day 8?

Words and Expressions ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

1. derail: verb.?/ n ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(1) If a train derails or is derailed, it comes off the rail tracks. ?使（火車）出軌 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(2)?to prevent?a plan?or process?from succding. 阻撓 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.

2. breach : n ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??(1) tha act of breaking? law, promise, aggreement, or relationship. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?破壞，違犯，違反，不履行 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??eg. They felt? that our discussion with other companies constituted a breach of/? ? in our agreement. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? be in breach of sth:? to be breaking a particular law or rule 違反（法律或規(guī)章） ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. The theatre was in breach of the safety laws for having no fire doors. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??(2) a hole that is made in a wall or in another structure being used for protection during an attack?（墻或防御工事上的）缺口 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg.?A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls.

Verb. ? (1) to break a law, promise, agreement, or relationship 破壞，違犯；違反 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. They breached the agreement they had made with their employer.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(2) to make an opening in a wall or fence, especially in order to attack someone or something behind it（尤指為從背后突襲）在…上打開缺口 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.?Their defences were easily breached.

3. extortion: N-UNCOUNT : the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats. 勒索， 威脅 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??eg. He has been charged with extortion and abusing his power.?

4. prosthetics: N the branch of surgery concerned with prosthesis 修復(fù)學(xué) ? ?詞根：prosthesis ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

??n.?prosthesis 假體；添字首音； ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? prosthetist 修復(fù)學(xué)家 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? prosthodontics 假牙修復(fù)學(xué)；假牙修復(fù)術(shù)（等于prosthodontia）

5. gadget? N-COUNT ：?a small device or machine with a particular purpose?小器具；小裝置；小玩意兒 ??kitchen gadgets ：?廚房器具

eg. Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites.

6. insulin :?a hormone in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood ? ? ? ? ?胰島素

7. pacemaker?noun [ C ] ?(runner) also pacesetter: ?the person or animal that establishes the speed in a race, or a person or organization that is an example for others by being successful ??領(lǐng)跑人，領(lǐng)跑動物；帶頭人，標(biāo)兵

pacemaker noun [ C ] (device)? 心臟起搏器

?8. vigilance ?noun [ U ]?more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger ?警覺；警戒；警惕

eg. The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.

9. wizardry ?noun [ U ]

?(1)?the skill of a wizard?巫術(shù)，魔法 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??(2)?clever or surprising ways of doing things, especially with special machines（尤指使用特殊機(jī)器的）奇妙方法

eg. Using their high-tech wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen property within hours of it being seized.

10. paranoia?n. an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you?疑神疑鬼，多疑

There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment.

[ U ] (2) ?妄想癥；偏執(zhí)狂

11. encryption: n 加密 ? v. encrypt

data encryption數(shù)據(jù)加密 ??encryption technology加密技術(shù)

12. hamper: ?v. to prevent someone doing something easily ?阻礙，妨礙

eg. Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?n. 食品盒；洗衣籃

13. gizmo?noun [ C ] informal : ?any small device with a particular purpose?小裝置；小玩意兒；小東西

eg. electronic gizmos ??小電子裝置

14. botnet: N a network of computers infected by a program that communicates with its creator in order to send unsolicited emails, attack websites, etc 僵尸網(wǎng)絡(luò); 被一程序感染的計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，該程序接收程序創(chuàng)建者指令，向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大量主機(jī)發(fā)送不請自來的郵件、攻擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)等

15. moot:?verb (formal) :?to suggest something for discussion?提出…供討論?eg. The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.

adj.(1)? often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer有討論余地的；未決的 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??(2)(IN LAW) ?If a legal question is moot, it does not need to be dealt with, because something has happened that solves the issue.?無實(shí)際意義的

eg. The court's decision became moot when the defendant was found dead.noun [ C ] UK ? /mu?t/ US ? /mu?t/ specialized

n.（法學(xué)院學(xué)生的）模擬審判，模擬案件討論 ?a moot court ?模擬法庭

16. disclaimer noun [ C ]?

(1) a formal statement saying that you are not legally responsible for something, such as the information given in a book or on the internet, or that you have no direct involvement in it?否認(rèn)；否認(rèn)聲明

?(2) specialized law a formal statement giving up your legal claim to something or ending your connection with it?放棄書，棄權(quán)書

17. premium?[ C ] ?(1) an amount that is more than usual?獎金，津貼；加價；附加費(fèi) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??eg. We're willing to pay a premium for the best location.

(2) an amount of money paid to get insurance ?保險費(fèi) ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. Car insurance premiums have increased this year.

18. prod?v & n?

?(1)?to push something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? （用手指、尖物等）刺，捅；戳 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. I prodded her in the back to get her attention.

(2) to encourage someone to take action, especially when they are being slow or ? ? ? unwilling ??激勵，促使，敦促 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg.?He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.

19. default verb:?to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do ? ? ? ? default on: ? ? ??拖欠，不履行債務(wù)；違約 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.?People who default on their mortgage repayments may have their home repossessed.

N-UNCOUNT Default is also a noun. a.?不履行; 違約 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.?The corporation may be charged with default on its contract with the government. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?b.?A default situation is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it. 原樣的 ? eg.?He appeared unimpressed; but then, unimpressed was his default state.

c.? In computing, the default is a particular set of instructions which the computer always uses unless the person using the computer gives other instructions. 默認(rèn)值? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg. The default setting on Windows Explorer will not show these files.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? d. by default : If something happens by default, it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened. 在另外的可能性沒有發(fā)生的情況下? ? ? eg. I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default.

20. excoriate:?verb?to write or say that a play, book, political action, etc. is very bad ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??嚴(yán)厲指責(zé)，痛斥（戲劇、書、政治行為等）

eg. His latest novel received excoriating reviews.

21.lax:?without much care, attention, or control ? ?馬虎的；不嚴(yán)格的；不嚴(yán)厲的

eg. The subcommittee contends that the authorities were lax in investigating most of the casesDay 9 神詞神句組：

day 9?

神句神詞組翻譯& 思維導(dǎo)圖

神句組：

1. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.

人們不禁會認(rèn)為只要運(yùn)用科技的魔力，開發(fā)更多安全保護(hù)的應(yīng)用，同時提醒用戶提高警惕便可以解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的問題。

2. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.

要提高對安全性問題的重視需要培養(yǎng)一種發(fā)現(xiàn)安全隱患就要及時解決的意識，而這樣的意識通常是非科技公司所不具備的。

3. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.

人們最開始發(fā)明網(wǎng)絡(luò)時并沒有考慮到安全性問題，這也是造成計算機(jī)存在嚴(yán)重安全隱患的重要原因之一。

4. Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.

使用一套對所有人通用的強(qiáng)大加密技術(shù)才能最好地提升計算機(jī)安全性能。

5. A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.

公司采取適當(dāng)措施提高安全性能，但要避免破產(chǎn)最終還得向保險公司妥協(xié)。

6. But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.

設(shè)立最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的目的也正在于此。

7. Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.

對于硅谷來說，其“快速發(fā)展，不斷突破”的創(chuàng)新方式只有在其尚不完善時卻能獲得較多的自主權(quán)不斷推出自己新的產(chǎn)品這種情況下才有可能獲得成功。

神詞組：

Take security serious enough: 認(rèn)真對待安全性問題

Take advantage of: 利用

Point of illicit entry: 非法入口

Create incentives for safer behavior:

Refrain from doing sth: 阻止/抑制……做某事

Spark calls for: 引發(fā)號召

Hamper the ability of: 削弱…..的能力

Oblige sb to do sth: 迫使某人做某事

Disclaim liability for: 否認(rèn)對……負(fù)有責(zé)任

Draw comparisons to: 和…..比較

Lax attitude: 馬虎的態(tài)度

Come down hard with: 嚴(yán)加管理

思維導(dǎo)圖

day 10 ? 總結(jié)與反思

? ? ? ? ?經(jīng)過前兩篇文章的洗禮，閱讀第三篇文章時會明顯感覺輕松了一些。雖然目前還沒有發(fā)生質(zhì)的改變，不過慢慢感覺自己的進(jìn)步還是蠻有成就感的。整理詞匯感覺越來越得心應(yīng)手，格式調(diào)整了一下，瞬間順眼一些了哈。畫邏輯思維導(dǎo)圖的時候也不會再抓耳撓腮，半天不知從何瞎逼，神句翻譯練習(xí)的速度也加快了一些。但是問題依然存在，需要繼續(xù)改進(jìn)。我邏輯思維導(dǎo)圖邏輯不夠嚴(yán)密，有些地方扣的"帽子" 概括性、準(zhǔn)確性還不夠。今天聽了篤師的音頻，學(xué)到了一個一般思路，即“提出問題，解決問題，給出現(xiàn)狀和未來趨勢，一正一反交替論證法” ，感覺很有道理，打算下篇文章自己就去驗(yàn)證一下哈，哈哈。神句翻譯，首先的理解好原文的意思。意思搞錯了翻得再好也白搭。而且在翻譯的時候一定要把句子放到文章中聯(lián)系上下文，這樣便于理解，有助于翻譯。同時，在翻譯時我還應(yīng)該注意措辭表達(dá)，感覺自己的中文不夠地道，怪別扭的。要繼續(xù)好好補(bǔ)語文！先廢話到這吧。再接再厲，只為遇見更好的自己！