mac下安裝Python3.*(最新版本)

前言:mac系統(tǒng)自帶python,不過以當(dāng)前mac系統(tǒng)的最新版本為例,自帶的python版本都是2.版本,雖然不影響老版本項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)行,但是python最新的3.版本的一些語法與2.*版本并不相同,網(wǎng)上的教程大神們也肯定都更新出了最新版的教程,我們不論是學(xué)習(xí)還是使用,當(dāng)然用最新版會(huì)更好一點(diǎn)。

轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html

1、在安裝最新版Python3.*之前,我們先熟悉一下系統(tǒng)自帶的python。

Mac系統(tǒng)自帶python路徑為/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Version,我們先來打開目錄看一下:

image

我們看到這里有多個(gè)python版本,而在Current目錄下存放的是系統(tǒng)當(dāng)前的python版本。

mac既然自帶了python,當(dāng)然肯定配置好了python的全局命令,我們直接在終端運(yùn)行:

image

運(yùn)行正常。到這里也差不多對(duì)mac系統(tǒng)自帶的python有所了解,接下來我們開始安裝最新版本的python。

2、開始安裝(這里我們使用神器homebrew,還不熟悉此神器的小伙伴請(qǐng)自行百度,也可點(diǎn)擊鏈接直接前往下載)

安裝前先搜索一下是否已經(jīng)存在python3的包:

image

已經(jīng)存在,我們可以直接安裝了:

==> Auto-updated Homebrew!

Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core).

==> Updated Formulae

angular-cli fluent-bit links postgresql@9.6 texmath

byacc fn mlt qcachegrind tile38

caddy ipython osrm-backend rhino wtf

cfitsio ipython@5 postgresql siril

cfssl libpq postgresql@9.4 sundials

dnscrypt-proxy libpqxx postgresql@9.5 synfig

==> Installing dependencies for python: ****sphinx-doc****, ****gdbm****, ****openssl****, ****sqlite****, ****xz

==> Installing python dependency: ****sphinx-doc

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierr

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because this formula is mainly used internally by other formulae.

Users are advised to use pip to install sphinx-doc.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sphinx-doc/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

==> Summary

?? /usr/local/Cellar/sphinx-doc/1.7.4: 2,642 files, 36.8MB

==> Installing python dependency: ****gdbm

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

?? /usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.14.1_1: 20 files, 555.7KB

==> Installing python dependency: ****openssl

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierr

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots

keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in

the System keychain), place .pem files in

/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs

and run

/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find this software you may need to set:

LDFLAGS:  -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib

CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include

For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary

?? /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2o_1: 1,791 files, 12.3MB

==> Installing python dependency: ****sqlite

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because macOS provides an older sqlite3.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find this software you may need to set:

LDFLAGS:  -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib

CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include

For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary

?? /usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.23.1: 11 files, 3MB

==> Installing python dependency: ****xz

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

?? /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.4: 92 files, 1MB

==> Installing ****python

Warning: Building python from source:

The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed.

You can install them, if desired, with:

xcode-select --install

==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5 --enable-ipv6 --dataroot

==> make

==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5

==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/sha

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e8/2340d46ecadb1692a1

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5d/c1/45947333669b31bc6b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> make html

Error: An unexpected error occurred during the brew link step

The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local

Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

所有的包都下載完畢,但是我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)最后報(bào)了兩條錯(cuò)誤,大概意思是公式已經(jīng)建立,但是在創(chuàng)建連接的時(shí)候因?yàn)闆]有權(quán)限而發(fā)生意外錯(cuò)誤。在報(bào)錯(cuò)信息里我們看到一個(gè)目錄/usr/local/Frameworks,我們先去找一下這個(gè)目錄:

發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目錄竟然不存在,那我們就來手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè):

創(chuàng)建好目錄之后,再來解決權(quán)限問題:

不報(bào)錯(cuò)即為修改成功,修改好權(quán)限之后,還需要手動(dòng)執(zhí)行一下安裝時(shí)未完成的創(chuàng)建連接:

image

連接成功。咱們來查看一下當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)下的python3的信息:

image

發(fā)現(xiàn)python3被安裝到了/usr/local/bin/python3目錄下,有興趣的小伙伴自行前往查看想過配置文件。

到這里python3的安裝就算完成了,不過可能有小伙伴已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),不管是在終端運(yùn)行python -V查看版本號(hào)還是直接運(yùn)行python啟動(dòng)python命令行模式,默認(rèn)的python版本還是系統(tǒng)自帶的2.版本。其實(shí)這時(shí)候只運(yùn)行命令時(shí)需要把python改為python3就行了,當(dāng)然,有興趣的小伙伴也可以嘗試配置一下默認(rèn)版本,把當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)的默認(rèn)版本修改為3.版本。知乎上已經(jīng)貼出了各種各樣的方法,我這里就不多做贅述了。

轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html

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