BLE中心模式流程

• 1.建立中心角色
• 2.掃描外設(Discover Peripheral)
• 3.連接外設(Connect Peripheral)
• 4.掃描外設中的服務和特征(Discover Services And Characteristics)
  • 4.1 獲取外設的services
  • 4.2 獲取外設的Characteristics,獲取characteristics的值,,獲取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
• 5.利用特征與外設做數據交互(Explore And Interact)
• 6.訂閱Characteristic的通知
• 7.斷開連接(Disconnect)

準備環境

• 1.Xcode7.0
• 2.手機
• 3.外設(手機+LightBlue)

實現步驟

1.導入CB頭文件,建立主設備管理類,設置主設備代理

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
@interface XMGBLEController () <CBCentralManagerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCentralManager *cMgr; /**< 中心管理設備 */
@end
@implementation XMGBLEController
#pragma mark - 懶加載
// 1.建立中心管理者
- (CBCentralManager *)cMgr
{
    if (!_cMgr) {
        NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        /*
         設置主設備的代理,CBCentralManagerDelegate
         必須實現的：
         - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主設備狀態改變調用，在初始化CBCentralManager的適合會打開設備，只有當設備正確打開后才能使用
         其他選擇實現的委托中比較重要的：
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外設
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設成功
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外設連接失敗
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//斷開外設
         */
        _cMgr = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()]; // 線程不傳默認是主線程
    }
    return _cMgr;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"BLE";
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
    // 初始化
    [self cMgr];
    // 不能在此處掃描,因為狀態還沒變為打開
    //[self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
}

2.掃描外設

• 掃描的方法防治cMgr成功打開的代理方法中
• 只有設備成功打開,才能開始掃描,否則會報錯

#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate
// 中心管理者狀態改變, 在初始化CBCentralManager的時候會打開設備，只有當設備正確打開后才能使用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    switch (central.state) {
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
            // 2.開始掃描周圍的外設
            /*
             第一個參數nil就是掃描周圍所有的外設，掃描到外設后會進入
             - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
             */
            [self.cMgr scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];

            break;
        default:
        break;
    }
}
// 掃描到設備會進入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);
    // 接下來連接設備
}

3.連接外設

• 掃描手環,打印結果

• 根據打印結果

// 掃描到設備會進入到此代理方法
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, per = %@, data = %@, rssi = %@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, peripheral, advertisementData, RSSI);

    // 3.接下來可以連接設備
    //如果你沒有設備，可以下載一個app叫lightbule的app去模擬一個設備
    //這里自己去設置下連接規則，我設置的是二維碼掃描到的運動手環的設備號
    // 判斷設備號是否掃描到
    if ([peripheral.name isEqualToString:@"OBand-75"]) {
        /*
         一個主設備最多能連7個外設，每個外設最多只能給一個主設備連接,連接成功，失敗，斷開會進入各自的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設成功的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外設連接失敗的委托
         - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//斷開外設的委托
         */
        // 保存外設,否則方法結束就銷毀
        self.per = peripheral;
        [self.cMgr connectPeripheral:self.per options:nil];
    }else
    {
        // 此處Alert提示未掃描到設備,重新掃描
#warning noCode
        NSLog(@"沒掃描到 >>>>>>>>  %s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    }
}
// 外設連接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為（%@）的設備-成功",peripheral.name);
}
// 外設連接失敗
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}
// 斷開連接(丟失連接)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
}

4.掃描外設中的服務和特征

  設備鏈接成功后,就可以掃描設備的服務(services)了,同樣是通過代理,掃描到結果后會觸發某代理方法.
  注意:此時CBCentralManagerDelegate已經不能滿足需求,需要新的CBPeripheralDelegate來搞定.
  該協議中包含了central與peripheral的許多回調方法
  (eg.:獲取services,獲取characteristics,獲取characteristics的值,獲取characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值,寫數據,讀RSSI,用通知的方式訂閱數據等等).

• 4.1 獲取外設的services
  • 首先設置外設的代理,并搜尋services
  • 然后在代理方法peripheral:didDiscoverServices:中遍歷services

// 外設連接成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為（%@）的設備-成功",peripheral.name);
    //設置的peripheral代理CBPeripheralDelegate
    //@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>
    [peripheral setDelegate:self];

    //掃描外設Services，成功后會進入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
    [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
    /*
     Discovers the specified services of the peripheral.
     An array of CBUUID objects that you are interested in. Here, each CBUUID object represents a UUID that identifies the type of service you want to discover.
     */
}

#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate
// 發現外設的service
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
    if (error)
    {
        NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }

    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
        NSLog(@"service.UUID = %@", service.UUID);
        //掃描每個service的Characteristics，掃描到后會進入方法： -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
        [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
    }
}

• 4.2 獲取外設的characteris,獲取Characteristics的值,獲取Characteristics的Descriptor以及Descriptor的值

// 外設發現service的特征
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
    if (error)
    {
        NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
    {
        NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
    }

#warning noCodeFor 優化,分開寫是為了讓大家看注釋清晰,并不符合編碼規范
    //獲取Characteristic的值，讀到數據會進入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
        [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外設讀取特征的值
    }

    //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors，讀到數據會進入方法：-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
        [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; // 外設發現特征的描述
    }
}

// 獲取characteristic的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    //打印出characteristic的UUID和值
    //!注意，value的類型是NSData，具體開發時，會根據外設協議制定的方式去解析數據
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.UUID:%@  value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.UUID, characteristic.value);
}
// 獲取Characteristics的 descriptor的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(nonnull CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
    //這個descriptor都是對于characteristic的描述，一般都是字符串，所以這里我們轉換成字符串去解析
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, descriptor.UUID:%@ value:%@", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, descriptor.UUID, descriptor.value);
}
// 發現特征Characteristics的描述Descriptor
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) {
        NSLog(@"descriptor.UUID:%@",descriptor.UUID);
    }
}

5.寫數據到特征中

// 5.將數據寫入特征(自定義方法,為了看的更清楚,沒別的意思)
- (void)yf_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral writeData:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    /*
    typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
        CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                               = 0x01,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                    = 0x02,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                    = 0x04,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                   = 0x08,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                  = 0x10,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                                = 0x20,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                               = 0x40,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                      = 0x80,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)     = 0x100,
        CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)   = 0x200
    };
     打印出特征的權限(characteristic.properties),可以看到有很多種,這是一個NS_OPTIONS的枚舉,可以是多個值
     常見的又read,write,noitfy,indicate.知道這幾個基本夠用了,前倆是讀寫權限,后倆都是通知,倆不同的通知方式
     */
    NSLog(@"%s, line = %d, characteristic.properties:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, characteristic.properties);

    // 只有特征的properties中有寫的屬性時候,才寫
    if (characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite) {
        // 這句才是正宗的核心代碼
        [peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
    }
}

6.訂閱特征的通知

// 設置通知
- (void)yf_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral setNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    // 設置通知, 數據會進入 peripheral:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:error:方法
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
// 取消通知
- (void)yf_peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral cancelNotifyForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
{
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}

7.斷開連接

// 7.斷開連接
- (void)yf_cMgr:(CBCentralManager *)cMgr stopScanAndDisConnectWithPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    // 停止掃描
    [cMgr stopScan];
    // 斷開連接
    [cMgr cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}