簡易線程控制方法:
新建線程,無返回值,不帶參
Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart());
thread.Start();
新建線程 ,無返回值,帶參數(shù)
Thread thread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(object));
thread.Start(object);
主線程等待異步線程運行結束后繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
thread.join();
中斷當前線程,拋出ThreadAbortException 異常,異常參數(shù)ExceptionState為object
Thread.CurrentThread.Abort(object);
?//取消終止,繼續(xù)執(zhí)行線程
Thread.ResetAbort();
通過線程池控制:
工作者線程,直接使用方式,無返回值,需傳遞object對象,可不帶參數(shù)默認為null
缺點:不可帶多個參數(shù),不可返回值
?ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(WaitCallback)
?ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(WaitCallback,Object)?
使用委托實現(xiàn)工作者線程:
可傳參數(shù),可獲得返回值,可跟蹤線程狀態(tài),線程結束后可回調(diào)指定方法,并可帶有自定義參數(shù)
class Program
??? {
??????? delegate void MyDelegate();
??????? static void Main(string[] args)
??????? {
??????????? MyDelegate delegate1 = new MyDelegate(METHOD);
??????????? var methods=delegate1.GetType().GetMethods();
??????????? if (methods != null)
??????????????? foreach (MethodInfo info in methods)
??????????????????? Console.WriteLine(info.Name);
??????????? Console.ReadKey();
???????? }
???? }
委托實例重要方法
public class MyDelegate:MulticastDelegate
??? {
??????? public MyDelegate(object target, int methodPtr);
??????? //調(diào)用委托方法
??????? public virtual void Invoke();
??????? //異步委托
??????? public virtual IAsyncResult BeginInvoke(AsyncCallback callback,object state);
??????? public virtual void EndInvoke(IAsyncResult result);
??? }
當調(diào)用Invoke()方法時,對應此委托的所有方法都會被執(zhí)行。而BeginInvoke與EndInvoke則支持委托方法的異步調(diào)用,由BeginInvoke啟動的線程都屬于CLR線程池中的工作者線程,在下面將詳細說明。
IAsyncResult BeginInvoke(string name,AsyncCallback callback,object state)
異步調(diào)用委托方法,BeginInvoke 方法除最后的兩個參數(shù)外,其它參數(shù)都是與方法參數(shù)相對應的。通過 BeginInvoke 方法將返回一個實現(xiàn)了 System.IAsyncResult 接口的對象,之后就可以利用EndInvoke(IAsyncResult ) 方法就可以結束異步操作,獲取委托的運行結果。
BeginInvoke,不調(diào)用回調(diào)函數(shù)方法? ,代碼實例:
class Program
??? {
??????? delegate string MyDelegate(string name);
??????? static void Main(string[] args)
??????? {
??????????? ThreadMessage("Main Thread");
???????????
??????????? //建立委托
??????????? MyDelegate myDelegate = new MyDelegate(Hello);
??????????? //異步調(diào)用委托,獲取計算結果
??????????? IAsyncResult result=myDelegate.BeginInvoke("Leslie", null, null);
??????????? //在異步線程未完成前執(zhí)行其他工作
??????????? while (!result.IsCompleted)
??????????? {
??????????????? Thread.Sleep(200);????? //虛擬操作
??????????????? Console.WriteLine("Main thead do work!");
??????????? }
????????? //同等方法實現(xiàn)上述操作
?????????? while (!result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(200))
??????????? {
??????????????? Console.WriteLine("Main thead do work!");
??????????? }
??????????? string data=myDelegate.EndInvoke(result);
??????????? Console.WriteLine(data);
???????????
??????????? Console.ReadKey();
??????? }
??????? static string Hello(string name)
??????? {
??????????? ThreadMessage("Async Thread");
??????????? Thread.Sleep(2000);
??????????? return "Hello " + name;
??????? }
??????? static void ThreadMessage(string data)
??????? {
??????????? string message = string.Format("{0}\n? ThreadId is:{1}",
?????????????????? data,Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
??????????? Console.WriteLine(message);
??????? }
??? }
當要監(jiān)視多個運行對象的時候,使用IAsyncResult.WaitHandle.WaitOne可就派不上用場了。
幸好.NET為WaitHandle準備了另外兩個靜態(tài)方法:WaitAny(waitHandle[], int)與WaitAll (waitHandle[] , int)。
其中WaitAll在等待所有waitHandle完成后再返回一個bool值。
而WaitAny是等待其中一個waitHandle完成后就返回一個int,這個int是代表已完成waitHandle在waitHandle[]中的數(shù)組索引。
下面就是使用WaitAll的例子,運行結果與使用 IAsyncResult.IsCompleted 相同。
??????????? //此處可加入多個檢測對象
??????????? WaitHandle[] waitHandleList = new WaitHandle[] { result.AsyncWaitHandle,........ };
??????????? while (!WaitHandle.WaitAll(waitHandleList,200))
??????????? {
??????????????? Console.WriteLine("Main thead do work!");
??????????? }
BeginInvoke,調(diào)用回調(diào)函數(shù)方法? ,代碼實例:
委托結果包含重要方法
public interface IAsyncResult
{
??? object AsyncState {get;}??????????? //獲取用戶定義的對象,它限定或包含關于異步操作的信息。
??? WailHandle AsyncWaitHandle {get;}?? //獲取用于等待異步操作完成的 WaitHandle。
??? bool CompletedSynchronously {get;}? //獲取異步操作是否同步完成的指示。
??? bool IsCompleted {get;}???????????? //獲取異步操作是否已完成的指示。
}
如果想為回調(diào)函數(shù)傳送一些外部信息,就可以利用BeginInvoke(AsyncCallback,object)的最后一個參數(shù)object,它允許外部向回調(diào)函數(shù)輸入任何類型的參數(shù)。只需要在回調(diào)函數(shù)中利用 AsyncResult.AsyncState 就可以獲取object對象。
class Program
??? {
??????? public class Person
??????? {
??????????? public string Name;
??????????? public int Age;
??????? }
??????? delegate string MyDelegate(string name);
??????? static void Main(string[] args)
??????? {
??????????? ThreadMessage("Main Thread");
??????????? //建立委托
??????????? MyDelegate myDelegate = new MyDelegate(Hello);
???????????
??????????? //建立Person對象
??????????? Person person = new Person();
??????????? person.Name = "Elva";
??????????? person.Age = 27;
???????????
??????????? //異步調(diào)用委托,輸入?yún)?shù)對象person, 獲取計算結果
??????????? myDelegate.BeginInvoke("Leslie", new AsyncCallback(Completed), person);???????????
?????????
??????????? //在啟動異步線程后,主線程可以繼續(xù)工作而不需要等待
??????????? for (int n = 0; n < 6; n++)
??????????????? Console.WriteLine("? Main thread do work!");
??????????? Console.WriteLine("");
??????????? Console.ReadKey();
??????? }
??????? static string Hello(string name)
??????? {
??????????? ThreadMessage("Async Thread");
??????????? Thread.Sleep(2000);
??????????? return "\nHello " + name;
??????? }
??????? static void Completed(IAsyncResult result)
??????? {
??????????? ThreadMessage("Async Completed");
??????????? //獲取委托對象,調(diào)用EndInvoke方法獲取運行結果
??????????? AsyncResult _result = (AsyncResult)result;
??????????? MyDelegate myDelegate = (MyDelegate)_result.AsyncDelegate;
??????????? string data = myDelegate.EndInvoke(_result);
??????????? //獲取Person對象
??????????? Person person = (Person)result.AsyncState;
??????????? string message = person.Name + "'s age is " + person.Age.ToString();
??????????? Console.WriteLine(data+"\n"+message);
??????? }
??????? static void ThreadMessage(string data)
??????? {
??????????? string message = string.Format("{0}\n? ThreadId is:{1}",
?????????????????? data, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
??????????? Console.WriteLine(message);
??????? }
??? }
號外引申:
事件注冊委托,實現(xiàn)廣播功能
A首先聲明 委托和事件
??????? public delegate void DisplayUpdate(string message);
??????? //聲明事件
??????? public event DisplayUpdate ShowUpdate;
B?定義A的實例并 注冊事件
loginForm.ShowUpdate += new LoginForm.DisplayUpdate(loginincallback);
A調(diào)用事件,實現(xiàn)廣播功能
??????????????? if (ShowUpdate != null) ShowUpdate(message);