配置 VSCODE 寫 R 代碼

使用 VSCODE 寫代碼還是很爽的，因為有非常充裕的插件，多種語言的支持，并解決了我遠程寫代碼無法同時看到輸出的痛點。這篇文章記錄了我配置 VSCODE 的步驟以及遇到的問題與解決方式，一方面作為我的備忘，另一方面希望幫助到他人。

基本配置

  1. 安裝R插件用于在VSCODE中識別R語言

    [圖片上傳失敗...(image-cfe7c7-1664976327070)]

  2. R中安裝以下R包

    install.packages("languageserver")
install.packages("httpgd")

  3. VSCODE 中安裝radian終端

    pip3 install -U radian

     安裝完輸入`radian`可以進入radian終端說明安裝成功

  4. 使用radian替換默認終端

    文件 => 首選項 => 設置

    • 搜索r.rterm.windows， 輸入radian.exe路徑（如C:\Users\way\anaconda3\Scripts\radian.exe）
    • 搜索r.br，勾選R: Bracketed Paste
    • 搜索httpgd，勾選R ? Plot: Use Httpgd
    • 搜索shell wind，勾選git bash

快捷輸入

1. 快捷鍵

  • alt + -輸入 <-
  • alt + = 輸入管道 %>%
  • ctrl + enter 運行代碼
  {
    "key": "alt+-",
    "command": "editor.action.insertSnippet",
    "when": "editorTextFocus&&editorLangId=='r'",
    "args": {
      "snippet": " <- "
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "alt+=",
    "command": "editor.action.insertSnippet",
    "when": "editorTextFocus&&editorLangId=='r'",
    "args": {
      "snippet": "%>%"
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "ctrl+enter",
    "command": "workbench.action.terminal.runSelectedText",
    "when": "editorTextFocus && editorHasSelection"
  },

2. 注釋模板

通過輸入anno**就可以生成不同樣式的注釋，如下

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-7a939c-1664976327070)]

配置方式：ctrl+shift+p 輸入Snippets: Configure User Snippets => 新建全局代碼段文件，粘入以下內容：

{
    // Place your 全局 snippets here. Each snippet is defined under a snippet name and has a scope, prefix, body and 
    // description. Add comma separated ids of the languages where the snippet is applicable in the scope field. If scope 
    // is left empty or omitted, the snippet gets applied to all languages. The prefix is what is 
    // used to trigger the snippet and the body will be expanded and inserted. Possible variables are: 
    // $1, $2 for tab stops, $0 for the final cursor position, and ${1:label}, ${2:another} for placeholders. 
    // Placeholders with the same ids are connected.
    // Example:
    // "Print to console": {
    //  "scope": "javascript,typescript",
    //  "prefix": "log",
    //  "body": [
    //      "console.log('$1');",
    //      "$2"
    //  ],
    //  "description": "Log output to console"
    // }

    "Annotate steps":{
        "prefix": "annoStep",
        "body": ["###### $1"]
    },
    "Annotate header":{
        "prefix": "annoHead",
        "body": [
            "# TODO: ${1}",
            "#",
            "# Author: liuwei",
            "# Date:$CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE", 
            "###############################################################################"
            ]},

    "Annotate function":{
        "prefix": "annoFun",
        "body": [
            "#' @description ${1}",
            "#' @param ${2}",
            "#' @param ${3}",
            "#' @output ${4}",
            "#' @example ${5}",
            "#' @author ${6}"
        ]
    },

    "Annotate section":{
        "prefix": "annoSection",
        "body": [
            "###  ${1}",
            "#' ${2}",
            "##################$CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE##################",
        ],
    },

    "Annotate large section":{
        "prefix": "annoLarge",
        "body": [
            "########################################################",
            "#' ${1}",
            "#######################$CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE#######################",
        ]
    },

    "Annotate mid section":{
        "prefix": "annoMid",
        "body": [
            "### ${1}",
            "#' ${2}",
            "################################"
        ],
    },

    "Annotate small section":{
        "prefix": "annoSmall",
        "body": [
            "#######",
            "#' ${1}",
            "#######"
        ]
    },

    "Annotate test section":{
        "prefix": "annoTest",
        "body": [
            "########", 
            "$CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE", 
            "########",
            "#' -----------測試案例-----------",
            "${1}",
            "#' -----------結束測試-----------",
            "#####################"
        ],
    },

    "Annotate install":{
        "prefix": "annoInstall",
        "body": [
            "#######################安裝過程#############################",
            "#' ${1}",
            "###########################$CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE#######################",
        ],
    },

    "Annotate modify":{
        "prefix": "annoModify",
        "body": [
            "#### 修改日志 - $CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE",
            "#' ${1}",
            "##",
        ],
    },

}

遠程服務器配置

安裝完這個插件后，在遠程服務器上的操作就如同在本地一般絲滑，如下：

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-77905-1664976327070)]

搜索安裝Remote - SSH插件后，通過如下方式連接：

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-d87f85-1664976327070)]

遠程服務器錯誤解決

解決此問題需要三個包文件，可以訪問此處下載：

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1mQS1CAQHRTIoqWoCPWXbig?pwd=9rzi
提取碼：9rzi

問題1：連接服務器報錯：The remote host may not meet VS Code Server's prerequisites for glibc and libstdc++

解決方式參考：Using Visual Studio Code for C Programming on an Old Linux Remote Server，簡述如下

1. 檢查問題：

# 74b1f979648cc44d385a2286793c226e611f59e7 這串字符根據(jù)隨機生成，請根據(jù)實際修改
$ cd $HOME/.vscode-server/bin/74b1f979648cc44d385a2286793c226e611f59e7
$ ./node # 出現(xiàn)以下輸出說明C++版本不夠
# ./node: /usr/lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.16' not found (required by ./node)
# ./node: /usr/lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.17' not found (required by ./node)

$ strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC # 目前最高版本2.15，而最低要求是2.17
...
GLIBC_2.14
GLIBC_2.15
GLIBC_PRIVATE

2. 以非管理員身份安裝這些庫

2.1. 下載庫文件：
  • glibc (the GNU C standard library): glibc-2.17–307.el7.1.x86_64.rpm
  • libstdc++ (C++ standard library): libstdc++-4.8.5–39.el7.x86_64.rpm
2.2. 建立偽root安裝目錄，把待安裝文件放在里面
$ mkdir ~/local && cd ~/local
$ ll
total 4600
-rw-rw-r-- 1 liuwei2019 bioX 3817244 May 19 20:50 glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.x86_64.rpm     
-rw-rw-r-- 1 liuwei2019 bioX  816216 Jul 23 11:26 libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 liuwei2019 bioX   72524 Nov 13  2018 patchelf-0.9-10.sdl7.x86_64.rpm
2.3. 解壓抽取，創(chuàng)建類似于root用戶的安裝結構
$ rpm2cpio glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idmv
$ rpm2cpio rpm2cpio libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idmv
2.4. 檢查glibc版本
$ find . -name "lib*.so.6"
$ strings ./lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC
...
GLIBC_2.16
GLIBC_2.17 # 滿足需求
GLIBC_PRIVATE
$ strings ./usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
...
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19 # 滿足需求
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH
2.5. 重新鏈接

現(xiàn)在需要告訴VSCode使用新安裝的庫，一個天真的想法是改變$LD_LIBRARY_PATH環(huán)境變量檢查local文件夾，但是這會導致其它的命令不可用并且導致你無法再連上服務器（不要嘗試）。我們需要改變的是可執(zhí)行文件的鏈接，此時需要一個包：patchelf-0.9–10.el7.x86_64.rpm，這個包里面我們只需要保留patchelf命令，因此將它解壓到一個臨時目錄，再把這個命令拷過來：

$ mkdir ../tmp && cd ../tmp
$ rpm2cpio patchelf-0.9-10.sdl7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idmv
./usr/bin/patchelf
./usr/share/doc/patchelf-0.9
./usr/share/doc/patchelf-0.9/README      
./usr/share/licenses/patchelf-0.9        
./usr/share/licenses/patchelf-0.9/COPYING
./usr/share/man/man1/patchelf.1.gz       
333 blocks
$ mkdir -p ~/bin
$ cp usr/bin/patchelf  ~/bin
$ cd ..
$ rm -rf tmp/ #刪除臨時目錄

之后進入 VSCode 目錄運行以下代碼：

$ cd $HOME/.vscode-server/bin/74b1f979648cc44d385a2286793c226e611f59e7
$ ~/bin/patchelf --set-interpreter $HOME/local/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 --set-rpath $HOME/local/usr/lib64/:$HOME/local/lib64 node
2.6. 檢查是否成功

上面的命令沒有輸出的話可以認為沒有錯誤，讓我們檢查一下：

$ ldd node
...
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1ebff000)
        libdl.so.2 => /home/liuwei2019/local/lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f0a29af1000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /pub5/xiaoyun/BioSoftware/MATLAB/MATLAB_Compiler_Runtime/v714/sys/os/glnxa64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f0a297eb000)
        libm.so.6 => /home/liuwei2019/local/lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f0a294e9000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /pub5/xiaoyun/BioSoftware/MATLAB/MATLAB_Compiler_Runtime/v714/sys/os/glnxa64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f0a292d2000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /home/liuwei2019/local/lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f0a290b6000)  
        libc.so.6 => /usr/lib64/libc.so.6 (0x000000390ee00000)
        /home/liuwei2019/local/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x000000324d200000)

3. 大功告成，重新打開遠程（雖然有警告，但我們已經可以成功連上服務器）

[圖片上傳失敗...(image-56d05f-1664976327070)]

問題2：遠程后 bash_profile不加載

修改settings.json，添加以下內容，參考

    "terminal.integrated.profiles.linux": {
        "bash": {
            "path": "bash",
            "args": [
                "-l"
            ]
        }
     }

其它插件：

https://renkun.me/2022/03/06/my-recommendations-of-vs-code-extensions-for-r/

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