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概況

掌握 Docker 在Centos的安裝：

操作系統：Win 10 家庭中文版
虛擬機軟件：Oracle VirtualBox 5.0.26 及以上
虛擬機操作系統： Centos 7
Docker 最新版本的安裝

安裝VirtualBox 和 Centos7

參考網頁：Win10 安裝 VirtualBox
參考網頁：VirtualBox 安裝 Centos7 虛擬機

安裝 Docker

參考頁面 - Centos 安裝 Docker：Installation on Centos
參考頁面 - 二進制包安裝方式：Installation from binaries

前置條件：

64位操作系統
Linux 內核是3.10或者更高（安裝Centos7的原因）
iptables version 1.4 or later
Git version 1.7 or later
procps (or similar provider of a “ps” executable)
XZ Utils 4.9 or later
a properly mounted cgroupfs hierarchy

上述內容只是讓我們清楚Docker的相關依賴，在具體安裝的時候，我們可以通過 yum 安裝的方式，自動解決依賴包的下載和安裝。

安裝步驟

更新當前軟件包到最新

[root@localhost ~]# yum update

添加 Docker 的 yum 倉庫

[root@localhost ~]# tee /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo <<-'EOF'
[dockerrepo]
name=Docker Repository
baseurl=https://yum.dockerproject.org/repo/main/centos/7/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://yum.dockerproject.org/gpg
EOF
[root@localhost ~]# du -sh /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo
4.0K    /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

安裝 Docker 軟件包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y docker-engine

安裝成功之后校驗檢查

查看 docker 軟件包是否已安裝包（yum list installed | grep docker）
查看 docker 軟件包有哪些執行文件（ls /usr/bin/*docker*）
查看 docker 系統服務配置文件是否存在（ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service -l）
查看 docker 版本（docker version）
查看 docker 默認配置文件目錄是否存在（ls /etc/docker/ -l）
查看 docker 默認運行時目錄是否存在（ls /var/lib/docker/ -l）
查看系統的邏輯卷組有哪些（vgs -a）
查看系統的 DeviceMapper 機制映射的邏輯設備有哪些（ls /dev/centos/ -l：docker默認方式會創建自己的邏輯設備）
查看網絡接口配置信息（ifconfig：docker用到網絡接口）
查看 iptables 規則配置信息（iptables --list：docker用到iptables）

下面是執行結果

[root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep docker
docker-engine.x86_64                 1.12.2-1.el7.centos             @dockerrepo
docker-engine-selinux.noarch         1.12.2-1.el7.centos             @dockerrepo
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:      1.12.2
 API version:  1.24
 Go version:   go1.6.3
 Git commit:   bb80604
 Built:
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon. Is the docker daemon running on this host?
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service -l
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 974 9月  28 01:22 /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/bin/*docker*
/usr/bin/docker                  /usr/bin/dockerd
/usr/bin/docker-containerd       /usr/bin/docker-proxy
/usr/bin/docker-containerd-ctr   /usr/bin/docker-runc
/usr/bin/docker-containerd-shim
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/docker/ -l
ls: 無法訪問/etc/docker/: 沒有那個文件或目錄
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/docker/ -l
ls: 無法訪問/var/lib/docker/: 沒有那個文件或目錄
[root@localhost ~]# vgs -a
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- 19.51g 40.00m
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/centos/ -l
總用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 10月 16 23:18 root -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 10月 16 23:18 swap -> ../dm-1
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/mapper/ -l
總用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 10月 16 23:18 centos-root -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 10月 16 23:18 centos-swap -> ../dm-1
crw-------. 1 root root 10, 236 10月 16 23:18 control
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.104  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2d:62c7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:2d:62:c7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1084  bytes 119437 (116.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 778  bytes 113093 (110.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# iptables --list
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

啟動服務

設置開機自動啟動 docker 服務（systemctl enable docker）
手工啟動 docker 服務（systemctl start docker）
查看 docker 版本（docker version）
顯示 docker 詳細信息（docker info）

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef| grep docker
root      2160     1  3 00:01 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd
root      2163  2160  0 00:01 ?        00:00:00 docker-containerd -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --shim docker-containerd-shim --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2m --state-dir /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/containerd --runtime docker-runc
root      2278  2003  0 00:01 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version:      1.12.2
API version:  1.24
Go version:   go1.6.3
Git commit:   bb80604
Built:
OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
Server:
Version:      1.12.2
API version:  1.24
Go version:   go1.6.3
Git commit:   bb80604
Built:
OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 1.12.2
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-67182400-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Base Device Size: 10.74 GB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 11.8 MB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 17.52 GB
Metadata Space Used: 581.6 kB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.147 GB
Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: 10.74 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Deferred Deletion Enabled: false
Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
WARNING: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` to specify a custom block storage device.
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2016-06-09)
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: null host bridge overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Security Options: seccomp
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.36.2.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.522 GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: VFSO:QWR6:ICKT:QGXY:UQXT:5VKN:L6E3:7JBE:OBVO:SQFK:PU2V:IBMS
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8

看看Docker 啟動之后有什么變化

查看 docker 版本（docker version）
查看 docker 默認配置文件目錄是否存在（ls /etc/docker/ -l）
查看 docker 默認運行時目錄是否存在（ls /var/lib/docker/ -l）
查看系統的 DeviceMapper 機制映射的邏輯設備有哪些（ls /dev/centos/ -l）
查看 docker 啟動后主程序的進程文件[.pid文件]和本地套接字[.sock文件]（ls /run/docker.* -l）
查看 docker 啟動之后子進程文件和對應的本地套接字（ls /run/docker/ -l）
查看網絡接口配置信息（ifconfig）
查看 iptables 規則配置信息（iptables --list）

命令運行結果如下：

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/docker/ -l
總用量 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 244 10月 17 00:01 key.json
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/docker/ -l
總用量 0
drwx------. 2 root root  6 10月 17 00:01 containers
drwx------. 4 root root 40 10月 17 00:01 devicemapper
drwx------. 3 root root 25 10月 17 00:01 image
drwxr-x---. 3 root root 18 10月 17 00:01 network
drwx------. 2 root root  6 10月 17 00:01 swarm
drwx------. 2 root root  6 10月 17 00:01 tmp
drwx------. 2 root root  6 10月 17 00:01 trust
drwx------. 2 root root 24 10月 17 00:01 volumes
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/mapper/ -l
總用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 10月 17 11:32 centos-root -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 10月 17 11:32 centos-swap -> ../dm-1
crw-------. 1 root root 10, 236 10月 17 11:32 control
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 10月 17 11:43 docker-253:0-67182400-pool -> ../dm-2
[root@localhost ~]# ls /run/docker.* -l
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   4 10月 17 11:43 /run/docker.pid
srw-rw----. 1 root docker 0 10月 17 11:43 /run/docker.sock
[root@localhost ~]# ls /run/docker/ -l
總用量 0
drwx------. 3 root root 100 10月 17 11:43 libcontainerd
drw-------. 2 root root  60 10月 17 11:43 libnetwork
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 02:42:e4:89:85:b8  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.161  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2d:62c7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:2d:62:c7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1621  bytes 111194 (108.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 118  bytes 17109 (16.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# iptables --list
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
DOCKER-ISOLATION  all  --  anywhere             anywhere
DOCKER     all  --  anywhere             anywhere
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain DOCKER (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination
RETURN     all  --  anywhere             anywhere

運行某個鏡像

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --rm hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
c04b14da8d14: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0256e8a36e2070f7bf2d0b0763dbabdd67798512411de4cdcf9431a1feb60fd9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
    $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker Hub account:
 https://hub.docker.com
For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

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2.Docker 的第一次親密接觸

2.Docker 的第一次親密接觸

概況

安裝VirtualBox 和 Centos7

安裝 Docker

安裝步驟

推薦閱讀更多精彩內容

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美 国产 综合 欧美 视频

2.Docker 的第一次親密接觸

概況

安裝VirtualBox 和 Centos7

安裝 Docker

安裝步驟

推薦閱讀更多精彩內容

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美国产综合欧美视频