本文介紹如何使用 Alamofire 來實現HTTPS網絡請求，由于Alamofire就是對URLSession的封裝，所以實現起來區別不大。
- 證書的生成以及服務器配置
- Alamofire使用HTTPS進行網絡請求
- 證書導入
通過客戶端瀏覽器訪問HTTPS服務需要安裝“mykey.p12”，“tomcat.cer”這兩個證書。同樣，我們開發的應用中也需要把這兩個證書添加進來。同時在 “工程” -> “Build Phases” -> “Copy Bundle Resources” 中添加這兩個證書文件。 - 配置
Info.plist
由于我們使用的是自簽名的證書，而蘋果ATS（App Transport Security）只信任知名CA頒發的證書，所以在iOS9下即使是HTTPS請求還是會被ATS攔截。
所以在Info.plist下添加如下配置（iOS8不需要）：
- 證書導入
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
- 使用兩個證書進行雙向驗證以及網絡請求
import UIKit
import Alamofire
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
//認證相關設置
let manager = SessionManager.default
manager.delegate.sessionDidReceiveChallenge = { session, challenge in
//認證服務器證書
if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
== NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust {
print("服務端證書認證！")
let serverTrust:SecTrust = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust!
let certificate = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(serverTrust, 0)!
let remoteCertificateData
= CFBridgingRetain(SecCertificateCopyData(certificate))!
let cerPath = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "tomcat", ofType: "cer")!
let cerUrl = URL(fileURLWithPath:cerPath)
let localCertificateData = try! Data(contentsOf: cerUrl)
if (remoteCertificateData.isEqual(localCertificateData) == true) {
let credential = URLCredential(trust: serverTrust)
challenge.sender?.use(credential, for: challenge)
return (URLSession.AuthChallengeDisposition.useCredential,
URLCredential(trust: challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust!))
} else {
return (.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
}
}
//認證客戶端證書
else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
== NSURLAuthenticationMethodClientCertificate {
print("客戶端證書認證！")
//獲取客戶端證書相關信息
let identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust = self.extractIdentity();
let urlCredential:URLCredential = URLCredential(
identity: identityAndTrust.identityRef,
certificates: identityAndTrust.certArray as? [AnyObject],
persistence: URLCredential.Persistence.forSession);
return (.useCredential, urlCredential);
}
// 其它情況（不接受認證）
else {
print("其它情況（不接受認證）")
return (.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
}
}
//數據請求
Alamofire.request("https://192.168.1.112:8443")
.responseString { response in
print(response)
}
}
//獲取客戶端證書相關信息
func extractIdentity() -> IdentityAndTrust {
var identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust!
var securityError:OSStatus = errSecSuccess
let path: String = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "mykey", ofType: "p12")!
let PKCS12Data = NSData(contentsOfFile:path)!
let key : NSString = kSecImportExportPassphrase as NSString
let options : NSDictionary = [key : "123456"] //客戶端證書密碼
//create variable for holding security information
//var privateKeyRef: SecKeyRef? = nil
var items : CFArray?
securityError = SecPKCS12Import(PKCS12Data, options, &items)
if securityError == errSecSuccess {
let certItems:CFArray = items as CFArray!;
let certItemsArray:Array = certItems as Array
let dict:AnyObject? = certItemsArray.first;
if let certEntry:Dictionary = dict as? Dictionary<String, AnyObject> {
// grab the identity
let identityPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["identity"];
let secIdentityRef:SecIdentity = identityPointer as! SecIdentity!
print("\(identityPointer) :::: \(secIdentityRef)")
// grab the trust
let trustPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["trust"]
let trustRef:SecTrust = trustPointer as! SecTrust
print("\(trustPointer) :::: \(trustRef)")
// grab the cert
let chainPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["chain"]
identityAndTrust = IdentityAndTrust(identityRef: secIdentityRef,
trust: trustRef, certArray: chainPointer!)
}
}
return identityAndTrust;
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
}
}
//定義一個結構體，存儲認證相關信息
struct IdentityAndTrust {
var identityRef:SecIdentity
var trust:SecTrust
var certArray:AnyObject
}
- 只使用一個客戶端證書
由于我們使用的是自簽名的證書，那么對服務器的認證全由客戶端這邊判斷。也就是說其實使用一個客戶端證書“mykey.p12”也是可以的（項目中也只需導入一個證書）。
當對服務器進行驗證的時候，判斷服務主機地址是否正確，是的話信任即可
import UIKit
import Alamofire
class ViewController: UIViewController {
//自簽名網站地址
let selfSignedHosts = ["192.168.1.112", "www.hangge.com"]
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
//認證相關設置
let manager = SessionManager.default
manager.delegate.sessionDidReceiveChallenge = { session, challenge in
//認證服務器（這里不使用服務器證書認證，只需地址是我們定義的幾個地址即可信任）
if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
== NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust
&& self.selfSignedHosts.contains(challenge.protectionSpace.host) {
print("服務器認證！")
let credential = URLCredential(trust: challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust!)
return (.useCredential, credential)
}
//認證客戶端證書
else if challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod
== NSURLAuthenticationMethodClientCertificate {
print("客戶端證書認證！")
//獲取客戶端證書相關信息
let identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust = self.extractIdentity();
let urlCredential:URLCredential = URLCredential(
identity: identityAndTrust.identityRef,
certificates: identityAndTrust.certArray as? [AnyObject],
persistence: URLCredential.Persistence.forSession);
return (.useCredential, urlCredential);
}
// 其它情況（不接受認證）
else {
print("其它情況（不接受認證）")
return (.cancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil)
}
}
//數據請求
Alamofire.request("https://192.168.1.112:8443")
.responseString { response in
print(response)
}
}
//獲取客戶端證書相關信息
func extractIdentity() -> IdentityAndTrust {
var identityAndTrust:IdentityAndTrust!
var securityError:OSStatus = errSecSuccess
let path: String = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "mykey", ofType: "p12")!
let PKCS12Data = NSData(contentsOfFile:path)!
let key : NSString = kSecImportExportPassphrase as NSString
let options : NSDictionary = [key : "123456"] //客戶端證書密碼
//create variable for holding security information
//var privateKeyRef: SecKeyRef? = nil
var items : CFArray?
securityError = SecPKCS12Import(PKCS12Data, options, &items)
if securityError == errSecSuccess {
let certItems:CFArray = items as CFArray!;
let certItemsArray:Array = certItems as Array
let dict:AnyObject? = certItemsArray.first;
if let certEntry:Dictionary = dict as? Dictionary<String, AnyObject> {
// grab the identity
let identityPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["identity"];
let secIdentityRef:SecIdentity = identityPointer as! SecIdentity!
print("\(identityPointer) :::: \(secIdentityRef)")
// grab the trust
let trustPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["trust"]
let trustRef:SecTrust = trustPointer as! SecTrust
print("\(trustPointer) :::: \(trustRef)")
// grab the cert
let chainPointer:AnyObject? = certEntry["chain"]
identityAndTrust = IdentityAndTrust(identityRef: secIdentityRef,
trust: trustRef, certArray: chainPointer!)
}
}
return identityAndTrust;
}
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
}
}
//定義一個結構體，存儲認證相關信息
struct IdentityAndTrust {
var identityRef:SecIdentity
var trust:SecTrust
var certArray:AnyObject
}
