在使用英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意區(qū)別延時(shí)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞以及這兩類動(dòng)詞的不同的習(xí)慣用法。
中文也有延時(shí)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念，只是在使用時(shí)，不像英語(yǔ)，會(huì)造成理解上的問(wèn)題。
不注意英語(yǔ)的這個(gè)習(xí)慣用法，就會(huì)在中英對(duì)譯時(shí)出錯(cuò)：
例（1）
——你遲到了。火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了半個(gè)小時(shí)。
誤譯：You are late. The train has left for half an hour.
正譯：You are late. The train has been away for half an hour.
正譯：You are late. The train left half an hour ago.
例（2）
——He has written two books since he was ill.
誤譯：他自生病以來(lái)，已經(jīng)寫了兩本書了。
正譯：他病好后，已經(jīng)寫了兩本書了。
1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)
（1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞作
如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
（2）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：for 2 years / since引導(dǎo)的從句 / since last year / since 5 days ago / how long / for a long time等。
例句:
——He has lived here for 6 years.
——You can keep the book for 5 days.
——I stayed there for 2 weeks last year
——How long did you stay there last year?
2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)
（1） 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞, 表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作, 這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:
open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, find等。
（2） 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock
例:
——He died 5 years ago.
（3） 非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能和表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用：
例：He has come here for two hours. (錯(cuò)句)
注意：
終止性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:
——I haven't left here for 3 years.
——I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
3. 延時(shí)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞在until引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法：
(1) 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用否定句：
例：
——I didn’t realize the importance of English until I worked for a trade company.
(2) 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用肯定句：
例：
——I will be free until 4 pm.
4. 延時(shí)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞在since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法：
（1）連詞since引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句,如果從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間從該動(dòng)作完成或結(jié)束算起; 雖然句子形式上是肯定句，但翻譯時(shí)，意思否定。
例：
——That was really a splendid evening. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much. (我已多年沒(méi)有玩得如此開(kāi)心。)
——It has been a long time since I studied English. (我不學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)好久了。)
——He has written two books since he was ill. (他不生病后—-即他病好后已經(jīng)寫了兩本書了。)
（2）如果從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生后算起。
例：
——It’s two years since he left his hometown. （他離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)兩年了。 ）
——It has been a long time since I saw you last. (上次見(jiàn)你后已經(jīng)過(guò)了好久)
練習(xí)：
When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
—–How long _____ you _____ ill ? —–Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
—– How long can I ______ the book? —— Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
Key:
1—5 D C A B B;
6—10 C A AB C;
11—15 B C C C B;
16—20 C A C D D
