文件夾操作大全(swift)

iOS開發遇到讀文件，寫文件等，對文件和文件夾的操作，這時就可以使用FileManager，FileHandle等類來實現。下面總結了各種常用的操作：

1. 遍歷一個目錄下的所有文件

假設用戶文檔下Document有如下文件和文件夾：test1.txt、fold1/test2.txt
（1）首先我們獲取用戶文檔目錄路徑

let ma
![Uploading 2016122717091893194_115949.png . . .]nager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
print(url)

(2). 對指定路徑執行淺搜索，返回指定目錄路徑下的文件、子目錄及符號鏈接的列表

let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: url.path)
print("contentsOfPath: \(contentsOfPath)")

(3). 類似上面的，對指定路徑執行淺搜索，返回指定目錄路徑下的文件、子目錄及符號鏈接的列表

let contentsOfURL = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(at: url,
                        includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles)
print("contentsOfURL: \(contentsOfURL)")

(4). 深度遍歷，會遞歸遍歷子文件夾（但不會遞歸符號鏈接）

let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumerator(atPath: url.path)
print("enumeratorAtPath: \(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)")

(5). 類似上面的，深度遍歷，會遞歸遍歷子文件夾（但不會遞歸符號鏈接）

let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumerator(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil,
                                         options: .skipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler:nil)
print("enumeratorAtURL: \(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)")

(6). 深度遍歷，會遞歸遍歷子文件夾（包括符號鏈接，所以要求性能的話用enumeratorAtPath）

let subPaths = manager.subpaths(atPath: url.path)
print("subPaths: \(subPaths)")
2. 判斷文件或文件夾是否存在
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let exist = fileManager.fileExists(atPath: filePath)
3，創建文件夾

方式1：

let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFolder/Files"
let fileManager = FileManager.default
 
//withIntermediateDirectories為ture表示路徑中間如果有不存在的文件夾都會創建
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory,
                        withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)

方式2：

func createFolder(name:String,baseUrl:NSURL){
    let manager = FileManager.default
    let folder = baseUrl.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
    print("文件夾: \(folder)")
    let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: folder!.path)
    if !exist {
        try! manager.createDirectory(at: folder!, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
                                     attributes: nil)
    }
}
     
//在文檔目錄下新建folder目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
createFolder(name: "folder", baseUrl: url)
4，將對象寫入文件

可以通過write(to:)方法，可以創建文件并將對象寫入，對象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。
（1）把String保存到文件

let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let info = "歡迎來到hange.com"
try! info.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

（2）把圖片保存到文件路徑下

let filePath = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.png"
let image = UIImage(named: "apple.png")
let data:Data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image!)!
try? data.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: filePath))

（3）把NSArray保存到文件路徑下

let array = NSArray(objects: "aaa","bbb","ccc")
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
array.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true)

（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路徑下

let dictionary:NSDictionary = ["Gold": "1st Place", "Silver": "2nd Place"]
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
dictionary.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true)
5，創建文件
func createFile(name:String, fileBaseUrl:URL){
    let manager = FileManager.default
     
    let file = fileBaseUrl.appendingPathComponent(name)
    print("文件: \(file)")
    let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: file.path)
    if !exist {
        let data = Data(base64Encoded:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:.ignoreUnknownCharacters)
        let createSuccess = manager.createFile(atPath: file.path,contents:data,attributes:nil)
        print("文件創建結果: \(createSuccess)")
    }
}
 
//在文檔目錄下新建test.txt文件
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory,
                                   in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
createFile(name:"test.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
//createFile(name: "folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
6，復制文件

（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
try! fileManager.copyItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用戶文檔目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
 
// 將test.txt文件拷貝到文檔目錄根目錄下的copyed.txt文件
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
 
try! manager.copyItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)
7，移動文件

（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.moveItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用戶文檔目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
 
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 移動srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt）
try! manager.moveItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)
8，刪除文件

（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: srcUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用戶文檔目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
 
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 刪除文檔根目錄下的toUrl路徑的文件（copyed.txt文件）
try! manager.removeItem(at: toUrl)
9，刪除目錄下所有的文件

（1）方法1：獲取所有文件，然后遍歷刪除

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray = fileManager.subpaths(atPath: myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
    try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory + "/\(fn)")
}

（2）方法2：刪除目錄后重新創建該目錄

let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
                                 attributes: nil)
10，讀取文件
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
//方法1
let readHandler = try! FileHandle(forReadingFrom:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件內容: \(readString)")
 
//方法2
let data2 = manager.contents(atPath: file.path)
let readString2 = String(data: data2!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件內容: \(readString2)"
11, 在任意位置寫入數據
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾"
let appendedData = string.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
let writeHandler = try? FileHandle(forWritingTo:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.write(appendedData!)
12，文件權限判斷
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let readable = manager.isReadableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可讀: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可寫: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可執行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可刪除: \(deleteable)")
13，獲取文件屬性（創建時間，修改時間，文件大小，文件類型等信息）
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItem(atPath: file.path) //結果為Dictionary類型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")
14，獲取文件屬性（創建時間，修改時間，文件大小，文件類型等信息）
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItem(atPath: file.path) //結果為Dictionary類型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")

從 attributes 中獲取具體的屬性：

print("創建時間：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.creationDate]!)")
print("修改時間：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.modificationDate]!)")
print("文件大小：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.size]!)")
15，文件/文件夾比較
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: docPath.path)
 
//下面比較用戶文檔中前面兩個文件是否內容相同（該方法也可以用來比較目錄）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
    let path1 = docPath.path + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
    let path2 = docPath.path + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
    let equal = manager.contentsEqual(atPath: path1,andPath:path2)
    print("path1：\(path1)")
    print("path2：\(path2)")
    print("比較結果： \(equal)")
}
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