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apache下的httpclient工具可大大簡化開發過程中的點對點通信，本人將以微信多媒體接口為例，展示httpclient多媒體的上傳下載，本示例基于httpclient4.5。

上傳多媒體文件函數

/**
     * HttpClient POST請求 ,上傳多媒體文件
     *
     * @param url 請求地址
     * @param filePath 多媒體文件絕對路徑
     * @return 多媒體文件ID
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static String postForUploadStream(String url, String filePath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST開始-------------------------------");
        log.info("POST:" + url);
        log.info("filePath:" + filePath);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
            log.error("post請求不合法，請檢查uri參數!");
            return null;
        }
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();

        // 模擬表單上傳 POST 提交主體內容
        String boundary = "-----------------------------" + new Date().getTime();
        // 待上傳的文件
        File file = new File(filePath);

        if (!file.exists() || file.isDirectory()) {
            log.error(filePath + ":不是一個有效的文件路徑");
            return null;
        }

        // 響應內容
        String respContent = null;

        InputStream is = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        File tempFile = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            // 創建臨時文件，將post內容保存到該臨時文件下，臨時文件保存在系統默認臨時目錄下，使用系統默認文件名稱
            tempFile = File.createTempFile(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd").format(new Date()), null);
            os = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
            is = new FileInputStream(file);

            os.write(("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
            os.write(String.format(
                    "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"\r\n")
                    .getBytes());
            os.write(String.format("Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", FileHelper.getMimeType(file)).getBytes());

            // 讀取上傳文件
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            byte[] buff = new byte[8096];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {
                os.write(buff, 0, len);
            }

            os.write(("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes());

            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 創建POST請求
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 創建請求實體
            FileEntity reqEntity = new FileEntity(tempFile, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);

            // 設置請求編碼
            reqEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
            // 執行請求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 獲取響應內容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if(respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查URL地址和請求參數...");
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bis != null) {
                bis.close();
            }

            if (is != null) {
                is.close();
            }

            if (os != null) {
                os.close();
            }

            if (httpPost != null) {
                httpPost.releaseConnection();
            }

            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST結束-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

下載多媒體文件主函數

/**
     * HttpClient GET請求，可接受普通文本JSON等
     *
     * @param uri Y 請求URL，參數封裝
     * @return 響應字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String getForDownloadStream(String uri, String targetPath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri) || StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri or targetPath parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 創建GET請求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 響應碼
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 響應信息
            if (statusCode == 200) {// 請求成功
                // 獲取響應MineType
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
                    log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());

                    if (targetPath.contains(".")) {
                        targetPath = targetPath.substring(0, targetPath.lastIndexOf(".")) + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else if (targetPath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
                        targetPath += UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else {
                        targetPath += File.separator + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    }
                    // 寫入磁盤
                    respContent = FileHelper.writeFile(entity.getContent(), targetPath);
                } else {
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                }
            } else {
                log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查請求地址及參數");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null)
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            if (httpClient != null)
                // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                httpClient.close();
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

微信示例測試
上傳

上傳到微信服務器
下載

從微信服務器下載到本地

最后，附上完整的工具類

package org.os.tools;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.FileEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import java.io.*;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
 * 常用工具類：Apache HttpClient工具
 *
 * @author Jie
 * @date 2015-2-12
 * @since JDK1.6
 */
public class HttpClientHelper {

    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HttpClientHelper.class);

    private static List<String> mineTypeList = new ArrayList<String>();

    static {
        mineTypeList.add("application/octet-stream");
        mineTypeList.add("application/pdf");
        mineTypeList.add("application/msword");

        mineTypeList.add("image/png");
        mineTypeList.add("image/jpg");
        mineTypeList.add("image/jpeg");
        mineTypeList.add("image/gif");
        mineTypeList.add("image/bmp");

        mineTypeList.add("audio/amr");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/mp3");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/aac");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/wma");
        mineTypeList.add("audio/wav");

        mineTypeList.add("video/mpeg");
    }

    /***
     * HttpClient GET請求，Header參數
     *
     * @param uri 請求地址
     * @param name 參數名稱
     * @param value 參數值
     * @return 響應字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015年7月7日
     */
    public static String getMethod(String uri, String name, String value) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        log.info("req:[" + name + "=" + value + "]");
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = null;
        try {
            // 創建GET請求
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            httpGet.addHeader(name, value);
            // 提交GET請求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 獲取響應內容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查URL地址和請求參數...");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null) {
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            }
            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient GET請求，可接受普通文本JSON等
     *
     * @param uri Y 請求URL，參數封裝
     * @return 響應字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String getMethod(String uri) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 創建GET請求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 響應碼
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 響應信息
            if (statusCode == 200) {// 請求成功
                // 獲取響應MineType
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {// 下載失敗
                    log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());
                } else {
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                }
            } else {
                log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查請求地址及參數");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null)
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            if (httpClient != null)
                // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                httpClient.close();
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient GET請求，可接受普通文本JSON等
     *
     * @param uri Y 請求URL，參數封裝
     * @return 響應字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String getForDownloadStream(String uri, String targetPath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("GET:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri) || StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri or targetPath parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 創建GET請求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {
            httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 響應碼
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 響應信息
            if (statusCode == 200) {// 請求成功
                // 獲取響應MineType
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
                    log.info("MineType:" + contentType.getMimeType());

                    if (targetPath.contains(".")) {
                        targetPath = targetPath.substring(0, targetPath.lastIndexOf(".")) + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else if (targetPath.endsWith(File.separator)) {
                        targetPath += UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "." + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    } else {
                        targetPath += File.separator + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "."
                                + contentType.getMimeType().split("/")[1];
                    }
                    // 寫入磁盤
                    respContent = FileHelper.writeFile(entity.getContent(), targetPath);
                } else {
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                }
            } else {
                log.error("resp：code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查請求地址及參數");
            }
        } finally {
            if (httpGet != null)
                httpGet.releaseConnection();
            if (httpClient != null)
                // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                httpClient.close();
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient GET END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient POST請求 ,傳參方式：key-value
     *
     * @param uri 請求地址
     * @param params 參數列表
     * @return 響應字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("ThrowFromFinallyBlock")
    public static String postMethod(String uri, List<NameValuePair> params) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("POST:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        log.info("req:" + params);
        // 創建GET請求
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        String respContent = null;
        try {
            httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
            // 執行請求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 獲取響應內容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查URL地址和請求參數...");
            }
        } finally {
            close(null, null, null, httpPost, httpClient);
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient POST請求 ,上傳多媒體文件
     *
     * @param url 請求地址
     * @param filePath 多媒體文件絕對路徑
     * @return 多媒體文件ID
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static String postForUploadStream(String url, String filePath) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST開始-------------------------------");
        log.info("POST:" + url);
        log.info("filePath:" + filePath);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(url)) {
            log.error("post請求不合法，請檢查uri參數!");
            return null;
        }
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();

        // 模擬表單上傳 POST 提交主體內容
        String boundary = "-----------------------------" + new Date().getTime();
        // 待上傳的文件
        File file = new File(filePath);

        if (!file.exists() || file.isDirectory()) {
            log.error(filePath + ":不是一個有效的文件路徑");
            return null;
        }

        // 響應內容
        String respContent = null;

        InputStream is = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        File tempFile = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            // 創建臨時文件，將post內容保存到該臨時文件下，臨時文件保存在系統默認臨時目錄下，使用系統默認文件名稱
            tempFile = File.createTempFile(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy_MM_dd").format(new Date()), null);
            os = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
            is = new FileInputStream(file);

            os.write(("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes());
            os.write(String.format(
                    "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"media\"; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"\r\n")
                    .getBytes());
            os.write(String.format("Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", FileHelper.getMimeType(file)).getBytes());

            // 讀取上傳文件
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            byte[] buff = new byte[8096];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = bis.read(buff)) != -1) {
                os.write(buff, 0, len);
            }

            os.write(("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes());

            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 創建POST請求
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 創建請求實體
            FileEntity reqEntity = new FileEntity(tempFile, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);

            // 設置請求編碼
            reqEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
            // 執行請求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 獲取響應內容
            respContent = repsonse(response);
            if(respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查URL地址和請求參數...");
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bis != null) {
                bis.close();
            }

            if (is != null) {
                is.close();
            }

            if (os != null) {
                os.close();
            }

            if (httpPost != null) {
                httpPost.releaseConnection();
            }

            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST結束-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取響應內容，針對MimeType為text/plan、text/json格式
     *
     * @param response HttpResponse對象
     * @return 轉為UTF-8的字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-28
     */
    private static String repsonse(HttpResponse response) throws ParseException, IOException {
        StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
        int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();// 響應碼
        String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 響應信息
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
        if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 請求成功
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
            log.info("MineType：" + contentType.getMimeType());
            content.append(EntityUtils.toString(entity, Consts.UTF_8));
        } else {
            content.append("code[").append(statusCode).append("],desc[").append(reasonPhrase).append("]");
        }
        return content.toString().replace("\r\n", "").replace("\n", "");
    }

    // 釋放資源
    private static void close(File tempFile, OutputStream os, InputStream is, HttpPost httpPost,
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient) throws IOException {
        if (tempFile != null && tempFile.exists() && !tempFile.delete()) {
            tempFile.deleteOnExit();
        }
        if (os != null) {
            os.close();
        }
        if (is != null) {
            is.close();
        }
        if (httpPost != null) {
            // 釋放資源
            httpPost.releaseConnection();
        }
        if (httpClient != null) {
            httpClient.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * HttpClient POST請求 ,可接受普通字符響應，也可支持下載多媒體文件
     *
     * @param uri Y 請求地址
     * @param params Y 請求參數串，推薦使用JSON格式
     * @return 響應字符串
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2016年4月8日
     */
    public static String postMethod(String uri, String params) throws IOException {
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST BEGIN-------------------------------");
        log.info("uri:" + uri);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(uri)) {
            throw new RuntimeException(" uri parameter is null or is empty!");
        }
        // 響應內容
        InputStream is = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        String respContent = "";
        try {

            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 創建POST請求
            httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
            httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));
            // 執行請求
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 獲取響應信息
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();
            String reasonPhrase = statusLine.getReasonPhrase();// 響應信息
            if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 請求成功
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                ContentType contentType = ContentType.get(entity);
                if (mineTypeList.contains(contentType.getMimeType().toLowerCase())) {
                    log.info("MineType ：" + contentType.getMimeType());
                    respContent = StreamHelper.read(entity.getContent());
                } else {
                    // 獲取響應內容
                    respContent = repsonse(response);
                    if (respContent.startsWith("code")) {
                        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
                        throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查URL地址和請求參數...");
                    }
                }
            } else {
                log.error("code[" + statusCode + "],desc[" + reasonPhrase + "]");
                throw new RuntimeException("請求失敗，請檢查請求地址或請求參數");
            }
        } finally {
            // noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
            close(null, null, is, httpPost, httpClient);
        }
        log.info("resp：" + respContent);
        log.info("------------------------------HttpClient POST END-------------------------------");
        return respContent;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = String.format("asdlkfajfk%naskdfjdlksaf");
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

寫入文件函數

/**
     * 寫入文件到目標磁盤中
     * 
     * @param in 文件輸入流
     * @param targetPath 文件存放目標絕對路徑(包含文件)
     * @return
     * @author Jie
     * @throws Exception
     * @date 2015-2-12
     */
    public static String writeFile(InputStream in, String targetPath) throws IOException {
        if (in == null) {
            log.error("The InputStream is null");
            return "未能獲取到輸入流";
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(targetPath)) {
            log.error("The targetPath is null");
            return "文件保存路徑不可為空";
        }
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            File file = new File(targetPath);
            if (file.isDirectory()) {
                return "保存的文件應是一個文件，而非一個目錄";
            }
            os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            int len = 0;
            byte[] ch = new byte[1024];
            while ((len = in.read(ch)) != -1) {
                os.write(ch, 0, len);
            }
            log.info("File save success : " + file.getAbsolutePath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "保存文件到磁盤異常：" + e.getMessage();
        } finally {
            close(os, null);
        }
        return "成功";
    }

獲取文件MineType

/** 
     * 獲文件類型
     * @param file 目標文件
     * @return MimeType
     * @author Jie
     * @date 2015-2-28
*/
public static String getMimeType(File file) {
    return new MimetypesFileTypeMap().getContentType(file);
}

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