1. anathema |??n?θ?m?|
① (N-UNCOUNT) 十分討厭的人（或事物） If something is anathema to you, you strongly dislike it.
● Violence was anathema to them.?他們對暴力深惡痛絕。
2. incumbent |?n?k?mb?nt|
① (N-COUNT) 現任官員;在職官員 An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time.
● In general, incumbents have a 94 per cent chance of being reelected.
通常現任官員有 94% 的幾率會再次當選。
② (ADJ) 成為責任的;義不容辭的;必須履行的 If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
● It is incumbent upon all of us to make an extra effort.?我們所有人都必須加倍努力。
3. decarbonize
Verb??remove carbon from (an engine) 除去碳素; 除炭
4. pricey
① (ADJ-GRADED) 價格高的；昂貴的 If you say that something is pricey, you mean that it is expensive.
● Medical insurance is very pricey.?醫療保險費用昂貴。
5. perennial
① (ADJ-GRADED) （尤指問題或困難）永恒的，持續的，亙古不變的 You use perennial to describe situations or states that keep occurring or which seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.
● ...the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness...
毒品和無家可歸這兩個一直困擾城市的問題
● There's a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.
有理科教學資格的老師一直都很短缺。
② (ADJ) （植物）多年生的 A perennial plant lives for several years and has flowers each year.
● ...a perennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers.?開綠黃色花的多年生香草
6. ?glut
① (N-COUNT) 供過于求；供應過剩 If there is a glut of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.
● There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.?西歐的農產品供過于求。
● ...a world oil glut.?全球石油供應過剩
② (VERB) 充斥；使供應過剩 If a market is glutted with something, there is a glut of that thing.
● The region is glutted with hospitals...?該地區的醫院數量已經飽和。
● Soldiers returning from the war had glutted the job market.?從戰場返鄉的士兵擠爆了勞動力市場。
7. shale
① (N-MASS) 頁巖 Shale is smooth soft rock that breaks easily into thin layers.
8. stark
① (ADJ-GRADED) (選擇、陳述等)嚴峻的，令人不快的 Stark choices or statements are harsh and unpleasant.
● UK companies face a stark choice if they want to stay competitive...
英國公司如果想要保持競爭力就不得不面對嚴峻的選擇。
● In his celebration speech, he issued a stark warning to Washington and other Western capitals.
在他的慶祝演說中，他向華盛頓和其他西方國家提出了嚴正警告。
② (ADJ-GRADED) (對比)鮮明的 If two things are in stark contrast to one another, they are very different from each other in a way that is very obvious.
● ...secret cooperation between London and Washington that was in stark contrast to official policy.
與官方的政策形成鮮明對比的倫敦和華盛頓之間的秘密合作
③ (ADJ-GRADED) 光禿的;簡易的;荒涼的 Something that is stark is very plain in appearance.
● ...the stark white, characterless fireplace in the drawing room.
客廳里簡易的、毫無特色的白色壁爐
9. ?write off
① (PHRASAL VERB) (向公司或機構)去函，發信 If you write off to a company or organization, you send them a letter, usually asking for something.
● He wrote off to the New Zealand Government for these pamphlets about life in New Zealand.
他給新西蘭政府去函，索取介紹新西蘭生活的宣傳冊。
② (PHRASAL VERB) 勾銷，注銷(債務或已花費的款項) If someone writes off a debt or an amount of money that has been spent on a project, they accept that they are never going to get the money back.
● The president persuaded the West to write off Polish debts...
總統說通西方免除波蘭的債務。
● He had long since written off the money.?他很早就將那筆錢勾銷了。
③ (PHRASAL VERB) 認定…不重要(或無用)；忽視 If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.
● He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age...
他很討厭大家因為他的年紀而小看他。
● His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed...
批評他的人不把他當回事，認為他太過謹慎，不能成事。
④ (PHRASAL VERB) (發生撞車后)將(車輛)報廢 If someone writes off a vehicle, they have a crash in it and it is so badly damaged that it is not worth repairing.
● John's written off four cars. Now he sticks to public transport...
約翰已經報廢了4輛車，現在他一直坐公交車。
● One of Pete's friends wrote his car off there.?皮特的一個朋友在那兒把他的汽車撞毀了。
⑤ (PHRASAL VERB) 取消(計劃或項目) If you write off a plan or project, you accept that it is not going to be successful and do not continue with it.
● We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping...
我們決定取消當天其余日程去購物。
● The prices were much higher. So we decided to write that off...
價格高出很多，所以我們決定將它取消。
10. deregulate
① (VERB) 撤銷對…的管制規定;解除對…的控制 To deregulate something means to remove controls and regulations from it.
● ...the need to deregulate the US airline industry...?撤銷對美國航空業管制的需要
● Once wholesale prices are deregulated, consumer prices will also rise.
一旦批發價格放開，零售價格也會隨之上漲。
11. in the doldrums |?d?ldr?mz; 美 ?do?l-|
① (PHRASE) 處于低潮;陷于停滯 If an activity or situation is in the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening.
● The economy is in the doldrums.?經濟正處于蕭條期。
12. incipient |?n?s?pi?nt|
[常用于名詞前](formal) just beginning 剛開始的；初始的；早期的
signs of incipient unrest?動亂的初期跡象
13. dromedary
|?dr?m?d?ri; 美 ?drɑ:m?deri| ?(pl. -ies)
an animal of the camel family, with only one hump , that lives in desert countries 單峰駝
14. precipitous?|pr??s?p?t?s|?(formal)
very steep, high and often dangerous 陡峭的；險峻的；峭拔的
sheer
precipitous cliffs?險峻的峭壁
a precipitous drop at the side of the road?道路一旁陡降的坡面
sudden and great 突然的；驟然的；急劇的
abrupt
a precipitous decline in exports?出口的急劇下降
done very quickly, without enough thought or care 草率的；倉促的；貿然的
hasty
a precipitous action?貿然行動
[派生詞]?precipitously?adv.
The land dropped precipitously down to the rocky shore.
地面陡降，下方是布滿巖石的岸邊。
The dollar plunged precipitously.?美元直線下跌。
We don't want to act precipitously.?我們不想倉促行事。
15. bolster |?b??lst?(r); 美 ?bo?l-|
[動詞 + 名詞短語] ~ sth (up) to improve sth or make it stronger 改善；加強
to bolster sb's confidence/courage/morale?增加某人的信心 / 勇氣 / 士氣
Falling interest rates may help to bolster up the economy.
利率下降可能有助于激活經濟。
16. thermostat |?θ?:m?st?t; 美 ?θ?:rm-|
a device that measures and controls the temperature of a machine or room, by switching the heating or cooling system on and off as necessary 溫度自動調節器；恒溫器
[派生詞]?thermostatic?|?θ?:m??st?t?k; 美 ?θ?:rm-|?adj.?[只用于名詞前]
thermostatically?|-kli|?adv.
17. blockchain?英 [bl?kt'?e?n]? 美 [bl?kt'?e?n]
車鏈；塊環鏈;
18. crowdsource
vt.? 眾包。這一概念是由美國雜志的記者Jeff Howe在2006年6月提出的; 他給出的定義為一個公司或機構把過去由員工執行的工作任務; 以自由自愿的形式外包給非特定的（而且通常是大型的）大眾網絡的做法。
19. unabated?|??n??be?t?d|
[名詞前不常用](formal) without becoming any less strong 不減；未變弱
The rain continued unabated .?雨勢一直沒減弱。
20. slash
① (VERB) 割破;在…上留下深長的切口 If you slash something, you make a long, deep cut in it.
● He came within two minutes of bleeding to death after slashing his wrists.
若再晚兩分鐘割腕的他就會因失血過多而死。
② (VERB) 揮砍;劈 If you slash at a person or thing, you quickly hit at them with something such as a knife.
● He slashed at her, aiming carefully.?他仔細地瞄準她劈了過去。
③ (VERB) 大量削減 To slash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount.
● Car makers could be forced to slash prices after being accused of overcharging yesterday...
昨天被指控要價太高之后，汽車生產商可能會被迫大幅度降價。
● Everyone agrees that subsidies have to be slashed.?所有人都同意必須大幅度削減補貼。
④ () 斜線號 You say slash to refer to a sloping line that separates letters, words, or numbers. For example, if you are giving the number 340/2/K you say 'Three four zero, slash two, slash K.'
