Political Terms政治術(shù)語
The government of a country is its control system.一個(gè)國家的政府是它的控制系統(tǒng)。
Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.政府制定法律并為公民提供服務(wù)。
The land over which a government has control is its territory.政府控制的土地是它的領(lǐng)土。
A country's territory has boundaries or borders.一個(gè)國家的領(lǐng)土是有邊界的
When you leave or enter a country's territory, you usually need a passport.當(dāng)你離開或進(jìn)入一個(gè)國家的領(lǐng)土?xí)r，通常需要護(hù)照。
A country's military provides defense for its territory, and its citizens.一個(gè)國家的軍隊(duì)為其領(lǐng)土和公民提供防衛(wèi)。
The military includes an army, an air force, and a navy.軍隊(duì)包括陸軍、空軍和海軍。
The main purpose of a military is to defend a country from attack.軍隊(duì)的主要目的是保衛(wèi)國家不受攻擊。
A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts, and prisons.一個(gè)國家的刑事司法系統(tǒng)包括警察、法院和監(jiān)獄
Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect people from criminal activities.它的目的是執(zhí)法和保護(hù)人們免受犯罪活動(dòng)。
A country's social services system provides support to people in need.國家的社會(huì)服務(wù)體系為有需要的人提供支持。
It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.它提供基本的衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)，幫助窮人撫養(yǎng)他們的孩子。
Most governments pay for their services by collecting taxes from their citizens.大多數(shù)政府通過向公民征稅來支付服務(wù)費(fèi)用。 The armed forces of a country have many weapons such as guns, tanks and planes.一個(gè)國家的武裝力量有許多武器，如槍、坦克和飛機(jī)。
Some governments have powerful leaders who control things.一些政府有強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來控制事情。
What may happened if a country try to expand its borders? There may be a war.如果一個(gè)國家試圖擴(kuò)大邊界，可能會(huì)發(fā)生什么?可能會(huì)有一場戰(zhàn)爭。
The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.一個(gè)國家的領(lǐng)土是由它的邊界界定的。
a country's borders mark its territory and separate? it from its neighbors一個(gè)國家的邊界標(biāo)志著它的領(lǐng)土，并把它與鄰國隔開when a country want to change its boundaries there may be a war當(dāng)一個(gè)國家想要改變其邊界時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭
the criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing the law刑事司法系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)法
Types of government
A stay of anarchy exists when a country has no effective government.當(dāng)一個(gè)國家沒有有效的政府時(shí)，就會(huì)陷入無政府狀態(tài)。
In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.在無政府狀態(tài)下，沒有人做決定或執(zhí)行法律。
An autocracy is the simplest form of government.專制政體是最簡單的政府形式。
In an autocracy, the government is controlled by a single individual , known as the autocrat.在專制政體中，政府由一個(gè)人控制，即獨(dú)裁者。
Whether or not an autocracy is successful depends on the character and ability of the leader.一個(gè)獨(dú)裁政權(quán)是否成功取決于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的性格和能力。
In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.在寡頭政治中，一小撮人控制著政府。這個(gè)群體的成員身份通常取決于家庭關(guān)系、財(cái)富或軍事實(shí)力。（寡頭政治(oligarchy)，指由少數(shù)人掌握政權(quán)的一種統(tǒng)治形式，原指少數(shù)人掌握的政權(quán)，如古希臘 雅典奴隸制國家的貴族政權(quán)。后通指由一小撮反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治者操縱一切的政治制度。）
Membership in this group often depends on family connections, wealth, or military power.這個(gè)群體的成員身份通常取決于家庭關(guān)系、財(cái)富或軍事實(shí)力。
In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.在共和國，個(gè)人被選舉來代表公民。
The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.共和國政府的權(quán)力受憲法的限制。
A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.憲法是為政府制定規(guī)則的書面文件。This limits the power of the government.這限制了政府的權(quán)力。
A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.憲法規(guī)定了政府和公民之間的關(guān)系。
Who make decisions or enforce the laws in an anarchy? nobody誰在無政府狀態(tài)下做決定或執(zhí)行法律?沒有人
In an oligarchy, ordinary citizens may not be aware that they have little or no power.在寡頭政治中，普通公民可能沒有意識到自己幾乎沒有權(quán)力
Without a good government, decisions that need to be made, won't be made.沒有一個(gè)好的政府，就不會(huì)做出需要做出的決定。
Bribery and corruption are common as a way to increase the wealth of the oligarchs.賄賂和腐敗是增加寡頭政府（獲得）財(cái)富的常見方式。
