Android6.0中新添加了運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限，對(duì)于一些敏感的權(quán)限系統(tǒng)要求等用戶確認(rèn)授予權(quán)限后才可使用。如果沒(méi)做Android6.0的適配在Android6.0的設(shè)備上并且apk的目標(biāo)版本高于23，一些功能可能因?yàn)槲茨塬@取權(quán)限而崩潰。
運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限官方文檔

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下面以獲取打開(kāi)相冊(cè)權(quán)限為例，了解下運(yùn)行時(shí)權(quán)限的適配處理,需要處理的敏感權(quán)限信息同時(shí)也應(yīng)該在清單文件中聲明。

檢查是否已獲得相應(yīng)權(quán)限

if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(view.getContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) 

未獲取相應(yīng)權(quán)限

如果還沒(méi)有獲取相應(yīng)權(quán)限通過(guò)下面的方法申請(qǐng)

 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 100);

系統(tǒng)會(huì)彈窗對(duì)話框像用戶申請(qǐng)權(quán)限，用戶同意或拒絕都會(huì)在onRequestPermissionsResult方法中回調(diào)

回調(diào)方法參數(shù)中會(huì)有請(qǐng)求碼，申請(qǐng)的權(quán)限數(shù)組和申請(qǐng)結(jié)果數(shù)組，如果對(duì)應(yīng)的返回結(jié)果是PERMISSION_GRANTED代表用戶同意了該請(qǐng)求。
Fragment中和Activity中請(qǐng)求獲取權(quán)限的方法稍有不同，上面的方法如果在Fragment中不能成功獲取回調(diào)。在Fragment中應(yīng)使用requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 100);

 if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, null);
                intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
                intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
                startActivityForResult(intent, 1001);
            }else {
                Snackbar.make(getWindow().getDecorView(),"獲取權(quán)限被拒絕",Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT)
                        .show();
            }

此外系統(tǒng)提供了另外一個(gè)方法，當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)的權(quán)限被拒絕時(shí)可以向用戶接受獲取該權(quán)限的原因的api,但檢查沒(méi)有獲取到權(quán)限可以加層判斷解釋獲取的原因。

 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {

                Snackbar.make(view,"請(qǐng)求獲取打開(kāi)相冊(cè)權(quán)限",Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT)
                        .setAction("OK", new View.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(View v) {
                                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 100);
                            }
                        }).show();


            }

已經(jīng)獲取相應(yīng)權(quán)限

如果已經(jīng)獲取了權(quán)限，則直接走打開(kāi)相冊(cè)的代碼邏輯

 Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, null);
            intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
            intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
            startActivityForResult(intent, 1001);

獲取權(quán)限主要代碼如下

 private void showCamera(View view) {

        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(view.getContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i("whl", "請(qǐng)求獲取權(quán)限");
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {

                Snackbar.make(view,"請(qǐng)求獲取打開(kāi)相冊(cè)權(quán)限",Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT)
                        .setAction("OK", new View.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(View v) {
                                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 100);
                            }
                        }).show();


            } else {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 100);

            }


        } else {
            Log.i("whl", "獲取了相機(jī)權(quán)限");

            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, null);
            intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
            intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
            startActivityForResult(intent, 1001);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        Log.i("whl",permissions[0]+"----"+grantResults[0]);
        if (requestCode==100){
            if (grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, null);
                intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
                intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
                startActivityForResult(intent, 1001);
            }else {
                Snackbar.make(getWindow().getDecorView(),"獲取權(quán)限被拒絕",Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT)
                        .show();
            }

        }

    }