DAY 20
詞匯
1.ring out phr v
a voice, bell etc that rings out is loud and clear
The sound of a shot rang out.
2.Hoary
a hoary joke, remark etc is so well-known that people no longer find it amusing or interesting
.Not that hoary old chestnut (=old idea, joke, remark etc) again.
3.Graying
old-fashioned grey or white in colour, especially through age
The Minnesota Orchestra emerged from a fifteen-month lockout crisis
4.New York Philharmonic/ Minnesota Orchestra/Seattle Symphony
5.Spasm
6.morbidity
with a strong and unhealthy interest in unpleasant subjects, especially death
morbid fascination/curiosity
a morbid fascination with instruments of torture
The trip was made all the worse by Frankie's morbid fear of flying.
medical relating to or caused by a disease
a morbid gene
Variations
>morbidly ?adv
>morbidity ?n [U]
7.Fixated
adj [pred 作表語]
~ (on sb/sth) having an abnormal emotional attachment (to sb/sth)
（對某人[某事物]）固戀, 異常依戀:
He is fixated on things that remind him of his childhood.
8.The supposedly imminent demise of classical music
noun [sing.]
the end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company, etc.
(formal or humorous) death: his imminent / sudden / sad demise
9.To place that tradition in context,consider the infographic below
the situation, events, or information that are related to something and that help you to understand it
10.design credit
11.How superfluous it is to declare 2014 the year the art form kick the bucket
Superfluous
more than is needed or wanted
Synonym
Unnecessary/overflowed
Kick the bucket
old-fashioned to die - used humorously
12.There is a creepy bloodlust to the doom-mongering of classical music,as though an autopsy were being conducted on a still-breathing body.
13.Chamber ensemble 室內樂小組合奏；小組合奏團；小組室樂訓練
14. purport
(fml 文) general meaning or intention (of sth) 主要意義; 大意; 意圖:
The purport of the statement is that the firm is bankrupt. 該項聲明大意是該商行已破產.
> purport / p??p??t; p?ˋp?rt/ v [Tt]
(fml 文) be meant to seem (to be); claim or pretend 意思似乎是; 聲稱; 偽稱:
The document purports to be an official statement. 該文件據稱是一項正式聲明.
15.purportedly comatose
16.Graying
<the greying of sth>
the situation in which the average age of a population increases, so that there are more old people than there were in the past
the graying of classical music audiences
17.classical-music concern-trolls toss poorly aimed barbs.
Troll
v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) fish with a rod and line by pulling bait through the water behind a boat （在船後用桿和繩）拖餌釣魚: trolling for pike 拖釣狗魚.
Toss
(a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) throw sth lightly or carelessly or easily 扔; 拋; 擲:
He tossed the book down on the table. 他把書扔在桌子上.
* toss sth aside/away/out 把某物丟在一邊[丟開/丟掉]
* They were tossing a ball about. 他們把球扔來扔去.
* He tossed the beggar a coin/tossed a coin to the beggar. 他把一枚硬幣扔給乞丐. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of a bull, etc) throw (sb) up with the horns （指公牛等）以角挑起（某人）.
[Tn, Tn.p] jerk (one's head, etc), esp in contempt or indifference
猛然扭（頭等）（尤指以示輕視或冷漠）.
(cause sb/sth to) move restlessly from side to side or up and down （使某人[某物]）搖蕩, 搖擺, 顛簸:
branches tossing in the wind 迎風搖擺的樹枝
* I couldn't sleep, but kept tossing and turning/tossing about in bed all night. 我整夜在床上翻來復去睡不著.
* The ship was tossed back and forth by the waves. 那船隨波濤顛簸.
18.Abstruse
adj difficult to understand 難解的; 深奧的.
19.Jeremiad
n (fml 文) long, sad and complaining story of troubles, misfortunes, etc
悲傷的長篇故事; 血淚史.
20.Aberration
(a) [U] deviation from what is accepted as normal or right 偏差; 越軌:
steal sth in a moment of aberration 一時糊涂而偷東西.
(b) [C] moral or mental lapse; temporary loss of memory 失檢或失常; 一時失去記憶力
Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name. 由於一種莫名的精神錯亂, 他把自己的名字忘了.
[C] fault or defect 毛病; 差錯:
an aberration in the computer 計算機的差錯.
21.勃拉姆斯 [Brahms, Johannes]
(1833.5.7,漢堡～1897.4.3,奧匈帝國 維也納)
音樂, 人物小傳
德裔奧地利作曲家。為漢堡樂師之子，為鋼琴神童。1853年認識作曲家羅伯特·舒曼和C.舒曼夫婦；R.舒曼立即宣告他是一個天才，克拉拉·舒曼則成為他終身愛慕的對象。1863年移居維也納，這里成為他去世前的主要住所。曾經擔任過合唱團和樂團指揮、獨奏樂師等職務。《日耳曼安魂曲》(1868)的成功為他帶來國際聲譽。1876年完成的第一首交響樂，使他更為出名。小提琴協奏曲(1879)和第二首鋼琴協奏曲(1882)則使他獲得當代最偉大作曲家之名。他這些基于古典風格的作品被認為是守舊的，尤其是與F.李斯特和R.瓦格納的作品相比時更是如此。他的弦樂作品包括4首交響樂(1876、1877、1883、1885)，2首鋼琴協奏曲(1858、1881)，1首小提琴協奏曲(1878)、1首雙協奏曲(1887)、2首小夜曲(1858、1859)和2首序曲(1880)。他的大型室內樂作品有4首弦樂四重奏、2首弦樂六重奏、2首弦樂五重奏、3首鋼琴四重奏、3首鋼琴三重奏、3首小提琴奏鳴曲，2首大提琴奏鳴曲、2首單簧管和3首鋼琴奏鳴曲等。他還寫了一些合唱曲和250多首民謠歌曲。
22.Beethoven
德裔奧地利作曲家。生于音樂世家，自幼就是天賦絕佳的鋼琴師和中提琴手。在波恩擔任9年的宮廷樂師后，遷居維也納，受教于海頓門下，并在那里終老。他很快成為盡人皆知的演奏大師和作曲家，并成為第一位放棄教堂或宮廷雇用而成功維生的重要作曲家(雖然有3位識其才氣的貴族無條件地付給他年金)。他以獨特方式跨越古典時期和浪漫時期。他令人震撼的《英雄交響曲》(1803)就是宣布浪漫時代來臨的一聲霹靂，此曲體現了氣勢磅礴但又精密把握的能量，成為貝多芬風格的標記。他身材矮小，容貌平平，而且隨著年齡的增長性情越來越變得古怪。約1795年起耳朵漸聾，導致了幾乎自殺的憂郁癥，約從1819年起完全失聰。雖有過幾次無果的愛情，但終生未娶。在世的最后15年里，他是無與倫比的世界最聞名的作曲家。畢生作品包括著名的9部交響曲(1800～1824)，16首弦樂四重奏(1798～1826)，32首鋼琴奏鳴曲(1796～1822)，歌劇《菲岱里奧》(1805年；1814年修訂)，兩首彌撒曲(包括《莊嚴彌撒曲》[1823])，5首鋼琴協奏曲，1首小提琴協奏曲(1806)，6首鋼琴三重奏，10首小提琴奏鳴曲，5首大提琴奏鳴曲，以及幾首音樂會序曲。
23.The moral angle is bust.
adjective
[not usually before noun] (informal)
(BrE) broken:
My watch is bust.
(of a person or business) failed because of a lack of money:
We're bust!
We lost our money when the travel company went bust.
24.Palpable
that can be felt or touched 可觸知的; 摸得出的.
(fml 文) clear to the mind; obvious 明顯的; 明白的:
a palpable lie, error 明顯的謊言﹑ 錯誤.
> palpably adv.
25.Devote
(a) person who is devoted to sth; enthusiast
a devotee of sport, music, crime fiction, etc
(b) zealous supporter (of a sect, etc)
26.Acumen
the ability to think quickly and make good judgments
business/political/financial etc acumen
27.Pen
(formal) to write sth:
He penned a letter to the local paper.
~ sb/sth (in / up) ?to shut an animal or a person in a small space:
At clipping time sheep need to be penned.
The whole family were penned up in one room for a month.
28.blare
[I, Ip] ~ (out) make a loud harsh sound like a trumpet :
Car horns blared.
* The trumpets blared `out.
[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) produce or utter (such sounds)
The radio blared out pop music.
> blare n [U] blaring sound 巨大刺耳的聲音:
the blare of police sirens, a brass band
29.A cursory glance
adj (often derog 常作貶義)
done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried
a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc
30.hover around
If a something such as a price, value, or score hovers around a particular level, it stays at more or less that level and does not change much.
31.a niche market
noun [count] BUSINESS
the part of an industry that sells a particular type of product or service to the small number of customers who want it
A niche market means that targeting specific customer group for marketing and area of segment is very small that is known as niche marketing is the subset of the market on which a specific product is focused.
The market niche defines as the product features aimed at satisfying specific market needs, as well as the price range, production quality and the demographics that is intended to impact. It is also a small market segment. For example, sports channels like STAR Sports, ESPN, STAR Cricket, and Fox Sports target a niche of sports enthusiasts.
32.Cherry-pick
If someone cherry-picks people or things, they choose the best ones from a group of them, often in a way that other people consider unfair.
The club is in debt while others are queuing to cherry-pick their best players.
33.Crisis-ridden 危機四伏
<擴充>
-ridden
suffix
used with some nouns to make adjectives meaning full of something, usually something unpleasant or harmful:
a crime-ridden society
a guilt-ridden expression
34.Snuff out
[Tn] cut or pinch off the burnt black end of the wick of (a candle)
(idm 習語) `snuff it (Brit sl joc 俚, 謔) die
His dad snuffed it a couple of years ago.
(phr v) snuff sth out (a) put out (a candle flame, etc); extinguish sth
(b) put an end to sth; finish sth
His hopes were nearly snuffed out
DAY 21
邏輯圖：
與前幾篇相比，有一丟丟進步了（臭不要臉！哈！）這篇文章在做邏輯導圖的時候會簡單點，前面幾篇文章是從比較抽象零散的文字中提取，但這篇文章的結構更清晰一點，總分式。比較容易寫。感覺第一個邏輯圖會相對容易些，如何“反駁古典音樂已死”，文中給出的信息比較明顯，但還是要自己總結一下更為簡練。第二個“如何展開辯論”需要思考的更多一些。從institution到history、fund、market share、cultural effect。講真，感覺這兩個邏輯圖的后面差不多重合了~~
存在的問題：
細節性的東西還是太多，不夠簡練。
文章中諷刺意味體會得不夠到位，有些誤讀，在群里小伙伴幫助下解決了！
DAY 22
總結：
Instead, classical-music concern-trolls toss poorly aimed barbs. Critics blame the business (“It’s a charity case!” “Ticket sales will never account for all of its costs!”) and the culture (“Why all the abstruse rules of conduct?” “Why can’t I wear shorts?”) without having a clear grasp on either. There seems to be a deeper savagery at work, one that maniacally insists that a functioning industry reflect on itself, as though orchestra managers and opera intendants were oblivious to their own problems. “Listen to me!” the pundit demands, shaking classical music by its shoulders. “I have the stats. You’re dead.”
這一段在理解時遇到了問題，上面一段講到why not … 一系列看得出是諷刺，到了這一段腦子沒有連起來，導致了理解出現問題。
classical-music concern-trolls toss poorly aimed barbs.這句話講的是doomsayers反其道行之，關注點跑偏。一會兒抱怨沒有商業價值，一會說拘束多，沒有抓住重點，還非得去多管閑事讓一個好好運作的古典音樂跑去反省。說到激動點上，又補充到，我有證據，我有一堆數據可以說明classical music is dead.(腦補滑稽紅臉)
<補充內容>
Classical music
The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includesall Western art music from the Medieval era to the 2000s, and the specific meaning refers to theart music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.
Slate（magazine）
Slate is an online liberal / progressive magazine that covers current affairs, politics and culture in the United States. It was created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael Kinsley, initially under the ownership of Microsoft as part of MSN. On 21 December 2004, it was purchased by The Washington Post Company, later renamed the Graham Holdings Company. Since 4 June 2008, Slate has been managed by The Slate Group, an online publishing entity created by the Graham Holdings Company to develop and manage web-only magazines. Slate is based in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, DC.
Slate 曾經報道一篇題為Classical music in America is dead. 作者就是文中提到的
Mark Vanhoenacker
這篇報道中一段話指出了classical music is dead 的原因：
Classical music has been circling the drain for years, of course. There’s little doubt as to the causes: the fingernail grip of old music in a culture that venerates the new; new classical music that, in the words of Kingsley Amis, has about as much chance of public acceptance as pedophilia; formats like opera that are extraordinarily expensive to stage; and an audience that remains overwhelmingly old and white in an America that’s increasingly neither. Don’t forget the attacks on arts education, the Internet-driven democratization of cultural opinion, and the classical trappings—fancy clothes, incomprehensible program notes, an omerta-caliber code of audience silence—that never sit quite right in the homeland of popular culture.
Even if every seat were filled, the vast majority of U.S. symphony orchestras still would face significant performance deficits.
文章鏈接：
http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2014/01/classical_music_sales_decline_is_classical_on_death_s_door.html
還有一篇華盛頓郵報關于classical music 的報道 Classical music: dead or alive?
這篇文章主要就是針對Mark Vanhoenacker 報道的Classical music is dead 做出的評價和自己的看法。我個人比較贊同第二篇的觀點。這位作者站在一個相對客觀的角度上，既指出了Vanhoenacker 報道中的一些偏激和不正確的觀點，也承認了classical music 在發展過程中存在的不足，比如票房減少、靠古典樂為生的音樂家們經濟上也有困難，classical music 的crazy fans are emotional sometimes，等等。
最后一段給出了一個總結，take heart 既抽象也具體。Classical music is not dying. some people will write bad articles, and that doesn’t signal the death of journalism, either.一個類比鏗鏘有力，啪啪打臉，哈哈！
So I say to all of you: take heart. Classical music isn’t dying. I also say to all of you: some people will write bad articles, and that doesn’t signal the death of journalism, either. But for those of us who love the field, let’s think of more productive ways to marshall our intellectual resources than shooting fish in a barrel and congratulating each other about it afterwards. Indeed, such a vehement reaction looks suspiciously like protesting too much, and could lead an intelligent reader to suspect that the Slate article, poor as it is, might actually be onto something.
文章鏈接：
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/style/wp/2014/01/30/classical-music-dead-or-alive/?utm_term=.10fb4dbc16dc
個人感想
作為一名糙漢，對古典音樂了解甚少。趁著這次機會跑去搜了幾首貝多芬、巴赫、勃拉姆斯的曲子，矯情點說，仔細聽的話，真的有種洗滌心靈的感覺。這種感覺是現代大街上和網絡上的口水歌比不來的。我覺得古典音樂在一定程度上可以與我們的傳統文化進行對比。很久以來，我們就在討論傳統文化是否過時，一種聲音是傳統文化是經典，老祖宗的智慧，一定要傳承下去；另外一種聲音再喊，時代不同了，老一套過時了，沒有幾個人關心學習。如今社會上比較贊同的一個觀點是“取其精華，去其糟粕”。再來說一下古典音樂。無論中世紀教會音樂、巴洛克風格、古典主義、浪漫主義及現當代的序列主義、約翰·凱奇和譚盾的音樂，都屬于“古典音樂”范疇。格萊美的最佳當代古典音樂作曲獎就是頒給以古典風格作曲的當代音樂家。此外古典音樂(Classic Music)也包含了一層“經典音樂”的意思。在羅沃爾特音樂家傳記叢書中，貓王、列儂、阿姆斯特朗都被排在古典音樂家行列，可見到了20世紀，古典音樂已經突破了風格界限。就像人們說的，世界上只有兩種音樂：好音樂和不好的音樂。音樂沒有界限。在娛樂時代，古典音樂賦予我們一種追求經典品質的精神。古典音樂的市場經濟份額不大，經濟效益不夠驚人，但文化作為和經濟平起平坐的必不可少的一部分，不應只以經濟效益作為考核標準。支持classical music~~~
