A Tour of Go
中文版
（方法部分看完，并發(fā)沒看）
一部分內(nèi)容在無聞視頻中講解過了，筆記戳這里
大神寫的練習(xí)解答，戳這里
Packages
- the package name is the same as the last element of the import path. For instance, the "math/rand" package comprises files that begin with the statement package rand.
引用如果是“name1/name2”形式，包名是name2
示例程序中是rand.Intn(10)，輸出1，每次輸出不變，因?yàn)榄h(huán)境是確定的，如果想要不同輸出，要用 rand.Seed
.鏈接里有解釋，(If Seed is not called, the generator behaves as if seeded by Seed(1).)
Import
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
Exported names
可見性原則
要使用 引入包中的參數(shù)，肯定是大寫，不然是不能引用的
比如：math.pi ×，math.Pi √
Functions
可以一個(gè)參數(shù)或多個(gè)參數(shù)，參數(shù)名在前，類型災(zāi)后
Basic types
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/cmplx"
)
var (
ToBe bool = false
MaxInt uint64 = 1<<64 - 1
z complex128 = cmplx.Sqrt(-5 + 12i)
)
func main() {
const f = "%T(%v)\n"
fmt.Printf(f, ToBe, ToBe)
fmt.Printf(f, MaxInt, MaxInt)
fmt.Printf(f, z, z)
}
//output：bool(false)
//uint64(18446744073709551615)
//complex128((2+3i))
輸出結(jié)果的地方注意：輸出類型，值
for
無聞視頻中講過，補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)
死循環(huán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)在go里也非常簡(jiǎn)單
func main() {
for {
}
}
IF FOR 練習(xí)
牛頓法開平方（以前好像在知乎上看到過一個(gè)人說自己的面試經(jīng)歷，面試一家大公司，問了開平方，他講了牛頓法，結(jié)果面試官不知道是啥，然后他就很詳細(xì)的講解了牛頓法，但是我找不到那段話了，不然可以放過來，如果有人也見過可以私我）
簡(jiǎn)單來說就是，比如開平方x，隨便猜一個(gè)結(jié)果a,a+x/2得出新的結(jié)果，每次都這樣算，得出的新結(jié)果會(huì)非常接近正確答案
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
func Sqrt(x float64) float64 {
z := 1.0
for {
tmp := z - (z*z-x)/(2*z)
fmt.Println(tmp)
if tmp == z || math.Abs(tmp-z) < 0.000000000001 {
break
}
z = tmp
}
return z
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(Sqrt(2.0))
fmt.Println(math.Sqrt(2.0))
}
Switch
Switch without a condition is the same as switch true.
Struct
Struct fields are accessed using a dot.
Struct fields can be accessed through a struct pointer.
注意！To access the field X of a struct when we have the struct pointer p we could write(p).X. However, that notation is cumbersome, so the language permits us instead to write just p.X, without the explicit dereference.*結(jié)構(gòu)體，可以不加*，就是不用解引用
Struct Literals字面量賦值方式
type Vertex struct {
X, Y int
}
var (
v1 = Vertex{1, 2} // has type Vertex
v2 = Vertex{X: 1} // Y:0 is implicit
)
Slice
數(shù)組和slice的區(qū)別是聲明的時(shí)候[]中有沒有規(guī)定大小！
s := []struct { //匿名結(jié)構(gòu)體，
i int
b bool
}{
//這里是slice 字面量賦值
{2, true},
{3, false},
{5, true},
{7, true},
{11, false},
{13, true},
}
fmt.Println(s)
func main() {
var s []int
printSlice(s)
// append works on nil slices.
s = append(s, 0)
printSlice(s)
// The slice grows as needed.
s = append(s, 1)
printSlice(s)
// We can add more than one element at a time.
//注意這里，擴(kuò)容，之前cap=2，不夠，所以cap=2*2=4， 還是不夠， cap繼續(xù)擴(kuò)容=4*2=8
s = append(s, 2, 3, 4)
printSlice(s)
}
func printSlice(s []int) {
fmt.Printf("len=%d cap=%d %v\n", len(s), cap(s), s)
}
//輸出
len=0 cap=0 []
len=1 cap=2 [0]
len=2 cap=2 [0 1]
len=5 cap=8 [0 1 2 3 4]
Range
package main
import "fmt"
var pow = []int{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}
func main() {
for i, v := range pow {
fmt.Printf("2**%d = %d\n", i, v)
}
}
一個(gè)經(jīng)典例子，當(dāng)初我查range的時(shí)候到處都是這個(gè)例子，還有一點(diǎn)提一下，返回值想舍棄的時(shí)候用_
exercise：Slice
注意：slice內(nèi)部的slice要單獨(dú)聲明
package main
import "golang.org/x/tour/pic"
func Pic(dx, dy int) [][]uint8 {
picture := make([][]uint8, dy)
for i := 0; i < dy; i++ {
//注意這里，slice內(nèi)部的slice要單獨(dú)聲明
picture[i] = make([]uint8,dx)
for j := 0; j < dx; j++ {
picture[i][j] = uint8((dx + dy) / 2)
}
}
return picture
}
func main() {
pic.Show(Pic)
}
Maps
//初始化
m := make(map[string]int)
//賦值
m["Answer"] = 42
//多返回值，ok，用來判斷該key對(duì)應(yīng)的有沒有value值，返回bool
v, ok := m["Answer"]
fmt.Println("The value:", v, "Present?", ok)
map exercise
package main
import (
"golang.org/x/tour/wc"
"strings"
"fmt"
)
func WordCount(s string) map[string]int {
counter := make(map[string]int)
arr := strings.Fields(s)
for _, val := range arr {
counter[val]++
fmt.Println(counter[val],val)
}
return counter
}
func main() {
wc.Test(WordCount)
}
閉包、closures
package main
import "fmt"
func adder() func(int) int {
sum := 0
return func(x int) int {
sum += x
return sum
}
}
func main() {
pos, neg := adder(), adder()
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
fmt.Println(
pos(i),
neg(-2*i),
)
}
}
輸出：
0 0
1 -2
3 -6
6 -12
10 -20
15 -30
21 -42
28 -56
36 -72
45 -90
readers
package main
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"strings"
)
func main() {
r := strings.NewReader("Hello, Reader!")
b := make([]byte, 8)
for {
n, err := r.Read(b)
fmt.Printf("n = %v err = %v b = %v\n", n, err, b,string(b))
fmt.Printf("b[:n] = %q\n", b[:n])
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
}
}
output;
n = 8 err = <nil> b = [72 101 108 108 111 44 32 82]
%!(EXTRA string=Hello, R)b[:n] = "Hello, R"
n = 6 err = <nil> b = [101 97 100 101 114 33 32 82]
%!(EXTRA string=eader! R)b[:n] = "eader!"
n = 0 err = EOF b = [101 97 100 101 114 33 32 82]
%!(EXTRA string=eader! R)b[:n] = ""
