1 下載安裝文件
查看下系統環境
# uname -a
Linux xxx 4.14.0_1-0-0-45 #2 SMP Tue Oct 19 18:27:28 CST 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
# ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.17
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
官網 下載 mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz （因為上面查到的系統glibc是2.17，所以選擇了相對應的版本）
image.jpeg
2 準備工作
檢查下是否安裝過的殘留文件
$ sudo su -
# rpm -qa | grep mysql
如果存在則刪除
# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-xxxxxxxxx
檢查是否存在殘留的mysql相關配置文件，如果有非預期的，可以刪除
# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql
# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
檢查是否存在計劃運行mysql的用戶和用戶組，不存在則創建
# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:1002:
# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
mysql:x:996:1002::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
因為規劃將mysql的數據存放在/home/disk1，在該目錄下創建mysql目錄，并將目錄權限設為777
# cd /home/disk1
# mkdir mysql
# chmod 777 mysql
3 安裝并啟動
將上面下載的安裝文件解壓，移動到/usr/local/mysql目錄下
# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz
# ls
mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz
# mv mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal /usr/local/mysql
編輯配置文件，內容如下：
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
# symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/disk1/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/home/disk1/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/home/disk1/mysql/mysql.pid
###character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/home/disk1/mysql/mariadb.log
pid-file=/home/disk1/mysql/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
初始化mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql/
# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/home/disk1/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
初始化需要一些時間，耐心等待。初始化完后，在mysql數據目錄下會看到生成了一系列的文件。其中的mysql.err文件中記錄了root用戶的初始密碼。記住這個密碼，初次登錄mysql可以使用這個密碼。
# cd /home/disk1/mysql/
# ls
auto.cnf ca-key.pem ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem #ib_16384_0.dblwr #ib_16384_1.dblwr ib_buffer_pool ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 #innodb_temp mysql mysql.err mysql.ibd performance_schema private_key.pem public_key.pem server-cert.pem server-key.pem sys undo_001 undo_002
# cat mysql.err
2022-09-24T09:14:21.867222Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2022-09-24T09:14:21.867339Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) initializing of server in progress as process 31621
2022-09-24T09:14:21.927464Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-09-24T09:14:28.444781Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-09-24T09:14:48.505031Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 0HVtqbUo1z#w
將mysql.server文件拷貝到/etc/init.d/mysql目錄下
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
這樣就可以以服務的方式啟動mysql了
# service mysql start
# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 44425 1 0 17:21 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/home/disk1/mysql --pid-file=/home/disk1/mysql/mysql.pid
mysql 44688 44425 6 17:21 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/disk1/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/home/disk1/mysql/mariadb.log --pid-file=/home/disk1/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 44893 21139 0 17:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
# lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 44688 mysql 24u IPv4 2942913256 0t0 TCP localhost:mysql (LISTEN)
登錄mysql，修改密碼
# ./bin/mysql -uroot -h 127.0.0.1 -p0HVtqbUo1z#w
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'mysql123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
上面在修改root用戶密碼時，使用了WITH mysql_native_password參數，如果不加這個參數，遠程登錄時可能會報下面的錯誤：
$ mysql -hx.x.x.x -uroot -pmysql123 -P3306
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2059 (HY000): Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: .../lib/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
現在本地和遠程都可以登錄并使用mysql了
$ mysql -hx.x.x.x -uroot -pmysql123 -P3306
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
