下面是10個ES6最佳特性,排名不分先后:
1.函數參數默認值
2.模板字符串
3.多行字符串
4.解構賦值
5.對象屬性簡寫
6.箭頭函數
7.Promise
Let與Const
類
模塊化
為函數的參數設置默認值:
functionfoo(height, color)
{
varheight = height ||50;
varcolor = color ||'red';
//...
}
這樣寫一般沒問題,但是,當參數的布爾值為false時,是會出事情的!比如,我們這樣調用foo函數:
foo(0,"","")
因為0的布爾值為false,這樣height的取值將是50。同理color的取值為‘red’。
functionfoo(height =50, color ='red')
{
// ...
}
使用+號將變量拼接為字符串:
varname ='Your name is '+ first +' '+ last +'.'
將變量放在大括號之中:
varname =`Your name is${first}${last}.`
ES6的寫法更加簡潔、直觀。
使用“\n\t”將多行字符串拼接起來:
varroadPoem ='Then took the other, as just as fair,\n\t'
+'And having perhaps the better claim\n\t'
+'Because it was grassy and wanted wear,\n\t'
+'Though as for that the passing there\n\t'
+'Had worn them really about the same,\n\t'
將多行字符串放在反引號``之間就好了:
varroadPoem =`Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim
Because it was grassy and wanted wear,
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,`
當需要獲取某個對象的屬性值時,需要單獨獲取:
vardata = $('body').data();// data有house和mouse屬性
varhouse = data.house;
varmouse = data.mouse;
一次性獲取對象的子屬性:
var{ house, mouse} = $('body').data()
對于數組也是一樣的:
var[col1, col2]? = $('.column');
對象中必須包含屬性和值,顯得非常多余:
varbar ='bar';
varfoo =function()
{
// ...
}
varbaz = {
bar: bar,
foo: foo
};
對象中直接寫變量,非常簡單:
varbar ='bar';
varfoo =function()
{
// ...
}
varbaz = { bar, foo };
普通函數體內的this,指向調用時所在的對象。
functionfoo()
{
console.log(this.id);
}
varid =1;
foo();// 輸出1
foo.call({id:2});// 輸出2
箭頭函數體內的this,就是定義時所在的對象,而不是調用時所在的對象。
varfoo =()=>{
console.log(this.id);
}
varid =1;
foo();// 輸出1
foo.call({id:2});// 輸出1
嵌套兩個setTimeout回調函數:
setTimeout(function()
{
console.log('Hello');// 1秒后輸出"Hello"
setTimeout(function()
{
console.log('Fundebug');// 2秒后輸出"Fundebug"
},1000);
},1000);
使用兩個then是異步編程串行化,避免了回調地獄:
varwait1000 =newPromise(function(resolve, reject)
{
setTimeout(resolve,1000);
});
wait1000
.then(function()
{
console.log("Hello");// 1秒后輸出"Hello"
returnwait1000;
})
.then(function()
{
console.log("Fundebug");// 2秒后輸出"Fundebug"
});
var定義的變量未函數級作用域:
{
vara =10;
}
console.log(a);// 輸出10
let定義的變量為塊級作用域,因此會報錯:(如果你希望實時監控JavaScript應用的錯誤,歡迎免費使用Fundebug)
{
leta =10;
}
console.log(a);// 報錯“ReferenceError: a is not defined”
const與let一樣,也是塊級作用域。
使用構造函數創建對象:
functionPoint(x, y)
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.add =function()
{
returnthis.x +this.y;
};
}
varp =newPoint(1,2);
console.log(p.add());// 輸出3
使用Class定義類,更加規范,且你能夠繼承:
classPoint
{
constructor(x, y)
{
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
add()
{
returnthis.x +this.y;
}
}
varp =newPoint(1,2);
console.log(p.add());// 輸出3
JavaScript一直沒有官方的模塊化解決方案,開發者在實踐中主要采用CommonJS和AMD規范。而ES6制定了模塊(Module)功能。
Node.js采用CommenJS規范實現了模塊化,而前端也可以采用,只是在部署時需要使用Browserify等工具打包。這里不妨介紹一下CommenJS規范。
module.js中使用module.exports導出port變量和getAccounts函數:
module.exports = {
port:3000,
getAccounts:function(){
...
}
}
main.js中使用require導入module.js:
varservice =require('module.js')
console.log(service.port)// 輸出3000
ES6中使用export與import關鍵詞實現模塊化。
module.js中使用export導出port變量和getAccounts函數:
exportvarport =3000
exportfunctiongetAccounts(url){
...
}
main.js中使用import導入module.js,可以指定需要導入的變量:
import{port, getAccounts}from'module'
console.log(port)// 輸出3000
也可以將全部變量導入:
import*asservicefrom'module'
console.log(service.port)// 3000