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3.pytest命令行參數

3.1 pytest控制臺信息詳解

? ? 通常在運行pytest之后，會出現如下所示的控制臺信息：

C:\Users\Surpass\Documents\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest test_01.py
==================test session starts =======================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\Documents\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 2 items

test_01.py .F                                    [100%]

===================FAILURES =================================
__________________ test_add_02 ______________________________

    def test_add_02():
>       assert Add(3,4)==6
E       assert 7 == 6
E        +  where 7 = Add(3, 4)

test_01.py:12: AssertionError
================ short test summary info ====================
FAILED test_01.py::test_add_02 - assert 7 == 6
=============== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.56s ==================

===== test session starts =====

測試會話分隔符，代表啟動了一個新的調用

platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1

當前運行的平臺，Python、pytest、pytest包的版本等信息

rootdir

當前起始目錄，pytest搜索測試代碼時使用的目錄

collected 2 items

在搜索的目錄中找到的測試函數個數

test_01.py .F

test_01.py代表測試文件

FAILED

未通過的測試函數的失敗原因

1 failed, 1 passed in 0.14s

統計測試函數通過和未通過的數量及運行時間

3.2 Pytest運行結果類型

? ? 在Pytest中，測試函數可能會返回多種結果，不像傳統的單元測試框架，僅顯示通過和失敗。以下是可能返回的結果：

PASSED（.）

測試通過。預期成功，實際成功

F（FAILED）

表示測試未通過，也可能是XPASS狀態與strict選項造成的沖突。預期成功，實際失敗

SKIPPED（s）

測試函數未執行，即該運行測試時跳過該測試函數，常用測試標記@pytest.mark.skip()或@pytest.mark.skipif()指定跳過測試的條件

xfail(x)

期望測試失敗，而且確實失敗。常用測試標記@pytest.mark.xfail()來指定認為會失敗的測試函數。預期失敗，實際失敗

XPASS（X）

期望測試失敗，但實際結果卻是運行通過，即不符合預期。預期失敗，實際成功

ERROR(E)

運行測試函數時，出現異常或錯誤，可能由fixture引起

3.3 Pytest命令行參數

? ? 很多時候，運行單元測試框架并不需要界面，更多的時候采用命令行的形式執行，pytest也提供很多的命令行參數，獲取命令行參數幫助如下所示：

pytest --help


usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]

positional arguments:
  file_or_dir
general:
 -x, --exitfirst       exit instantly on first error or failed test.

? ? 下面來學習一些常用的命令行參數

3.3.1 --collect-only

? ? 該參數僅收集測試函數，但并不執行運行操作。如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest --collect-only
============================= test session starts ================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 3 items
<Module test_01.py>
  <Function test_add_01>
  <Function test_add_02>
<Module test_02.py>
  <Function test_requestBaidu>

3.3.2 -k Expression

? ? -k選項允許使用表達式來指定期望運行的測試函數。常用于篩選要進行運行的測試函數。在以下示例中，僅運行當前及其子目錄中測試函數名含request或temp的測試函數，源代碼如下所示：

test_01.py

import pytest

# First of sample function
def Add(x:int,y:int)->int:
    return x+y

# First of test function
def test_add_01():
    assert Add(2,3)==5

def test_add_02():
    assert Add(3,4)==6

def test_request_01():
    assert Add(4,3)==7

def test_temp_01():
    assert Add(8,3)==11

test_02.py

import requests

import  pytest

url = "http://www.baidu.com"
port = 80

def test_requestBaidu():
    testUrl=f"{url}:{port}"
    r=requests.get(url=testUrl,timeout=10)
    content=r.content.decode("utf8")
    print(content)
    assert "bai" in content

以下先驗證篩選的結果是否正確：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest -k "request or temp" --collect-only
============================== test session starts =======================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 5 items / 2 deselected / 3 selected
<Module test_01.py>
  <Function test_request_01>
  <Function test_temp_01>
<Module test_02.py>
  <Function test_requestBaidu>
=========================== 2 deselected in 2.36s =================================

實際運行結果：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest -k "request or temp" -v
======================== test session starts ======================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- d:\program files\python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 5 items / 2 deselected / 3 selected
test_01.py::test_request_01 PASSED                                            [ 33%]
test_01.py::test_temp_01 PASSED                                               [ 66%]
test_02.py::test_requestBaidu PASSED                                          [100%]
====================== 3 passed, 2 deselected in 0.52s ==============================

3.3.3 -m MarkExpr

? ? 該選項常用于標記測試并分組，方便快速運行選中的測試函數，具體的標記可以自定義，可以使用裝飾器@pytest.mark。示例如下：

test_01.py

import pytest

# First of sample function
def Add(x:int,y:int)->int:
    return x+y

@pytest.mark.TestMark
# First of test function
def test_add_01():
    assert Add(2,3)==5

def test_add_02():
    assert Add(3,4)==6

@pytest.mark.RunThisTestFunc
def test_request_01():
    assert Add(4,3)==7

def test_temp_01():
    assert Add(8,3)==11

test_01.py

import requests
import  pytest

url = "http://www.baidu.com"
port = 80

@pytest.mark.RunThisTestFunc
def test_requestBaidu():
    testUrl=f"{url}:{port}"
    r=requests.get(url=testUrl,timeout=10)
    content=r.content.decode("utf8")
    print(content)
    assert "bai" in content

運行結果如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest -m "RunThisTestFunc or not TestMark" --collect-only
=========================== test session starts ====================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 5 items / 1 deselected / 4 selected
<Module test_01.py>
  <Function test_add_02>
  <Function test_request_01>
  <Function test_temp_01>
<Module test_02.py>
  <Function test_requestBaidu>  
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest -m "RunThisTestFunc or not TestMark" -v
========================== test session starts =======================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- d:\program files\python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 5 items / 1 deselected / 4 selected
test_01.py::test_add_02 FAILED                                                                   [ 25%]
test_01.py::test_request_01 PASSED                                                               [ 50%]
test_01.py::test_temp_01 PASSED                                                                  [ 75%]
test_02.py::test_requestBaidu PASSED                                                             [100%]

3.3.4 -x, --exitfirst

? ? 正常情況下，pytest會運行每一個搜索到的測試函數，如果某個測試函數斷言失敗或觸發了異常，則該測試函數的運行就停止了，此時pytest會將其標記為失敗，然后繼續運行后續的測試函數，這也是我們期望的運行模式。那如果我們希望在某一個測試函數在運行失敗，則中斷不再運行后續的測試函數，此時就可以使用-x選項。

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest -x
========================== test session starts =========================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 6 items
test_01.py .F
=============================== FAILURES ==========================================
_____________________________________________________ test_add_02 _____________________________________________________
    def test_add_02():
>       assert Add(3,4)==6
E       assert 7 == 6
E        +  where 7 = Add(3, 4)
test_01.py:13: AssertionError
==================== 1 failed, 1 passed, 3 warnings in 0.32s =========================

從輸出的信息可以看出，總共有6個測試函數，而在運行第2個測試函數，斷言失敗，則停止整個運行過程，因此，僅運行了2個測試函數，一個測試通過，一個測試失敗。

3.3.5 --maxfail=num

? ? -x選項的特點是一遇到失敗，就會直接全部停止。而如果想要pytest在失敗n次后再停止，則可通過選項-maxfail指定允許失敗的次數。

import pytest

# First of sample function
def Add(x:int,y:int)->int:
    return x+y

@pytest.mark.TestMark
# First of test function
def test_add_01():
    assert Add(2,3)==5

def test_add_02():
    assert Add(3,4)==6

@pytest.mark.RunThisTestFunc
def test_request_01():
    assert Add(4,3)==7

def test_temp_01():
    assert Add(8,3)==12

運行結果如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest --maxfail=2
=============================== test session starts =====================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 6 items
test_01.py .F.F
================================= FAILURES ==========================================
_________________________________ test_add_02 __________________________________________
    def test_add_02():
>       assert Add(3,4)==6
E       assert 7 == 6
E        +  where 7 = Add(3, 4)
test_01.py:13: AssertionError
________________________________ test_temp_01 _________________________________________
    def test_temp_01():
>       assert Add(8,3)==12
E       assert 11 == 12
E        +  where 11 = Add(8, 3)
test_01.py:20: AssertionError
====================== 2 failed, 2 passed, 3 warnings in 0.35s =========================

如果--maxfail=1，則功能與-x一樣

3.3.6 --lf --last-failed

? ? 當一個或多個測試函數運行失敗后，我們常常希望能夠定位到最后一個運行失敗的測試函數，并且希望能重新運行，這時則可以使用--lf選項

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest --lf
============================== test session starts ====================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 4 items / 2 deselected / 2 selected
run-last-failure: rerun previous 2 failures (skipped 3 files)
test_01.py FF                                                                                        [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ==========================================
____________________________ test_add_02 ________________________________________
    def test_add_02():
>       assert Add(3,4)==6
E       assert 7 == 6
E        +  where 7 = Add(3, 4)
test_01.py:13: AssertionError
_____________________________________test_temp_01 _________________________________________
    def test_temp_01():
>       assert Add(8,3)==12
E       assert 11 == 12
E        +  where 11 = Add(8, 3)
test_01.py:20: AssertionError
==================== 2 failed, 2 deselected, 2 warnings in 0.13s =============================

3.3.7 --ff --failed-first

? ? --ff選項與--lf選項功能基本相同，不同之處如下所示：

--ff 先運行上次失敗的測試函數再運行完剩余的測試函數
--lf 僅運行上次失敗的測試函數

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest --ff
=============================== test session starts =======================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 6 items
run-last-failure: rerun previous 2 failures first
test_01.py FF..                                                                           [ 66%]
test_02.py .                                                                              [ 83%]
test_03.py .                                                                              [100%]
================================= FAILURES ======================================
______________________________________test_add_02 ____________________________________________
    def test_add_02():
>       assert Add(3,4)==6
E       assert 7 == 6
E        +  where 7 = Add(3, 4)
test_01.py:13: AssertionError
_______________________________________ test_temp_01 _________________________________________
    def test_temp_01():
>       assert Add(8,3)==12
E       assert 11 == 12
E        +  where 11 = Add(8, 3)
test_01.py:20: AssertionError
======================== 2 failed, 4 passed, 3 warnings in 1.88s ======================

3.3.8 -v --verbose

? ? 使用-v/--verbose，常用于輸出詳細的運行信息。最主要的區別是每個文件中的每個測試函數都占用一行（之前是每一個文件占用一行），測試的結果和名字都會顯示出來，而不再在是一個點或字符，如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest --ff --tb=no -v
======================== test session starts =====================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- d:\program files\python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 6 items
run-last-failure: rerun previous 2 failures first
test_01.py::test_add_02 FAILED                                                                [ 16%]
test_01.py::test_temp_01 FAILED                                                               [ 33%]
test_01.py::test_add_01 PASSED                                                                [ 50%]
test_01.py::test_request_01 PASSED                                                            [ 66%]
test_02.py::test_requestBaidu PASSED                                                          [ 83%]
test_03.py::test_request PASSED                                                               [100%]
====================== 2 failed, 4 passed, 3 warnings in 0.93s =============================

如果運行是彩色終端，則FAILED為紅色字體，PASS為綠色字體。

3.3.9 -q --quiet

? ? 該選項與-v功能相反，該選項會輸出簡化信息，只保留核心信息。如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest --ff --tb=line -q
FF....                                                                                        [100%]
======================================== FAILURES ====================================
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01\test_01.py:13: assert 7 == 6
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01\test_01.py:20: assert 11 == 12
2 failed, 4 passed, 3 warnings in 1.34s

3.3.10 --tb=style

? ? --tb參數主要決定捕捉到失敗后的輸出信息的顯示方式。其可選值為 auto/long/short/line/native/no，其常用模式解釋如下：

auto模式：默認值，如果有多個測試函數失敗，僅打印第一個和最后一個用例的回溯信息
long模式：輸出的信息最詳細
short模式：僅輸出assert的一行及系統判定內容，不顯示上下文
line模式：只使用一行輸出顯示所有的錯誤信息
native模式：只輸出Python標準庫的回溯信息，不顯示額外信息
no模式：直接屏蔽全部回溯信息

? ? 以上模式常用模式為：short/line/no

某個測試函數運行失敗后，pytest會列舉出失敗信息，包括失敗出現在哪一行，什么原因導致的失敗，該過程稱之為信息回溯

示例如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest -v --tb=line
============================ test session starts ================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- d:\program files\python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 6 items
test_01.py::test_add_01 PASSED                                                              [ 16%]
test_01.py::test_add_02 FAILED                                                              [ 33%]
test_01.py::test_request_01 PASSED                                                          [ 50%]
test_01.py::test_temp_01 FAILED                                                             [ 66%]
test_02.py::test_requestBaidu PASSED                                                        [ 83%]
test_03.py::test_request PASSED                                                             [100%]
==================================== FAILURES ==========================================
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01\test_01.py:13: assert 7 == 6
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01\test_01.py:20: assert 11 == 12
========================= 2 failed, 4 passed, 3 warnings in 2.10s ===========================

3.3.11 --durations=N

? ? --durations=N 該選項不關注測試具體的運行過程，只統計測試過程中哪向個階段最慢，因此使用該選項可以加快測試分節奏，顯示運行最慢的N個階段，耗時越長越靠前，如果--durations=0，則將所有階段的耗時從長到短排序后顯示。示例如下所示：

C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01>pytest  --durations=3  --tb=line -v
============================test session starts ==========================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.6, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- d:\program files\python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01
collected 6 items
test_01.py::test_add_01 PASSED                                                              [ 16%]
test_01.py::test_add_02 FAILED                                                              [ 33%]
test_01.py::test_request_01 PASSED                                                          [ 50%]
test_01.py::test_temp_01 FAILED                                                             [ 66%]
test_02.py::test_requestBaidu PASSED                                                        [ 83%]
test_03.py::test_request PASSED                                                             [100%]
=============================== FAILURES =========================================
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01\test_01.py:13: assert 7 == 6
C:\Users\Surpass\PycharmProjects\PytestStudy\Lesson01\test_01.py:20: assert 11 == 12
=============================== warnings summary ======================================
================================ slowest 3 test durations =================================
0.50s call     test_03.py::test_request
0.06s call     test_02.py::test_requestBaidu
(0.00 durations hidden.  Use -vv to show these durations.)
======================= 2 failed, 4 passed, 3 warnings in 0.93s ===========================

3.3.12 -h --help

? ? 以上僅僅是常用的一些選項，更多選項可通過-h或--help來進行查看，通過該選項不但能展示原生pytest的用法，還能展示新添加插件的選項和用法。

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Pytest03-pytest命令行參數

Pytest03-pytest命令行參數

3.pytest命令行參數

3.1 pytest控制臺信息詳解

3.2 Pytest運行結果類型

3.3 Pytest命令行參數

3.3.1 --collect-only

3.3.2 -k Expression

3.3.3 -m MarkExpr

3.3.4 -x, --exitfirst

3.3.5 --maxfail=num

3.3.6 --lf --last-failed

3.3.7 --ff --failed-first

3.3.8 -v --verbose

3.3.9 -q --quiet

3.3.10 --tb=style

3.3.11 --durations=N

3.3.12 -h --help

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美 国产 综合 欧美 视频

Pytest03-pytest命令行參數

3.pytest命令行參數

3.1 pytest控制臺信息詳解

3.2 Pytest運行結果類型

3.3 Pytest命令行參數

3.3.1 --collect-only

3.3.2 -k Expression

3.3.3 -m MarkExpr

3.3.4 -x, --exitfirst

3.3.5 --maxfail=num

3.3.6 --lf --last-failed

3.3.7 --ff --failed-first

3.3.8 -v --verbose

3.3.9 -q --quiet

3.3.10 --tb=style

3.3.11 --durations=N

3.3.12 -h --help

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美国产综合欧美视频