——如何閱讀一本書(shū)筆記 11
Part 2 Analytical Reading
CH12 Aids to Reading
導(dǎo)讀：
說(shuō)到借助輔助幫助閱讀，我們的第一反應(yīng)想到的可能是工具書(shū)。
小時(shí)候印象最深的是，家里有倆本超大的書(shū)，一本是《辭?！?，另一本是它的增訂本。有時(shí)候，會(huì)盯著書(shū)架好奇一陣子，然后踩著椅子，把厚厚的《辭?！窂臅?shū)架的最上層抱下來(lái)，翻一翻，雖然什么也看不懂，覺(jué)得大部頭好厲害。上學(xué)后，有個(gè)自己的《新華字典》才知道什么是工具書(shū)。從小到大，林林總總的工具書(shū)一直陪伴著我們，學(xué)習(xí)，工作，生活的方方面面。我們不得不承認(rèn)，工具書(shū)是我們閱讀不能缺少的一部分。
為什作者在分析閱讀之前不去講解工具書(shū)的使用，而是把這一部分放到分析閱讀之后？
首先，作者并沒(méi)有把輔助閱讀局限在狹窄的工具書(shū)這一概念上，而是把輔助閱讀的概念擴(kuò)展到除一本書(shū)之外的所有可利用的外部資源。
其次 ，作者擔(dān)心讀者過(guò)分依賴輔助閱讀，過(guò)分依賴輔助的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是讓工具代替我們思考。作者的初衷是希望讀者在利用外部資源解惑的前盡可能獨(dú)立閱讀思考，這樣我們才能在閱讀的路上越走越遠(yuǎn)，最終你會(huì)越來(lái)越少利用外部資源。嚼別人喂的飯也許很舒服，但味道你無(wú)法選擇，永遠(yuǎn)吃不出自己的味道。
On the whole, it is best to do all that you can by yourself before seeking outside help; for if you act consistently on this principle, you will find that you need less and less outside help.
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，外部資源可以分為四類
1. 相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)
2. 其它書(shū)籍
3. 導(dǎo)讀、摘要
4. 工具書(shū) 參考書(shū)
正確使用外部資源閱讀的姿勢(shì)是：盡可能在自己閱讀完一本書(shū)之后再啟用外部資源幫助進(jìn)一步理解。
Words & Phrases (每日五詞）
1. fuse
o combine different qualities, ideas, or things, or to be combinedSYNmerge:
融合，結(jié)合
Their music fuses elements as diverse as Cajun, bebop and Cuban waltzes.
2.verisimilitude/?ver?s??m?l?tju?d/noun
the appearance of being true or real
似真; 逼真：
the detail gives the novel some verisimilitude.
細(xì)節(jié)使人覺(jué)得小說(shuō)有些逼真。
3. a mean between sth and sth
a method of doing something which is between two very different methods, and better than either of them中庸之道，折中辦法〔指介于兩種不同辦法之間而比兩者都好的一種辦法〕:
It's a case of finding the mean between firmness and compassion.要在強(qiáng)硬和同情之間找出折中的辦法。
4.give way to (something)
to be replaced by something.
My excitement gave way to fear when I drove a car for the first time.
5. lexicography /?leks??k?gr?f?/noun
the practice of compiling dictionaries
詞典編纂; 詞典編纂學(xué)。
Summary of chapter 12
Key Words
intrinsic reading, extrinsic reading, common experience, special experience, words, facts
Why do we need extrinsic aids for reading?
It is good for us reading wIth our own power and with no other help. However, sometimes extrinsic aids are necessary for full understanding.
There are four categories of exerincsic aids as below:
Relevant experiences:
?- There are two kinds of experience ?mainly relevant to different kinds of books.
?- You must know how to make use of different experiences to help us understand a book.
?- Test yourself by asking the question - "could you give a concrete example of a point on the author’s saying?".
2 . Other books:
?- Great books are related and were written in certain order.
?- applying to more history and philosophy than fiction and science
3. Commentaries and abstracts:
?- You should use these aids wisely.
?- Commentaries should be read after you read and understand a book.
?- An abstract can never replace of the reading of a book, but helps you know whether a book is worthing reading or not.
4. Reference books:
how to dictionary:
?- answer four different kinds of questions about words
?- know how to find answers
?- don’t look up too many words
how to use an Encyclopedia:
?- answer questions about facts
?- lack arguments
感悟：
四點(diǎn)反思：
1. 月初時(shí)你信心滿滿加入讀書(shū)群，準(zhǔn)備掌握閱讀大法，現(xiàn)在，讀書(shū)過(guò)半，你的進(jìn)度在哪里？還在讀嗎？是不是年初時(shí)讀書(shū)的熱情已經(jīng)消退了？如作者所說(shuō)：大部分人面臨的問(wèn)題是：不知道如何好好讀完一本書(shū)
The enthusiasm with which people embark on a course of reading great books often gives way, fairly soon, to a feeling of hopeless inadequacy. One reason, of course,is that many readers do not know how to read a single book very well.
好好把這本書(shū)讀完，你值得有！
2. 一本書(shū)的知識(shí)體系由章節(jié)構(gòu)成，更大更全面的知識(shí)體系由一系列相關(guān)的書(shū)籍構(gòu)成。我們沒(méi)有自己的知識(shí)體系，歸根結(jié)底，是書(shū)讀的不夠多，讀的好書(shū)不夠多。相對(duì)主題閱讀，讀懂一本書(shū)相對(duì)容易。
Just as the whole book is the context for any of its parts, so related books provide an even larger context that helps you interpret the book you are reading.
3.千萬(wàn)不要養(yǎng)成依賴導(dǎo)讀的習(xí)慣。 我一直對(duì)拆書(shū)幫式的讀書(shū)方法不敢茍同。書(shū)要讀成自己的，而不是被別人牽著鼻子讀。
And there is this further point. If you get into the habit of depending on commentaries and handbooks, you will be totally lost if you cannot find one. You may be able to understand a particular book with the help of a commentary, but in general you will be a worse reader.
4.碰到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞就查字典，你是把書(shū)成單詞書(shū)的節(jié)奏嗎？
If you have to look up too many words at the beginning, you will certainly lose track of the book’s unity and order. The dictionary’s primary service is on those occasions when you confront
