howl and say it can't be done. Then you'll go home and do it, and it will be much better. After that comes the hard part: cutting it to three.
看到這個說法,我想可能有不少人跟我一樣,即使去改自己的文章,也舍不得去如此大刀闊斧地砍伐。費盡心思寫出來的文字,大篇幅地刪減太心疼了。可實際上,不破不立。如果相應的段落寫得不好,沒有寫成自己設想樣子,順著這個思路繼續下去,只會越走越遠。只有及時從偏離的軌道上毫不留戀地撤回,才能盡早步入正軌。
當然,形成自己的風格很有必要。內容是基礎,風格是靈魂。就像咱們的讀書筆記,大家讀了同樣的內容,想法和感悟卻不盡相同,再經過自己的沉淀寫出來,便呈現了眾彩紛呈的樣子。而且,正如文中所說,要放松且自信,相信自己有獨特的優勢,取長補短亦或揚長避短。
Zinsser還提到 "You are so busy thinking of your awesome responsibility to the finished article that you can't even start...if you weren't trying so hard to make an impression, you plunge in." 這讓我秒想到自己的毛病——常常過分地追求完美。如果做不出“完美”的,干脆就不要做了。可實際上,不做,便永遠也不可能做得“完美”。不要給自己太大壓力,適當地降低期望值,專注于事情本身而不是別人的評價。承認自己的不足,放下該死的面子。堅持每天做一點小事兒,并及時地總結。只要比前一天好一點兒,就是進步嘛。
p.s. 今天給自己點個贊!重感冒也幾乎沒有給工作和學習打折扣。很慶幸自己沒有偷懶,還收獲了驚喜。其實一旦專注于所做的事情,就沒有那么難受了,蠻好蠻好~
二. 字詞
1. eliminate
(1) 原文:It’s typical of hundreds of words that can be eliminated.
(2) 字典解釋:to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted = prune
(3) 造句:You should eliminate these superfluous words in your article.
2. euphemism
(1) 原文:Clutter is the ponderous euphemism that turns a slum into a depressed socioeconomic area, garbage collectors into waste-disposal personnel and the town dump into the volume reduction unit.
(2) 解釋:委婉說法
(3) 造句:"Early retirement" is a euphemism for "redundancy".
3. cross out
(1) 原文:My reason for bracketing the students’ superfluous words, instead of crossing them out, was to avoid violating their sacred prose.
(2) 解釋:劃掉、刪掉
(3) 造句:If you cross out words in an article, you wanna change them.
4. cop-out
(1) 原文:"I" can be a self-indulgence and a cop-out.
(2) 字典解釋:something you do or say in order to avoid doing or accepting something
(3) 造句:Lying is just a cop-out.