簡(jiǎn)介
Quartz 是個(gè)開(kāi)源的作業(yè)調(diào)度框架,為在 Java 應(yīng)用程序中進(jìn)行作業(yè)調(diào)度提供了簡(jiǎn)單卻強(qiáng)大的機(jī)制。Quartz 允許開(kāi)發(fā)人員根據(jù)時(shí)間間隔(或天)來(lái)調(diào)度作業(yè)。它實(shí)現(xiàn)了作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器的多對(duì)多關(guān)系,還能把多個(gè)作業(yè)與不同的觸發(fā)器關(guān)聯(lián)。整合了 Quartz 的應(yīng)用程序可以重用來(lái)自不同事件的作業(yè),還可以為一個(gè)事件組合多個(gè)作業(yè)。雖然可以通過(guò)屬性文件(在屬性文件中可以指定 JDBC 事務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)源、全局作業(yè)和/或觸發(fā)器偵聽(tīng)器、插件、線程池,以及更多)配置 Quartz,但它根本沒(méi)有與應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)器的上下文或引用集成在一起。結(jié)果就是作業(yè)不能訪問(wèn) Web 服務(wù)器的內(nèi)部函數(shù);例如,在使用 WebSphere 應(yīng)用服務(wù)器時(shí),由 Quartz 調(diào)度的作業(yè)并不能影響服務(wù)器的動(dòng)態(tài)緩存和數(shù)據(jù)源。
使用前奏
1. 新建一個(gè)maven項(xiàng)目(可以是web也可以是普通的java項(xiàng)目),添加上相關(guān)依賴。
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<properties>
? ? <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
? ? <quartz.version>2.2.0</quartz.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
....
<!--quartz dependency-->
? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId>
? ? ? ? ? <version>${quartz.version}</version>
? ? ? </dependency>
? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
? ? ? ? ? <version>${quartz.version}</version>
? ? ? </dependency>
</dependencies>
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2. 在resources下新建一個(gè)配置文件quartz.properties,添加如下內(nèi)容:
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler #指定調(diào)度器的名稱
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3 #線程池中最多同時(shí)有3個(gè)線程運(yùn)行
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore #指定Quartz的數(shù)據(jù)(job及trigger信息)存儲(chǔ)位置,RamJobStore指內(nèi)存
啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Scheduler
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package com.netease.test.quartz;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
/**
* User: hzwangxx
* Date: 14-2-26
* Time: 0:16
*/
public class QuartzTest {
? ? public static void main(String[] args) {
? ? ? ? try {
? ? ? ? ? ? //1.從StdSchedulerFactory工廠中獲取一個(gè)任務(wù)調(diào)度器
? ? ? ? ? ? Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
? ? ? ? ? ? //2. 啟動(dòng)調(diào)度器
? ? ? ? ? ? scheduler.start();
? ? ? ? ? ? System.out.println("scheduler is start...");
? ? ? ? ? ? //關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
? ? ? ? ? ? scheduler.shutdown();
? ? ? ? } catch (SchedulerException e) {
? ? ? ? ? ? e.printStackTrace();? //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
? ? ? ? }
? ? }
}
/*
? console output:
2014-02-26 00:22:31,744 0? ? [main] INFO? - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2014-02-26 00:22:31,766 22? [main] INFO? - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2014-02-26 00:22:31,767 23? [main] INFO? - Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.0 created.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,768 24? [main] INFO? - RAMJobStore initialized.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25? [main] INFO? - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.0) 'MyScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
? Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
? NOT STARTED.
? Currently in standby mode.
? Number of jobs executed: 0
? Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 3 threads.
? Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25? [main] INFO? - Quartz scheduler 'MyScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25? [main] INFO? - Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.0
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25? [main] INFO? - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
scheduler is start...
2014-02-26 00:22:31,769 25? [main] INFO? - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,770 26? [main] INFO? - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
2014-02-26 00:22:31,770 26? [main] INFO? - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
*/
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簡(jiǎn)單Helloworld
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package com.netease.test.quartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import static org.quartz.JobBuilder.newJob;
import static org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule;
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.newTrigger;
/**
* User: hzwangxx
* Date: 14-2-26
* Time: 0:16
*/
public class QuartzTest {
? ? public static void main(String[] args) {
? ? ? ? try {
? ? ? ? ? ? //1.從StdSchedulerFactory工廠中獲取一個(gè)任務(wù)調(diào)度器
? ? ? ? ? ? Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
? ? ? ? ? ? //2. 啟動(dòng)調(diào)度器
? ? ? ? ? ? scheduler.start();
? ? ? ? ? ? System.out.println("scheduler is start...");
? ? ? ? ? ? //3. 添加定時(shí)任務(wù)
? ? ? ? ? ? //? 3.1 定義job
? ? ? ? ? ? JobDetail job = newJob(HelloJob.class)
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .withIdentity("job1", "group1")
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .build();
? ? ? ? ? ? //? 3.2 定義Trigger,使得job現(xiàn)在就運(yùn)行,并每隔3s中運(yùn)行一次,重復(fù)運(yùn)行5次, withRepeatCount(number)設(shè)定job運(yùn)行次數(shù)為number+1
? ? ? ? ? ? Trigger trigger = newTrigger()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .withIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .startNow()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .withIntervalInSeconds(3)
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .withRepeatCount(4))
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .build();
? ? ? ? ? ? //? 3.3 交給scheduler去調(diào)度
? ? ? ? ? ? scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
? ? ? ? ? ? //4. 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
? ? ? ? ? ? //scheduler.shutdown();
? ? ? ? } catch (SchedulerException e) {
? ? ? ? ? ? e.printStackTrace();
? ? ? ? }
? ? }
? ? /**
? ? * 自定義Job,實(shí)現(xiàn)Job接口并實(shí)現(xiàn)execute方法
? ? */
? ? public static class HelloJob implements Job{
? ? ? ? public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
? ? ? ? ? ? System.out.println("execute job at " + new Date() + " by trigger " + context.getTrigger().getJobKey());
? ? ? ? }
? ? }
}
/*
? console output:
2014-02-26 01:05:25,766 0? ? [main] INFO? - Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2014-02-26 01:05:25,794 28? [main] INFO? - Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2014-02-26 01:05:25,795 29? [main] INFO? - Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.0 created.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,797 31? [main] INFO? - RAMJobStore initialized.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,798 32? [main] INFO? - Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.0) 'MyScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
? Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
? NOT STARTED.
? Currently in standby mode.
? Number of jobs executed: 0
? Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 3 threads.
? Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.
2014-02-26 01:05:25,798 32? [main] INFO? - Quartz scheduler 'MyScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2014-02-26 01:05:25,799 33? [main] INFO? - Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.0
2014-02-26 01:05:25,799 33? [main] INFO? - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
scheduler is start...
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:25 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:28 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:31 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:34 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
execute job at Wed Feb 26 01:05:37 CST 2014 by trigger group1.job1
*/
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API說(shuō)明
Quartz框架核心的幾個(gè)類如下:
Scheduler - 與scheduler進(jìn)行交互的主要API,整個(gè)生命周期是由SchedulerFactory創(chuàng)建到調(diào)用shutdown()方法
Job - 希望scheduler進(jìn)行調(diào)度的自定義任務(wù)接口,主要實(shí)現(xiàn)該接口的execute方法。
JobDetail - 定義Job的相關(guān)信息
Trigger - 定義調(diào)度器調(diào)度任務(wù)的觸發(fā)器,主要描述任務(wù)的執(zhí)行時(shí)間,周期等信息
JobBuilder - 用來(lái)定義和創(chuàng)建JobDetail實(shí)例
TriggerBuilder - 用來(lái)定義和創(chuàng)建Trigger實(shí)例