句子成分
- 主、謂、賓、表、補是主干,定、狀是枝葉。
- 主語:名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式、主從、the+adj、as、it做形式主語、數詞
- 謂語:情態動詞、助動詞、動詞
- 賓語:名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式、賓從、the+adj、數詞
- 表語:名詞、動名詞、不定式、現在/過去分詞、表從、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞、數詞
- 補語:名詞、動名詞、不定式、現在/過去分詞、形容詞、副詞
- 定語:名詞、動名詞、不定式、現在/過去分詞、從句、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞、數詞
- 狀語:不定式、現在/過去分詞、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞、數詞
- 主語和賓語大都是名詞性的詞或句
- 表語和補語大都是名詞性、形容詞性、副詞性的詞或句
- 定語和狀語大都是形容詞性、副詞性的詞或句
句子時態(時間和動作)
- 一般式主要說明動作的一些事實(be)
- 一般現在時:I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.
- 一般過去時:She often came to help us in those days.
- 一般將來時:He will get married.
- 一般過去將來時:He said he would come to see me
- 進行時主要說明動作的進行(be doing)
- 現在進行時:They are playing basketball now
- 過去進行時:We were having supper when the phone rang.
- 將來進行時:By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
- 過去將來進行時:They said they would be coming.
- 完成時主要說明動作的結果(have done)
- 現在完成時:He has already obtained a scholarship.
- 過去完成時:The bus had already left by the time I got there.
- 將來完成時:By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses
- 過去將來完成時:I thought Sophia would have told you something.
- 完成進行時主要說明動作的持續性(have been doing)
- 現在完成進行時:I have been learning English three years ago
- 過去完成進行時:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam
- 將來完成進行時:By the time John retires, James will have been practicing for 10 years
- 過去將來完成進行時:I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.