Words and Expressions
1、ongoing/??n?ɡ????/ adj.
An?ongoing?situation has been happening for quite a long time and seems likely to continue for some time in the future. 進行中的; 繼續存在的
例：There is an ongoing debate on the issue.?關于這個問題爭論還在繼續。
[文中句子]Science is an ongoing search for truth.
2、put forward
If you?put forward?a plan, proposal, or name, you suggest that it should be considered for a particular purpose or job. 提出 (計劃、建議、名稱)
例：He has put forward new peace proposals.?他已提出了新的和平建議。
3、pick holes 挑毛病
people in the similar field are invitied to pick holes
4、peer review 同行審議
5、falsify/?f??ls??fa?/ Vt.
If someone?falsifies?something, they change it or add untrue details to it in order to deceive people. 篡改
例：The charges against him include fraud, bribery, and falsifying business records.
對他的指控包括詐騙、賄賂和篡改業務記錄。
?fraud/fr??d/ n.?
? Fraud?is the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by a trick or by lying. 詐騙罪
? 例：He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.?他因詐騙與欺詐被監禁了兩年。
? A?fraud?is something or someone that deceives people in a way that is illegal or dishonest. 騙人 ? 的東西; 騙子
? 例：?He's a fraud and a cheat.?他是一個騙子。
6、speculative/?sp?kj?l?t?v/adj.
A piece of information that is?speculative?is based on guesses rather than knowledge. 猜測性的
例：The papers ran speculative stories about the mysterious disappearance of Eddie Donagan.
各報刊登了有關埃迪?多納根神秘失蹤的猜測性報道。
Speculative?is used to describe activities which involve buying goods or shares, or buildings and properties, in the hope of being able to sell them again at a higher price and make a profit. 投機性的
例：?Thousands of retirees were persuaded to mortgage their homes to invest in speculative bonds.?上千的退休人員被勸說抵押他們的房子去投資投機性的債券。
7、deflection/d??fl?k??n/ n.
?The?deflection?of something means making it change direction. 偏離
例：?...the deflection of light as it passes through the slits in the grating.
... 光線穿過柵欄縫隙的折射。
TIn sports, the?deflection?of a ball, kick, or shot is when the ball hits an object and then travels in a different direction. 轉向
8、foil/f??l/ u.n.?
Foilconsists of sheets of metal as thin as paper. It is used to wrap food in. (用于包裹食物的) 箔紙
例：Pour cider around the meat and cover with foil.?在肉的四周倒上蘋果酒，然后蓋上箔紙。
9、all the more adv.更加
10、four bodily humours 四種體液
11、phlogiston/fl??d??st?n, -t?n/ n.
A hypothetical substance formerly thought to be present in all combustible materials and to be released during burning 燃素; 舊時人們認為所有可燃物中存在的一種假想物質，燃燒時被釋放
12、cathode ray 陰極射線
electron-beam
cathode n. 陰極 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? anion ?n.陰離子
cathodic adj.陰極的 ? ? ? ? ? ?anionic adj.陰離子的
anode n.陽極 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cation ?n.陽離子
anodic adj.陽極的 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cationic adj.陽離子的
13、fourfold/?f???f??ld/ adj.?
equal to or having four times as many or as much 四倍的
(adv. by or up to four times as many or as much 四倍地)
quadruple/?kw?dr?p?l, -?dru?p?l/ Vt.&Vi.; adj.
If someone?quadruples?an amount or if it?quadruples, it becomes four times bigger. 使成4倍; 成為4倍
例：China seeks to quadruple its income in twenty years.?中國力求在20年內將其收入翻兩番。
You use?quadruple?to indicate that something has four parts or happens four times. 由4部分組成的; 發生4次的
例：The quadruple murder has replaced property prices as the sole topic of interest.
這4起連環謀殺案已經取代房價成為了人們惟一感興趣的話題。
14、astrolabe/??str??le?b/ n.
an instrument used by early astronomers to measure the altitude of stars and planets and also as a navigational aid. It consists of a graduated circular disc with a movable sighting device 星盤?
15、alchemy/??lk?m?/?N-UNCOUNT
Alchemy?was a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages, that was concerned with trying to discover ways to change ordinary metals into gold. 煉金術
16、dissection[di'sek??n] n.?解剖，剖割；切開，分割
17、millennium/m??l?n??m/ n.
A?millennium?is a period of one thousand years, especially one which begins and ends with a year ending in "000," for example the period from the year 1000 to the year 2000. 一千年
例：?...the dawn of a new millennium.?…新千年的開始。
Many people refer to the year 2000 as?the?Millennium. 2000年; 千禧年
例：...the eve of the Millennium.?…千禧年的前夜。
18、flea/fli?/ n.
A?flea?is a very small jumping insect that has no wings and feeds on the blood of humans or animals. 跳蚤
19、discredit/d?s?kr?d?t/ Vt.
To?discredit?someone or something means to cause them to lose people's respect or trust. 使…喪失信譽
例：...a secret unit within the company that had been set up to discredit its major rival.
…為破壞其主要競爭對手聲譽而設的一個公司內秘密單位。
20、leapfrog/?li?p?fr?ɡ/
1.N-UNCOUNTLeapfrog?is a game which children play, in which a child bends over, while others jump over their back. 跳背游戲
例：The kids were playing leapfrog and doing somersaults in the backyard.?孩子們正在后院玩跳背游戲和翻筋頭。
2.V-T/V-IIf one group of people?leapfrogs?into a particular position or?leapfrogs?someone else, they use the achievements of another person or group in order to make advances of their own. (利用別人成就) 超越
例：?It is already obvious that all four American systems have leapfrogged over the European versions.?顯然，美國的全部4套系統已經超越了歐洲的版本。
21、paleontology[,p?ili?n't?l?d?i; ,pei-]?n.古生物學
22、turn up
If you say that someone or something?turns up, you mean that they arrive unexpectedly or after you have been waiting a long time. (意外地或終于) 出現
例：?They finally turned up at nearly midnight.?他們終于在近午夜時出現了。
Richard had turned up on Christmas Eve with Tony.?理查德在圣誕前夜與托尼一起出現。
23、inherit/?n?h?r?t/ Vt.
If you inherit?money or property, you receive it from someone who has died. 繼承 (財產)
例：He has no son to inherit his land.?他沒有兒子來繼承他的土地。
If you?inherit?something such as a task, problem, or attitude, you get it from the people who used to have it, for example, because you have taken over their job or been influenced by them. 接手; 接任
The Endara government inherited an impossibly difficult situation from its predecessors.
恩達拉政府從其前任手里接過了一個極為困難的局面。
If you?inherit?a characteristic or quality, you are born with it, because your parents or ancestors also had it. 經遺傳而得 (特征、品質等)
例：?We inherit from our parents many of our physical characteristics.?我們從父母的遺傳中得到許多體貌特征。
Her children have inherited her love of sports.?她的孩子們從她那里繼承了對體育運動的愛好。
heredity/h??r?d?t?/ u.n.
Heredity?is the process by which features and characteristics are passed on from parents to their children before the children are born. 遺傳
例：?Heredity is not a factor in causing the cancer.?遺傳并非導致這種癌癥的一個因素。
hereditary/h??r?d?t?r?/adj.
A?hereditary?characteristic or illness is passed on to a child from its parents before it is born. 遺傳 (性) 的
例：?Cystic fibrosis is the commonest fatal hereditary disease.?囊性纖維化是最常見的致命性遺傳疾病。
A title or position in society that ishereditaryis one that is passed on as a right from parent to child. 世襲的
24、daunting/?d??nt??/ adj.
Something that is?daunting?makes you feel slightly afraid or worried about dealing with it. 使人畏縮的
例：?He and his wife Jane were faced with the daunting task of restoring the gardens to their former splendour. 他和他的妻子簡當時面臨著恢復花園昔日風采的艱巨任務。
25、genome/?d?i?n??m/ n.?In biology, a?genome?is the particular number and arrangement of chromosomes within the cells of an organism such as an animal or plant that distinguishes it from other types of organism. 基因組
26、relentless/r??l?ntl?s/ adj.
Something bad that isrelentlessnever stops or never becomes less intense. 毫不留情的
例：The pressure now was relentless.?壓力現在毫無減弱之意。
Someone who is?relentless?is determined to do something and refuses to give up, even if what they are doing is unpleasant or cruel. 堅持不懈的
Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical ability was remarkable.
由于對質量的堅持不懈的追求，他的技術能力非同凡響。
