基本語(yǔ)法

{
    QUERY_NAME:{
        ARGUMENT:VALUE,
        ARGUMENT:VALUE,
        ...
    }
}
{
    QUERY_NAME:{
        FIELD_NAME:{
            ARGUMENT:VALUE,
            ARGUMENT:VALUE,
            ...
        }
    }
}

示例

GET /_search    //查詢所有的，默認(rèn)只會(huì)顯示10條document
{
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

GET /test_index/test_type/_search    //查詢字段“test_field”，包含“test”
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "test_field": "test"
    }
  }
}

組合搜索多個(gè)條件

//模擬數(shù)據(jù)
PUT /website/article/1
{
  "title":"my elasticsearch article",
  "content":"es is very good",
  "author_id":110
}
PUT /website/article/2
{
  "title":"my hadoop article",
  "content":"hadoop is very bad",
  "author_id":111
}
PUT /website/article/3
{
  "title":"my elasticsearch article",
  "content":"es is very bad",
  "author_id":112
}

//查詢 title必須包含elasticsearch，content可以不包含elasticsearch，author_id必須不為110
GET /website/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "elasticsearch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "should": [
        {
         "match": {
           "content":"elasticsearch"
         }
        }
      ],
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "author_id": 110
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
//查詢title,content包含elasticsearch
GET /website/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "elasticsearch",
      "fields": ["title","content"]
    }
  }
}
//查詢title,content必須包含elasticsearch，并且author_id必須不為110的
GET /website/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "multi_match": {
            "query": "elasticsearch",
            "fields": ["title","content"]
          }
        }
      ],
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "author_id": 110
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

定位不合法的搜索以及原因

//以這樣的語(yǔ)法，來(lái)判斷一個(gè)查詢json串是否合法
GET /test_index/test_type/_validate/query?explain
{
  "query":{
    "math":{
      "test_field":"test"
    }
  }
}
//出錯(cuò)返回值
{
  "valid": false,
  "error": "org.elasticsearch.common.ParsingException: no [query] registered for [math]"
}
//正確返回值
{
  "valid": true,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "explanations": [
    {
      "index": "test_index",
      "valid": true,
      "explanation": "+test_field:test #(#_type:test_type)"
    }
  ]
}

filter與query的對(duì)比

//模擬數(shù)據(jù)
PUT /company/employee/1
{
  "address":{
    "country":"china",
    "provice":"beijing",
    "city":"beijing"
  },
  "name":"jack",
  "age":28,
  "join_date":"2017-01-01"
}
PUT /company/employee/2
{
  "address":{
    "country":"china",
    "provice":"jiangsu",
    "city":"nanjing"
  },
  "name":"tom",
  "age":30,
  "join_date":"2016-01-01"
}
PUT /company/employee/3
{
  "address":{
    "country":"china",
    "provice":"shanxi",
    "city":"xian"
  },
  "name":"marry",
  "age":35,
  "join_date":"2015-01-01"
}

//查詢年齡大于等于30，同時(shí)join_date必須是2016-01-01
GET /company/employee/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "join_date": "2016-01-01"
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gte": 30
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

filter與query的對(duì)比

• filter，僅僅只是按照搜索條件過(guò)濾出需要的數(shù)據(jù)而已，不計(jì)算任何相關(guān)度分?jǐn)?shù)，對(duì)相關(guān)度沒(méi)有任何影響
• query，會(huì)去計(jì)算每個(gè)document相對(duì)于搜索條件的相關(guān)度，并按照相關(guān)度進(jìn)行排序
• 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果是在進(jìn)行搜素，需要將最匹配搜索條件的數(shù)據(jù)先返回，那么用query；如果只是要根據(jù)一些條件篩選出一部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，不關(guān)注其排序，那么用filter
• 如果你希望越符合這些搜索條件的document越排在前面返回，那么這些搜索條件就要放在query中；如果不希望一些搜索條件來(lái)影響你的document排序，那么就放在filter中即可
• filter不需要計(jì)算相關(guān)度分?jǐn)?shù)，不需要按照相關(guān)度分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行排序，同時(shí)還有內(nèi)置的自動(dòng)cache最常使用filter的數(shù)據(jù)；query則相反，要計(jì)算相關(guān)度分?jǐn)?shù)，還需要按照分?jǐn)?shù)排序，而且無(wú)法cache結(jié)果。所以，filter的速度會(huì)更快些