sketch.txt
Man: Is this the right room for an argument?
Other Man: I've told you once.
Man: No you haven't!
Other Man: Yes I have.
Man: When?
Other Man: Just now.
Man: No you didn't!
Other Man: Yes I did!
Man: You didn't!
Other Man: I'm telling you, I did!
Man: You did not!
Other Man: Oh I'm sorry, is this a five minute argument, or the full half hour?
Man: Ah! (taking out his wallet and paying) Just the five minutes.
Other Man: Just the five minutes. Thank you.
Other Man: Anyway, I did.
Man: You most certainly did not!
Other Man: Now let's get one thing quite clear: I most definitely told you! #一行多個：
Man: Oh no you didn't!
Other Man: Oh yes I did!
Man: Oh no you didn't!
Other Man: Oh yes I did!
Man: Oh look, this isn't an argument!
(pause) #沒有：
Other Man: Yes it is!
Man: No it isn't!
(pause)
Man: It's just contradiction!
Other Man: No it isn't!
Man: It IS!
Other Man: It is NOT!
Man: You just contradicted me!
Other Man: No I didn't!
Man: You DID!
Other Man: No no no!
Man: You did just then!
Other Man: Nonsense!
Man: (exasperated) Oh, this is futile!!
(pause)
Other Man: No it isn't!
Man: Yes it is!

***=opne()
***.close()
os.chdir()切換目錄
os.getcwd()查看當前目錄
readline()獲取一行數據
seek()回到文件起始位置
split("*")以某個符號為分隔符，默認盡可能多的分割
split("",1)分割一次
無法更改的常量列表叫元組
數據不符合期望格式ValueError
數據無法正常訪問IOError
方法一：考慮每種異常
import os
if os.path.exists('sketch.txt'):    
    data = open('sketch.txt')
    for each_line in data:
        if not each_line.find(':') == -1:
            (role, line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
            print(role),
            print('said:'),
            print(line_spoken),
    data.close()
else:
    print("The file is missing!")
方法二：增加異常處理
try:
    data = open('sketch.txt')
    for each_line in data:
        try:
            (role, line_spoken) = each_line.split(':')
            print(role),
            print('said:'),
            print(line_spoken),
        except:
            pass
    data.close()
except:
    print("The file is missing!")
推薦使用異常處理，但是需要指定異常而不是所有異常統一處理

為代碼增加輸出
print("",file=*)
open("*.out","w")#追加a，寫和讀w+
讀寫都需要close()

輸出到屏幕
man = []
other = []
try:
    data = open('sketch.txt')
    for each_line in data:
        try:
            (role, line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
            line_spoken = line_spoken.strip() #刪除空白
            if role == 'Man':
                man.append(line_spoken)
            elif role == 'Other Man':
                other.append(line_spoken)
        except ValueError:
            pass
    data.close()
except IOError:
    print("The file is missing!")
print(man)
print(other)

輸出到文件
man = []
other = []

try:
    data = open('sketch.txt',encoding='utf8')
    for each_line in data:
        try:
            (role, line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
            line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()
            if role == 'Man':
                man.append(line_spoken)
            elif role == 'Other Man':
                other.append(line_spoken)
        except ValueError:
            pass
    data.close()  
except IOError:
    print("The file is missing!")
    
try:
    man_file=open('man_data.txt','w')
    other_file=open('other_data.txt','w')
    print(man,file=man_file)
    print(other,file=other_file)
    #man_file.close()modify:把close移到finally，保證關閉
    #other_file.close()   
except IOError:
    print('File error.')
finally:
    if 'man_file' in locals(): #增加文件不存在的判斷
        man_file.close()
    if 'other_file' in locals():
        other_file.close()

優化close&&日志版
man = []
other = []

try:
    with open('sketch.txt',encoding='utf8') as data: #使用with替代finally
        for each_line in data:
            try:
                (role, line_spoken) = each_line.split(':',1)
                line_spoken = line_spoken.strip()
                if role == 'Man':
                    man.append(line_spoken)
                elif role == 'Other Man':
                    other.append(line_spoken)
            except ValueError:
                pass  
except IOError as Ierr:
    print("error:"+str(Ierr))
    
try:
    with open('man_data.txt','w') as man_file:
        print(man,file=man_file)
    with open('other_data.txt','w') as other_file:
        print(other,file=other_file)  
except IOError as err: #輸出具體錯誤
    print('File error:'+str(err)) #BIF要求異常對象為字符串

修改print_lol函數使輸出的文件滿足一定格式

將輸出的文件持久儲存