mysql高可用-讀寫分離-雙主多從

一.體系架構

在Keepalived + amoeba高可用負載均衡架構中,keepalived負責實現High-availability (HA) 功能控制前端機VIP(虛擬網絡地址),當有設備發生故障時,熱備服務器可以瞬間將VIP自動切換過來,實際運行中體驗只有2秒鐘切換時間,
通過amoeba mysql中間件對master和slave進行讀寫分離,主master負責寫,兩臺slave負責讀,備master負責實時同步主master的數據

二. 優點

  1. 讀寫分離
  2. mysql slave支持橫向擴展,提高性能
  3. 數據庫內容支持定期備份,在發生重大操作失誤后可以進行回退操作
  4. mysql master熱備,能在master出現問題后自動切換到另一臺備份master上繼續使用

三. 系統環境

兩臺負載機器安裝:centos7.2+docker+amoeba+keepalived,分別命名為:MYSQL_MASTER,MYSQL_BACKUP。
多臺mysql slave,這里使用兩臺

服務器 操作系統 IP地址 安裝軟件
MYSQL_MASTER Centos 7.2 64位 10.141.1.31 docker+amoeba+keepalived
MYSQL_BACKUP Centos 7.2 64位 10.141.1.5 docker+amoeba+keepalived
MYSQL_SLAVE_1 Centos 7.2 64位 10.141.1.12 docker+mysql
MYSQL_SLAVE_2 Centos 7.2 64位 10.141.1.25 docker+mysql
虛擬IP 10.141.1.8

四. 搭建環境

1. 主機準備

全部主機執行命令

setenforce 0 #關閉selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl stop firewalld #關閉防火墻
systemctl stop iptables #關閉iptables

2. docker安裝(全部主機執行命令)

a. 在線安裝

參考: (https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/#uninstall-old-versions)

yum install docker

b. 離線二進制安裝:

參考:(http://www.lxweimin.com/p/46b9a351f749)

3. 安裝mysql(全部安裝)

a. 拉取鏡像

docker pull mysql:5.7

b. 修改mysql配置文件,vim mysqld.cnf

[mysqld]
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
#log-error  = /var/log/mysql/error.log
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
#bind-address   = 127.0.0.1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server_id = 11               #備份寫12,不能一樣
auto-increment-offset = 1    #備份mysql填寫0
auto-increment-increment = 2 

c. 啟動mysql

docker run --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=1234 -p 3306:3306 -v /${PWD}/mysqld.cnf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf -d mysql:5.7

4. 設置mysql雙主多從

a. 賦權

(1)master給backup和兩個slave增加復制賬號

grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'10.141.1.5' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'10.141.1.12' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'10.141.1.25' identified by '123456';
flush  privileges;

(2)backup給master和兩個slave增加復制賬號

grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'10.141.1.31' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'10.141.1.12' identified by '123456';
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'10.141.1.25' identified by '123456';
flush  privileges;

(3)設置backup同步master

show master status; #在master執行,記住File和Position 值
change master to master_host='10.141.1.31',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=1207; #在backup執行,master_log_file為上面的File值,master_log_pos為Position 值
start slave; #啟動
show slave status\G; 查看Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running兩個值為yes即成功
image.png

(4)設置master同步backup

show master status; #在backup執行,記住File和Position 值
change master to master_host='10.141.1.5',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=1050; #在master執行,master_log_file為上面的File值,master_log_pos為Position 值
start slave; #啟動
show slave status\G; 查看Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running兩個值為yes即成功
image.png

(5)設置slave同步master

show master status; #在master執行,記住File和Position 值
change master to master_host='10.141.1.8',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=1207; #在backup執行,master_log_file為上面的File值,master_log_pos為Position 值
start slave; #啟動
show slave status\G; 查看Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running兩個值為yes即成功

5. 讀寫分離

a. 分配amoeba賬號,全部執行

grant all on *.* to 'amoeba'@'%' identified by '123';

b. 啟動amoeba服務

docker run --name amoeba -it -d -p 8066:8066 -v /${PWD}/conf:/usr/local/amoeba/conf commanderhu/amoeba

啟動后修改conf下的amoeba.xml ,dbServers.xml 文件,然后重啟

docker restart amoeba

c. 測試

mysql -uamoeba -p123 -P8066 -h10.141.1.8
show databases;

6. keepalived安裝配置

參考(http://www.lxweimin.com/p/72dfd4d4cf9bc

master配置

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   #vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql_port {     #檢測mysql服務是否在運行。有很多方式,比如進程,用腳本檢測等等
    script "/root/chk_mysql.sh"   #這里通過腳本監測
    interval 2                   #腳本執行間隔,每2s檢測一次
    weight -10                    #腳本結果導致的優先級變更,檢測失敗(腳本返回非0)則優先級 -5
    fall 2                    #檢測連續2次失敗才算確定是真失敗。會用weight減少優先級(1-255之間)
    rise 1                    #檢測1次成功就算成功。但不修改優先級
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    #nopreempt
    notify_master /root/to_master.sh
    unicast_src_ip  10.141.1.29
    unicast_peer {
                 10.141.1.24
    }
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 58
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.141.1.8
    }

track_script {               
   chk_mysql_port             
}
}

slave配置

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   #vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_script chk_mysql_port {     #檢測mysql服務是否在運行。有很多方式,比如進程,用腳本檢測等等
    script "/root/chk_mysql.sh"   #這里通過腳本監測
    interval 2                   #腳本執行間隔,每2s檢測一次
    weight -10                    #腳本結果導致的優先級變更,檢測失敗(腳本返回非0)則優先級 -5
    fall 2                    #檢測連續2次失敗才算確定是真失敗。會用weight減少優先級(1-255之間)
    rise 1                    #檢測1次成功就算成功。但不修改優先級
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    notify_master /root/to_master.sh
    #nopreempt
    unicast_src_ip  10.141.1.24
    unicast_peer {
                 10.141.1.29
    }
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 58
    priority 95
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.141.1.8
    }

   track_script {
     chk_mysql_port
   }
}

slave變master執行的腳本

re=`mysql -h10.141.1.29 -uroot -p1234 -e "show master status;" | grep -v File`

echo $re

binlog=`echo $re | awk '{print $1}'`
position=`echo $re | awk '{print $2}'`
echo $binlog ------ $position

mysql -h10.141.1.30 -uroot -p1234 -e "stop slave;change master to master_host='10.141.1.8',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='$binlog',master_log_pos=$position;start slave;show slave status\G;"
mysql -h10.141.1.4 -uroot -p1234 -e "stop slave;change master to master_host='10.141.1.8',master_port=3306,master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='$binlog',master_log_pos=$position;start slave;show slave status\G;"

檢查腳本

counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "3306"|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" -eq 0 ]; then
    #systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
fi
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