My 5-Step Process to Getting What You Want Out of Life
實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的五大步驟
The you I am referring to here is the strategic you – the one who is deciding on what you want and how best to get it, previously referred to as you (1).
這里的你（1號(hào)）是指制定戰(zhàn)略的你，所做的主要是決定目標(biāo)和最佳獲得方式。
There are five things that you have to do to get what you want out of life. First, you have tochoose your goals, which will determine your direction. Then you have todesign a planto achieve your goals. On the way to your goals, you willencounter problemsAs I mentioned, these problems typically cause pain. The most common source of pain is in exploring your mistakes and weaknesses. You will either react badly to the pain or react like a master problem solver. That is your choice. To figure out how to get around these problems you must be calm and analytical to accuratelydiagnose your problems. Only after you have an accurate diagnosis of them can youdesign a plan that will get you around your problems. Then you have to do thetasksspecified in the plan. Through this process of encountering problems and figuring out how to get around them, you will become progressively more capable and achieve your goals more easily. Then you will set bigger, more challenging goals, in the same way that someone who works with weights naturally increases the poundage. This is the process of personal evolution, which I call my 5-Step Process.
要實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，得做五件事，首先，選擇你的目標(biāo)，這會(huì)為你指明方向。然后你需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)方案來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。這個(gè)過(guò)程中，你會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題，正如我說(shuō)過(guò)的，這些問(wèn)題一般都會(huì)帶來(lái)痛苦。痛苦最普遍的是來(lái)源于自己犯的錯(cuò)和缺點(diǎn)。面對(duì)問(wèn)題，你將要么對(duì)著痛苦怨聲載道，要么像大師級(jí)的問(wèn)題解決能手一樣從容應(yīng)對(duì)，這是你自己的選擇。要解決這些問(wèn)題，必須冷靜，精準(zhǔn)分析，診斷問(wèn)題。只有精準(zhǔn)診斷問(wèn)題后，才能設(shè)計(jì)解決問(wèn)題的方案。接下來(lái)，你要完成方案里設(shè)置的具體任務(wù)。通過(guò)遇到問(wèn)題，尋找解決方案，你會(huì)變得更積極，更有能力，更易實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，進(jìn)而就能設(shè)置更宏偉，更具挑戰(zhàn)性的目標(biāo)了，就像練啞鈴的人也會(huì)不斷增加啞鈴的重量一樣。這就是個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，我稱之為五大步驟。
In other words, “The Process” consists of five distinct steps:
也即，該方法包括五大具體步驟：
Have cleargoal.
目標(biāo)清晰。
Identify and don’t tolerate theproblemsthat stand in the way of achieving your goals.
發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，對(duì)阻礙目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題零容忍。
Accuratelydiagnosethese problems.
精準(zhǔn)診斷這些問(wèn)題。
Designplans that explicitly lay out tasks that will get you around your problems and on to your goals.
設(shè)計(jì)方案，清晰列出待解決的問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的各項(xiàng)具體任務(wù)。
mplementthese plans—i.e.,dothese tasks.
落實(shí)方案，也就是完成具體任務(wù)。
You need to do all of these steps well in order to be successful.
這些步驟完成好了才會(huì)走向成功。
Before discussing these individual steps in more detail, I want to make a few general points about the process.
開(kāi)始分述每個(gè)步驟前，我想先簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)務(wù)麄€(gè)過(guò)程。
1.You must approach these as distinct steps rather than blur them together.For example,when setting goals, just set goals (don’t think how you will achieve them or the other steps); when diagnosing problems, just diagnose problems (don’t think about how you will solve them or the other steps). Blurring the steps leads to suboptimal outcomes because it creates confusion and short-changes the individual steps. Doing each step thoroughly will provide information that will help you do the other steps well,since the process is iterative.
每個(gè)步驟要界限分明，獨(dú)立操作，不可交叉重疊，混為一談。例如，設(shè)置目標(biāo)時(shí)就只想著設(shè)置目標(biāo)，不要想你怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)或想別的步驟；診斷問(wèn)題時(shí)就僅僅診斷問(wèn)題，不要想怎么解決或想別的步驟。目標(biāo)間相互混雜會(huì)導(dǎo)致不盡人意的結(jié)果，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)令人產(chǎn)生困惑，給每個(gè)步驟帶來(lái)臨時(shí)的變數(shù)。完整地完成每個(gè)步驟，有助于更好地完成其他步驟，因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)過(guò)程可以循環(huán)往復(fù)。
2.Each of these five steps requires different talents and disciplines.Most probably, you havelots of some of these and inadequate amounts of others. If you are missing any of the required talents and disciplines, that is not an insurmountable problem because you can acquire them, supplement them, or compensate for not having them, if you recognize your weaknesses anddesign around them. So you must be honestly self-reflective.
每個(gè)步驟都需要具備不同的能力，了解不同學(xué)科的知識(shí)。很可能你這方面懂很多，那方面懂一點(diǎn)，有些方面則沒(méi)什么了解，如果你在完成步驟所需的資質(zhì)或?qū)W科知識(shí)上不夠完備，也不是什么不可逾越的大問(wèn)題，因?yàn)椴粫?huì)的可以學(xué)，可以補(bǔ)充，不知道的地方也有抵消的辦法，只要你認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的缺點(diǎn)，并設(shè)計(jì)出解決方案，這就不是難事兒。所以請(qǐng)做一名誠(chéng)實(shí)的自省者。
3.It is essential to approach this process in a very clear-headed, rational way rather than emotionally.Figure out what techniques work best for you; e.g., if emotions are getting the betterof you, take time out until you can reflect unemotionally, seek the guidance of calm, thoughtful others, etc.
操作這個(gè)過(guò)程，需要頭腦清醒理智，而非感情用事。指出哪些技巧最適合你，若個(gè)人情感在左右你的選擇，就先跳出來(lái)冷靜下直到可以理性反思，向處事冷靜且考慮周全之人尋求指導(dǎo)。
To help you do these things well—and stay centered and effective rather than stressed and thrown off by your emotions—try this technique for reducing the pressure:treat your life like a gameor a martial art. Your mission is to figure out how to get around your challenges to get to your goals. In the process of playing the game or practicing this martial art, you will become more skilled. As you get better, you will progress to ever- higher levels of the game that will require—and teach you—greater skills. I will explain what these skills are in the next section. However,the big and really great news is that you don’t needto have all of these skills to succeed!You just have to 1) know they are needed; 2) know you don’thave some of them; and 3) figure out how to get them (i.e., either learn them or work with others who have them).
為了幫你擺脫壓力和情緒化的影響，進(jìn)而聚精會(huì)神、高效順利地完成這些步驟，試試這個(gè)減壓技巧：把你的生活當(dāng)作一場(chǎng)游戲或武術(shù)。你的使命是找出應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的辦法，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。在玩游戲或練武術(shù)的過(guò)程中，技藝日益嫻熟，變得強(qiáng)大，升級(jí)到需要新技能的關(guān)卡，新的關(guān)卡也會(huì)教會(huì)你新的技能。我會(huì)在下一部分詳述這些技能是指什么。不過(guò)，最鼓舞人心的消息是，你實(shí)現(xiàn)成功并不需要具備所有的這些技能！你只需要：1）知道你需要這些技能；2）知道你沒(méi)必要掌握全部技能；3）指出如何獲得這些技能，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)或跟已掌握這些技能的人一起工作。
This particular game—i.e., your life—will challenge you in ways that will be uncomfortable at times. But if you work through this discomfort and reflect on it in order to learn, you will significantly improve your chances of getting what you want out of life.By and large, life will give you what you deserve and itdoesn’t give a damn what you “l(fā)ike.” So it is up to you to take full responsibility to connect what you want with what you need to do to get it, and then to do those things—which often are difficult but produce good results—so that you’ll then deserve to get what you want.
這個(gè)特別的游戲，也就是你的人生，會(huì)時(shí)而出現(xiàn)令你不悅的挑戰(zhàn)。但如果你克服了這種不悅，反思學(xué)習(xí)，就能大幅度提升實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的幾率。總體來(lái)說(shuō)，生活會(huì)給你應(yīng)得的回報(bào)，生活不會(huì)譴責(zé)你的喜好，所以你要自己負(fù)起責(zé)任來(lái)，搭建起“自己想要什么”和“要得到想要的該如何做”之間的橋梁，然后腳踏實(shí)地干起來(lái)，做起來(lái)雖然不那么容易，但能收獲滿意的結(jié)果，實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想。
That’s just the way it is, so you might as well accept it. Once you accept that playing the game will be uncomfortable, and you do it for a while, it will become much easier (like it does when getting fit) . When you excel at it, you will find your ability to get what you want thrilling. You’ll see that excuses like “That’s not easy” are of no value and that it pays to “push through it” at a pace you can handle. Like getting physically fit, the most important thing is that you keep moving forward at whatever pace you choose, recognizing the consequences of your actions. When you think that it’s too hard, remember that in the long run, doing the things that will make you successful is a lot easier than being unsuccessful. The first-order consequences of escaping life’s challenges may seem pleasurable in the moment, but the second-and third-order consequences of this approach are your life and, over time, will be painful. With practice, you will eventually play this game like a ninja, with skill and a calm centeredness in the face of adversity that will let you handle most of your numerous challenges well.
游戲就是這么玩的，你最好還是接受這樣的設(shè)定。一旦你也確實(shí)覺(jué)得玩這場(chǎng)游戲會(huì)遭受一些不適，請(qǐng)堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間，一切會(huì)變得越來(lái)越容易，就像健身一樣。當(dāng)你實(shí)現(xiàn)了超越，會(huì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢(mèng)想而興奮不已，像“這可不容易”之類的借口就會(huì)變得毫無(wú)價(jià)值，按自己能掌控的節(jié)奏“突破自己”就會(huì)帶來(lái)回報(bào)。跟健身一樣，最重要的是，無(wú)論你選擇了什么速度，都要堅(jiān)持前行，才能認(rèn)識(shí)到這樣做的結(jié)果。當(dāng)你覺(jué)得這太困難時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，做能讓自己成功的事，比失敗容易得多。逃避人生中挑戰(zhàn)的一級(jí)效應(yīng)在那一刻看起來(lái)是令人愉悅的，但其帶來(lái)的二、三級(jí)效應(yīng)，隨時(shí)間積淀，才真的會(huì)帶來(lái)痛苦的人生。通過(guò)不斷練習(xí)，最終你能跟忍者一樣技藝嫻熟，面對(duì)逆境能做到冷靜專注，從容應(yīng)對(duì)各種挑戰(zhàn)。
However, you will never handle them all well: mistakes are inevitable, and it’s important to recognize and accept this fact of life. The good news, as I have mentioned, is that most learning comes through making mistakes—so there is no end to learning how to play the game better. You will have an enormous number of decisions to make, so no matter how many mistakes you make, there will be plenty of opportunities to build a track record of success.
誠(chéng)然，你沒(méi)有辦法做得面面俱到：犯錯(cuò)難以避免，重要的是認(rèn)識(shí)并接受這個(gè)人生事實(shí)。但利好的一面我也提到過(guò)，大多數(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)都是通過(guò)犯錯(cuò)得來(lái)的，所以人生這場(chǎng)游戲怎么玩得更好，其中的學(xué)問(wèn)是無(wú)止境的。你得做大量決定，所以無(wú)論犯多少錯(cuò)誤，都會(huì)有大量機(jī)會(huì)構(gòu)建成功。
That’s basically the whole concept.
上述是整體概念。
Let’s pause and reflect on this before moving on.
我們暫且停頓一下，繼續(xù)展開(kāi)前先反思一下。
Does what I am saying make sense to you?
我所說(shuō)的你都理解了么？
Do you agree that it is true?
你認(rèn)為我所說(shuō)的是對(duì)的嗎
If not, why not?
如果你不同意，為什么？
If you can’t work through your doubts alone, speak to me or to others about it, but PLEASE do not proceed until you agree with the basic logic behind the 5-Step Process. Either you will get comfortable with it and internalize it or you will point out something that is wrong and the process will get better.
若心存質(zhì)疑，自己沒(méi)法解答，可以告訴我或跟別人說(shuō)說(shuō)，但在認(rèn)同五大步驟背后的基本邏輯前，請(qǐng)勿進(jìn)行下一步。要么你會(huì)適應(yīng)并消化這套基本邏輯，要么你也可以指出哪里有問(wèn)題，幫助我們把這個(gè)過(guò)程做得更好。
What follows now is a closer examination of each of the five steps.
下面是對(duì)這五個(gè)步驟更進(jìn)一步的探討。
The 5 Steps Close-U
五大步驟的特寫詳述
1) Setting Goals
1）設(shè)定目標(biāo)
You can have virtually anything you want, but you can’t have everything you want.
事實(shí)上，你想要什么都行，但你無(wú)法擁有一切。
The first, most important, and typically most difficult step in the 5-Step Process is setting goals, because it forces you to decide what you really want and therefore what you can possibly get out of life. This is the step where you face the fundamental limit: life is like a giant smorgasbord of more delicious alternatives than you can ever hope to taste. So you have to reject having some things you want in order to get other things you want more.
五大步驟中，通常最重要又最困難的就是設(shè)定目標(biāo)了，因?yàn)檫@是在逼你決定什么是你真正想要的以及可能獲得的現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)果。這一步會(huì)面臨最根本的局限：生活如同一盤大雜燴，美味佳肴種類繁多、應(yīng)接不暇。所以你得學(xué)會(huì)舍棄一些想要的東西，才能獲得你更想要的東西。
Some people fail at this point, afraid to reject a good alternative for fear that the loss will deprive them of some essential ingredient to their personal happiness. As a result, they pursue too many goals at the same time, achieving few or none of them.
有人會(huì)在這點(diǎn)上失敗，不敢舍棄看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)的選擇，害怕一旦失去，個(gè)人幸福感中某些重要組成元素就被剝奪了。所以這些人同時(shí)設(shè)置很多目標(biāo)，但鮮有真正實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
So it’s important to remember: it doesn’t really matter if some things are unavailable to you, because the selection of what IS available is so great. (That is why many people who had major losses—e.g., who lost their ability to walk, to see, etc.—and who didn’t narrow-mindedly obsess about their loss but rather open-mindedly accepted and enjoyed what remained, had equally happy lives as those who didn’t ever have these losses.)
所以得記住，無(wú)法擁有某些東西并不要緊，因?yàn)樵诳梢該碛械臇|西中進(jìn)行挑選是很棒的事情。有人先天殘疾，比如無(wú)法行走，看不見(jiàn)東西，但能和身體健全的人一樣幸福，因?yàn)樗麄儾华M隘地沉浸在失去的情緒中，而是大方接受并享受自己依然擁有的東西。
In other words, you can have an enormous amount: much, much more than what you need to have for a happy life. So don’t get discouraged by not being able to have everything you want, and for God’s sake, don’t be paralyzed by the choices. That’s nonsensical and unproductive. Get on with making your choices.
換句話說(shuō)，你可以擁有很多東西，遠(yuǎn)多于你生活幸福所需，所以無(wú)法擁有一切也不要沮喪，也千萬(wàn)別被各種選擇打垮，這樣既沒(méi)意義又無(wú)效，要習(xí)慣做選擇。
Put another way,to achieve your goals you have to prioritize, and that includes rejecting good alternatives(so that you have the time and resources to pursue even better ones—time being probablyyour greatest limiting factor, though, through leverage, you can substantially reduce time’s constraints).
換個(gè)說(shuō)法，要實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)就要有優(yōu)先次序，包括舍棄看起來(lái)還不錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)。這樣你就有時(shí)間和資源追尋更好的選項(xiàng)，時(shí)間可能是限制你最多的因素，最大程度利用好時(shí)間，就能極大減少時(shí)間帶來(lái)的約束。
It is important not to confuse “goals” and “desires.”
不要混淆“目標(biāo)”和“欲望”，這很重要。
Goals are the things that you really want to achieve, while desires are things you want that can prevent you from reaching your goals—as I previously explained, desires are typically first-order consequences. For example, a goal might be physical fitness, while a desire is the urge to eat good-tasting, unhealthy food (i.e., a first-order consequence) that could undermine you obtaining your fitness goal. So, in terms of the consequences they produce, goals are good and desires are bad.
目標(biāo)是你真的想實(shí)現(xiàn)的東西，而欲望是你想要但會(huì)阻礙你實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的東西。我之前解釋過(guò)，欲望一般是一級(jí)效應(yīng)。例如，假設(shè)目標(biāo)是身體健康，欲望就是吃可口但不健康的食物，這個(gè)是一級(jí)效應(yīng)。這種結(jié)果不利于你實(shí)現(xiàn)健康這一目標(biāo)。所以單從結(jié)果來(lái)看，目標(biāo)是好的，欲望是不好的。
Some societies define evil to be the desires that can take you away from your goals, which I think is a good way of seeing the difference between goals and desires. That doesn’t mean I think that there isn’t room for a little “bad”, but I do think that desires that fundamentally divert you from your goals should be avoided at all cost.
有社會(huì)學(xué)家把導(dǎo)致自己遠(yuǎn)離目標(biāo)的欲望稱為邪惡，我認(rèn)為這是用來(lái)區(qū)分目標(biāo)與欲望很好的思路。這并不是說(shuō)我不允許大家“不以惡小而為之”，但我真的認(rèn)為，要想讓自己遠(yuǎn)離目標(biāo)的欲望應(yīng)不惜一切代價(jià)將其鏟除干凈。
Don’t get me wrong; I believe you can choose to pursue any goal you want as long as you consider the consequences. So, staying with this example, I think it is perfectly OK for you to make your goal to enjoy eating good-tasting, unhealthy food if that choice will bring you what you really want. As I said earlier, if you want to be a couch potato, that’s fine with me—seriously. But if that’s not what you want, you better not open that bag of chips. In other words, failing to make the distinction between goals and desires will lead you in the wrong direction, because you will be inclined to pursue things you want that will undermine your ability to get things you want more. In short, you can pursue anything you desire—just make sure that you know the consequences of what you are doing.
別誤解了我的意思，只要考慮了后果，我認(rèn)為你完全可以去追尋任何你想要的目標(biāo)。還是拿健身舉例，如果你要把盡享可口不健康的食物作為目標(biāo)，這是完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題的，只要能帶來(lái)你想要的結(jié)果就行。我說(shuō)過(guò)，你想做成天宅在家里看電視吃薯片無(wú)所事事的人，這對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)真的完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題。但如果這不是你想要的生活，最好就別撕開(kāi)薯片包裝袋了，換句話說(shuō)，不能清晰辨別目標(biāo)與欲望，將于事無(wú)補(bǔ)。因?yàn)槟銜?huì)傾向于追求你渴望的事情，而這件事情會(huì)影響你收獲更多的能力。簡(jiǎn)而言之，你想追求什么都行，只要你確信自己知道這樣做的后果就行。
Another common reason people fail at this stage is that they lose sight of their goals, getting caught up in day-to-day tasks.
導(dǎo)致你在這個(gè)階段失敗的另一個(gè)普遍原因是你忽視了自己的目標(biāo)，陷入到一復(fù)一日的工作任務(wù)中去了。
Avoid setting goals based on what you think you can achieve.
避免基于自己主觀意愿設(shè)定目標(biāo)。
As I said before, do each step separately and distinctly without regard to the others. In this case, that means don’t rule out a goal due to a superficial assessment of its attainability. Once you commit to a goal, it might take lots of thinking and many revisions to your plan over a considerable time period in order to finalize the design and do the tasks to achieve it. So you need to set goals without yet assessing whether or not you can achieve them.
我提到過(guò)，每一步都要單獨(dú)操作，絕不相互影響。這種情況下，也就是說(shuō)目標(biāo)不能僅根據(jù)表面上的可實(shí)現(xiàn)度而進(jìn)行設(shè)定。一旦開(kāi)始投身到實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中，會(huì)需要大量的思考、反思，耗費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間來(lái)最終確定實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的方案和具體任務(wù)。所以設(shè)定目標(biāo)時(shí)，不要一開(kāi)始就下結(jié)論說(shuō)能不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
This requires some faith that you really can achieve virtually anything, even if you don’t know how you will do it at that moment. Initially you have to have faith that this is true, but after following this process and succeeding at achieving your goals, you will gain confidence. If you like, you can start with more modest goals and, when you build up the track record to give you faith, increase your aspirations.
這需要你堅(jiān)信沒(méi)什么是辦不到的。即使當(dāng)下不知道怎么操作也不要緊。只要?jiǎng)傞_(kāi)始堅(jiān)定這個(gè)信念，按這個(gè)過(guò)程依次推進(jìn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)后，就會(huì)獲得真正的信心。如果你愿意，剛開(kāi)始可以設(shè)定一些簡(jiǎn)單普通的目標(biāo)，小有成就后就能增強(qiáng)信念，個(gè)人志向也開(kāi)始日趨宏大起來(lái)。
This might sound inconsistent with the previous point that you can’t have everything. It’s not. I am saying that, at this stage of goal-setting, don’t set your goals based on what you think you can achieve. In the process of doing the other four steps (especially designing) you will thoroughly think through what is possible. Then you will circle back and enter the goal-setting mode again. As I mentioned, this five-step process is iterative, but it must be pursued one step at a time in order to do each step excellently.
這里似乎和我之前提到的“你不能擁有一切”的觀點(diǎn)有點(diǎn)矛盾，其實(shí)不是。在目標(biāo)設(shè)置階段，不要根據(jù)主觀認(rèn)為能實(shí)現(xiàn)什么而設(shè)定目標(biāo)。在進(jìn)行另外四個(gè)步驟，特別是方案設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，你將會(huì)仔細(xì)思考可能的解決方案。那時(shí)又會(huì)返回到目標(biāo)設(shè)定模式。我提過(guò)，這五大步驟是循環(huán)往復(fù)的，但每次必須認(rèn)真完成一個(gè)步驟，才能為下一步順利完成打好基礎(chǔ)。
Every time I set goals, I don’t yet have any idea how I am going to achieve them because I haven’t yet gone through the process of thinking through them. But I have learned that I can achieve them if I think creatively and work hard.
每次我設(shè)定目標(biāo)時(shí)都還不知道怎么去實(shí)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)檫@還沒(méi)進(jìn)入到仔細(xì)思考的步驟，但我認(rèn)為只要思維富有創(chuàng)造性，勤奮努力，就能實(shí)現(xiàn)我的目標(biāo)。
The more creative I am, the less hard I have to work.
我的創(chuàng)造力越強(qiáng)，我的工作就越輕松。
I also know that I can “cheat.” Unlike in school, in life you don’t have to come up with all the right answers. You can ask the people around you for help—or even ask them to do the things you don’t do well.
我還知道可以“作弊”。學(xué)校里事事都得有正確答案，而現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，遇到問(wèn)題你可以問(wèn)身邊的人，甚至讓他們做你不擅長(zhǎng)的事情。
In other words, there is almost no reason not to succeed if you take the attitude of 1) total flexibility—good answers can come from anyone or anywhere (and in fact, as I have mentioned, there are far more good answers “out there” than there are in you) and 2) total accountability: regardless of where the good answers come from, it’s your job to find them.
換句話說(shuō)，采取以下的態(tài)度，沒(méi)有理由不成功。1）完全的靈活性-任何人在任何地方都能提供令人滿意的答案，事實(shí)上如我所說(shuō)，我們自身能提供的答案是有限的，外在的人和環(huán)境能提供多得多的答案；2）要完全負(fù)責(zé)。不管合適的答案來(lái)自何處，找到它們是你的職責(zé)所在。
This no-excuses approach helps me do whatever it takes to get whatever I want most. Not all goals are achievable, of course. There are some impossibilities or near-impossibilities, such as living forever, or flying with just the power of your arms. But it’s been my experience that if I commit to bringing creativity, flexibility, and determination to the pursuit of my goals, I will figure out some way to get them, i.e., almost all goals are attainable. And as I don’t limit my goals to what seems attainable at the moment I set them, the goals I set tend to be higher than they would otherwise be. Since trying to achieve high goals makes me stronger, I become increasingly capable of achieving more. Great expectations create great capabilities, in other words. And if I fail to achieve my goal, it just tells me that I have not been creative or flexible or determined enough to do what it takes, and I circle back and figure out what I need to do about this situation.
這種不找借口的方法，助我盡全力實(shí)現(xiàn)最想達(dá)成的目標(biāo)。當(dāng)然，不是所有的目標(biāo)都有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。有些目標(biāo)是不可能或幾乎不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，例如長(zhǎng)生不死，張開(kāi)雙臂飛翔等等。但根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，只要在追尋目標(biāo)時(shí)，投入創(chuàng)造力，靈活性和決心，總能找到辦法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。這么看來(lái)，幾乎所有的目標(biāo)都是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。我設(shè)置目標(biāo)時(shí)，也不只是看它當(dāng)下是否可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，我設(shè)的目標(biāo)都是立足長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的。努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高難度目標(biāo)，助我變得強(qiáng)大，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更多的新目標(biāo)。對(duì)期望值設(shè)定越高，能力也會(huì)變得越強(qiáng)。如果沒(méi)能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，我會(huì)對(duì)自己說(shuō)，肯定我不夠創(chuàng)新，不夠靈活，毅力不夠，然后回過(guò)頭思考應(yīng)該怎么解決。
Achieving your goals isn’t just about moving forward.
實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)不僅僅只是前進(jìn)
Inevitably, you must deal with setbacks. So goals aren’t just those things that you want and don’t have. They might also be keeping what you do have, minimizing your rate of loss, or dealing with irrevocable loss. Life will throw you challenges, some of which will seem devastating at the time. Your goal is always to make the best possible choices, knowing that you will be rewarded if you do. It’s like playing golf: sometimes you will be in the fairway and sometimes you will be in the rough, so you have to know how to play it as it lies.
挫折無(wú)法避免。目標(biāo)是你想要但還沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)的東西，目標(biāo)也能讓你保留已有的東西，讓失去的機(jī)率最小化，應(yīng)對(duì)不可挽回的損失。生活會(huì)向你拋來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)，有時(shí)是災(zāi)難性的。你的目標(biāo)基本上都是在尋找最優(yōu)解，并明白實(shí)現(xiàn)就能獲得回報(bào)。跟打高爾夫球一樣，有時(shí)球在光滑的球道上，有時(shí)在粗糙的地面上，要根據(jù)具體情況才能知道怎么去玩。
Generally speaking, goal-setting is best done by those who are good at big-picture conceptual thinking, synthesizing, visualizing, and prioritizing. But whatever your strengths and weaknesses are, don’t forget the big and really great news here: it is not essential that you have all of these qualities yourself, because you can supplement them with the help of others.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，目標(biāo)設(shè)置最好能夠由擅于在把握大局情況下進(jìn)行概念思維、合成、形象化和優(yōu)先排序的人來(lái)操作。不管你有什么優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，都別忘了最令人興奮的好消息，就是你不必具備所有的能力素質(zhì)，因?yàn)槟憧梢酝ㄟ^(guò)別人的幫助來(lái)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。
In summary, in order to get what you want, the first step is to really know what you want, without confusing goals with desires, and without limiting yourself because of some imagined impediments that you haven’t thoroughly analyzed.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，第一步是真的知道自己要什么，不混淆目標(biāo)與欲望，不因缺乏全面分析的假想障礙而把自己限制住了。
How well do you know what you want most out of life?
你有多了解自己想要什么？
What are your most important goals?
你最重要的目標(biāo)是什么？
Are you good at setting your goals?
你擅于設(shè)定目標(biāo)嗎?
How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to set goals is right?
對(duì)自己設(shè)定目標(biāo)的能力進(jìn)行評(píng)估，你有幾分自信？
If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)?
如果你對(duì)自我評(píng)估很有信心，請(qǐng)論述自信的原因。是因?yàn)橛羞^(guò)往業(yè)績(jī)嗎，還是值得信賴之人告訴過(guò)你？
2) Identifying and Not Tolerating Problems
2）發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，對(duì)問(wèn)題零容忍
After you set your goals, you must come up with a plan or a design to achieve them and then you must execute that plan by doing the tasks. On the way to achieving your goals and executing your design, you will encounter problems that have to be diagnosed, so that the design can be modified to get around these obstacles. That’s why you need to identify and not tolerate problems.
設(shè)定目標(biāo)后，你得設(shè)計(jì)出一套方案來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，并且要實(shí)施方案里布置的各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)、實(shí)施方案的過(guò)程中，你會(huì)碰到問(wèn)題、診斷問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而完善設(shè)計(jì)方案以避免這些阻礙，所以要發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，并對(duì)問(wèn)題零容忍。
Most problems are potential improvements screaming at you.
大多數(shù)問(wèn)題都是蘊(yùn)含著改善良機(jī)的。
Whenever a problem surfaces, you have in front of you an opportunity to improve.The more painful theproblem, the louder it is screaming. In order to be successful, you have to 1) perceive problems and 2) not tolerate them.
一旦有問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)，擺在你面前的就是一個(gè)提升改善的良機(jī)。問(wèn)題越棘手，帶來(lái)的反應(yīng)越大，要想成功，你得 1）發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題；2）對(duì)問(wèn)題零容忍。
Though I’ve said it before, it’s worth saying again: I understand that recognizing harsh realities can be extremely painful. But I’ve learned that if you can stare hard at your problems, they almost always shrink or disappear, because you almost always find a better way of dealing with them than if you don’t face them head on. The more difficult the problem, the more important it is that you stare at it and deal with it. After seeing how effectively facing reality – especially your problems, mistakes and weaknesses – works, you will become comfortable with it and won’t want to operate any other way. I also believe that one of the best ways of getting at truth is reflecting with others who have opposing views and who share your interest in finding the truth rather than being proven right.
雖然說(shuō)過(guò)，但有必要再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)下：我明白，認(rèn)識(shí)到殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)非常痛苦，但我也發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要緊盯你的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題基本都會(huì)減少或消失，因?yàn)楸绕鸲惚苓@些問(wèn)題，你經(jīng)常就已經(jīng)找到了更好的解決辦法了。問(wèn)題越困難，越是需要對(duì)其緊抓不放。在面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況時(shí)看到這種辦法的有效性，尤其是面對(duì)自己的問(wèn)題，錯(cuò)誤和缺點(diǎn)，終會(huì)從容應(yīng)對(duì)，到時(shí)候都不會(huì)想用其他方法解決了。我也相信，獲得真相的最佳途徑是同他人一起反思，尤其是當(dāng)對(duì)方與你的觀點(diǎn)相對(duì)立時(shí)，或與你一樣樂(lè)于自己去尋找真相而不是樂(lè)于坐等事實(shí)被別人證明。
If you don’t identify your problems, you won’t solve them, so you won’t move forward toward achieving your goals. As a result, it is essential to bring problems to the surface.
若不能發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，你就無(wú)法解決問(wèn)題，也就不能前行實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。所以，讓問(wèn)題顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)十分關(guān)鍵。
Most people don’t like to do this. But most successful people know that they have to do this.
大多數(shù)人不愛(ài)這么做，但大多數(shù)成功人士知道他們必須這樣做。
The most common reasons people don’t successfully identify their problems are generally rooted either in a lack of will or in a lack of talent or skill:
人們不能很好地發(fā)現(xiàn)自身問(wèn)題，主要是源于缺少意愿、天賦或技能。
They can be “harsh realities” that are unpleasant to look at, so people often subconsciously put them “out of sight” so they will be “out of mind.”
直面“殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)”令人不悅，人們會(huì)下意識(shí)忽略，不去想。
Thinking about problems that are difficult to solve can produce anxiety that stands in the way of progress.
思考棘手的問(wèn)題，可能產(chǎn)生焦慮，阻礙進(jìn)步。
People often worry more about appearing to not have problems than about achieving their desired results, and therefore avoid recognizing that their own mistakes and/or weaknesses are causing the problems. This aversion to seeing one’s own mistakes and weaknesses typically occurs because they’re viewed as deficiencies you’re stuck with rather than as essential parts of the personal evolution process.
人們常常更擔(dān)心表面上是否看起來(lái)有問(wèn)題，而不擔(dān)心能否實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)，因此就回避自身可能產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題的錯(cuò)誤或弱點(diǎn)。這種對(duì)自身錯(cuò)誤的反感非常普遍，因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為犯錯(cuò)是一種缺陷，而沒(méi)有把犯錯(cuò)當(dāng)做個(gè)人進(jìn)化過(guò)程中的重要一環(huán)。
Sometimes people are simply not perceptive enough to see the problems.
有時(shí)人們僅僅是對(duì)問(wèn)題缺乏洞察力罷了。
Some people are unable to distinguish big problems from small ones. Since nothing is perfect, it is possible to identify an infinite number of problems everywhere. If you are unable to distinguish the big problems from the little ones, you can’t “successfully” (i.e., in a practical way) identify problems.
有人不會(huì)區(qū)分大問(wèn)題和小問(wèn)題。世上沒(méi)有完美的事情，所以每個(gè)地方都可能發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)不完的問(wèn)題，要不能從這一堆問(wèn)題中分辨出大問(wèn)題，實(shí)際上是不能順利發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的。
Remember, you don’t have to be good at any of the five steps (in this case, identifying problems) to be successful if you get help from others. So push through the pain of facing your problems, knowingyou will end up in a much better place.
記住，五大步驟你不必樣樣精通（這里就是說(shuō)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的能力），因?yàn)槟軌驈膭e人那里獲得幫助。所以直面問(wèn)題，經(jīng)受住痛苦，相信自己的結(jié)果會(huì)比現(xiàn)在好很多。
When identifying problems, it is important to remain centered and logical.
發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，保持聚精會(huì)神和邏輯思維。
While it can be tempting to react emotionally to problems and seek sympathy or blame others, this accomplishes nothing.Whatever the reasons, you have to get over the impediments to succeed. Remember that the pains you are feeling are “growing pains” that will test your character and reward you if you push through them. Try to look at your problems as a detached observer would. Remember thatidentifying problems is like finding gems embedded in puzzles; if you solve the puzzles you will get the gems that will make your life much better. Doing this continuously will lead to your rapidevolution. So, if you’re logical, you really should get excited about finding problems because identifying them will bring you closer to your goals.
面對(duì)問(wèn)題時(shí)采取情緒化的做法，比如尋求同情或斥責(zé)他人，是毫無(wú)用處的。無(wú)論是什么原因，要想成功就要越過(guò)障礙。記住，你所體驗(yàn)的痛苦是“成長(zhǎng)的痛苦”，會(huì)鍛煉你的性格，經(jīng)受住了考驗(yàn)就能獲得回報(bào)。嘗試以一個(gè)置身事外的觀察者身份看待自己的問(wèn)題。記住，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題就像是搜尋謎陣?yán)镨偳兜膶毷忾_(kāi)了謎陣，就能獲得寶石，讓人生變得更好。持續(xù)這樣做，會(huì)加速你的進(jìn)化過(guò)程。如果你的邏輯思維很好，那你應(yīng)該很樂(lè)于尋找問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題會(huì)讓你更接近目標(biāo)。
This is typically because they let their emotions control their behavior and/or they haven’t learned how to deal with their problems e.g., the amygdala is “hijacking” decision-making away from the pre-frontal cortex.
一般這樣是因?yàn)閭€(gè)人情緒控制了他們的行為，他們還沒(méi)學(xué)會(huì)如何解決問(wèn)題，比如：大腦的杏仁體把決策行為從前額葉皮層那搶了過(guò)去
How good are you at perceiving problems?
你擅于察覺(jué)問(wèn)題嗎？
How confident are you that your assessment of your ability to perceive problems is right?
你對(duì)上述問(wèn)題的自我評(píng)估有信心嗎？
If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)?
如果你對(duì)自我評(píng)估很有信心，請(qǐng)論述自信的原因。（例如過(guò)去有過(guò)輝煌的記錄，或值得信賴之人告訴過(guò)你等等）？
Be very precise in specifying your problems.
問(wèn)題要精準(zhǔn)且具體化。
It is essential to identify your problems with precision, for different problems have different solutions. For example, if your impediments are due largely to issues of will—to your unwillingness to confront what is really happening—you have to strengthen your will, for example by starting small and building up your confidence.
要精準(zhǔn)地發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，這很關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)椴煌膯?wèn)題有不同的解決辦法。例如，如果你的障礙主要是由于個(gè)人意愿，不愿意直面現(xiàn)實(shí)。那你需要增強(qiáng)意愿，從小事做起建立信心。
If your problems are related to lack of skill or innate talent, the most powerful antidote is to have others point things out to you and objectively consider whether what they identify is true. Problems due to inadequate skill might then be solved with training, whereas those arising from innate weaknesses might be overcome with assistance or role changes. It doesn’t matter which is the case; it only matters that the true cause is identified and appropriately addressed.
如果你的問(wèn)題是缺少技能或天賦，克服問(wèn)題的良方就是讓別人當(dāng)你的面指出來(lái)，客觀思考他們說(shuō)的是不是正確的。能力不足就加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練，天生的缺點(diǎn)可能需要幫助或角色改變才能克服。無(wú)論是什么情況，找到真正的原因并恰當(dāng)化解才是最重要的。
There are also other antidotes that we will delve into in the next book.
對(duì)此還有別的良方，下一本書里我再做探討。
The more precise you are, the easier it will be to come up with accurate diagnoses and successful solutions. For example, rather than saying something like “People don’t like me,” it is better to specify which people don’t like you and under what circumstances.
問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)的越準(zhǔn)確，越容易對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行診斷和提供有效的解決方案。例如，與其說(shuō)“大家不喜歡我”，不如具體一點(diǎn)，說(shuō)說(shuō)誰(shuí)不喜歡你，在什么情況下不喜歡你。
Don’t confuse problems with causes.
不要混淆問(wèn)題和原因。
“I can’t get enough sleep” is not a problem; it is a cause of some problem. What exactly is that problem? To avoid confusing the problem with its causes, try to identify the suboptimal outcome, e.g., “I am performing badly in my job because I am tired.”
“我睡眠不足”不是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，這個(gè)是一些問(wèn)題的原因。問(wèn)題實(shí)際上是什么？要避免混淆問(wèn)題與原因，嘗試看一下不滿意的結(jié)果，比如說(shuō)：我工作表現(xiàn)不好是因?yàn)槲姨哿恕?/p>
Once you identify your problems, you must not tolerate them.
一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了自身的問(wèn)題，必須采取零容忍的態(tài)度。
Tolerating problems has the same result as not identifying them (i.e., both stand in the way of getting past the problem), but the root causes are different. Tolerating problems might be due to not thinking that they can be solved, or not caring enough about solving them.People who tolerate problems are the worse off because, without the motivation to move on, they cannot succeed. In other words, if you are motivated, you can succeed even if you don’t have the abilities (i.e., talents and skills) because you can get the help from others. But if you’re not motivated to succeed, if you don’t have the will to succeed, the situation is hopeless.
容忍問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的后果，和不發(fā)現(xiàn)它們一樣，都會(huì)阻礙問(wèn)題的解決。但兩者的根本原因是不一樣的，容忍問(wèn)題可能是認(rèn)為這些問(wèn)題無(wú)法解決，或者不在乎能否解決。容忍問(wèn)題的存在更為糟糕，因?yàn)檫@是缺乏前進(jìn)動(dòng)力的表現(xiàn)，是不會(huì)成功的。換句話說(shuō)，只要你有成功的積極性，就算沒(méi)有能力、天資、技能，你也能成功，因?yàn)槟憧梢詮膭e人那獲得幫助。但你要連想成功的積極性都沒(méi)有，就沒(méi)有成功的意愿，毫無(wú)成功希望。
Not caring to solve problems often occurs when the expected reward is less than the expected cost. For example, when someone is working toward someone else’s goals without being appropriately supervised, rewarded or punished.
如果解決問(wèn)題的回報(bào)低于解決成本，那么人們就可能不在乎是否能解決問(wèn)題。例如，一個(gè)人為實(shí)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)人的目標(biāo)而工作，但不受其監(jiān)管獎(jiǎng)懲。
* How much do you tolerate problems?
你容忍問(wèn)題的程度怎樣？
How confident are you that your assessment of how much you tolerate problems is right?
你對(duì)上述問(wèn)題的自我評(píng)估有幾分信心？
If you are confident of your self-assessment, why should you be confident (e.g. because you have a demonstrated track-record, because many believable people have told you, etc)?
如果你對(duì)自我評(píng)估很有信心，請(qǐng)論述自信的原因。是因?yàn)槟阌羞^(guò)往業(yè)績(jī)，或值得信賴之人這樣評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)你？
People who are good at this step—identifying and not tolerating problems—tend to have strong abilities to perceive and synthesize a clear and accurate picture, as well as demonstrate a fierce intolerance of badness (regardless of the severity).
擅于發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題并對(duì)問(wèn)題零容忍的人，對(duì)問(wèn)題的洞察力和綜合能力很強(qiáng)，擅于構(gòu)思清晰準(zhǔn)確的方案，也說(shuō)明他們不能忍受任何不良情況（不管多嚴(yán)重)。
Remember that you need to do each step independently from the other steps before moving on.
記住，每一步都要單獨(dú)完成后再進(jìn)入其他步驟。
Can you comfortably identify your problems without thinking about how to solve them? It is a good exercise to just make a list of them, without possible solutions. Only after you have created a clear picture of your problems should you go to the next step.
你能在不思考怎么解決的情況下輕松地發(fā)現(xiàn)你的問(wèn)題嗎？列個(gè)清單，不寫解決方案，這是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的練習(xí)方式。當(dāng)你對(duì)自己的問(wèn)題有了清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)后，再進(jìn)入到下一個(gè)步驟。
For a more detailed explanation of identifying and not tolerating problems, please read My Management Principles.
想要了解更多關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題與對(duì)問(wèn)題零容忍的內(nèi)容，可以閱讀第三章，我的管理原則。
3) Diagnosing the Problems
3）診斷問(wèn)題
You will be much more effective if you focus on diagnosis and design rather than jumping to solutions.
比起直接跳到解決方案，關(guān)注問(wèn)題的診斷與解決方案的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)有效得多。
It is a very common mistake for people to move directly from identifying a tough problem to a proposed solution in a nanosecond without spending the hours required to properly diagnose and design a solution. This typically yields bad decisions that don’t alleviate the problem. Diagnosing and designing are what spark strategic thinking.
人們常犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤就是，發(fā)現(xiàn)了難題就不假思索跳到解決方案了，而沒(méi)有多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑\斷并設(shè)計(jì)解決方案。這樣通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生不明智的決策，解決不了問(wèn)題。診斷問(wèn)題與方案設(shè)計(jì)才是具有戰(zhàn)略性思維的源泉。
