Scala第二天

數(shù)組 :new Array[Int](8)與Array[Int](8)的區(qū)別:第一種8個(gè)元素,第二個(gè)定義一個(gè)值為8的元素


scala> val arr1=new Array[Int](8)

arr1: Array[Int] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

scala> val arr2=Array[Int](8)---相當(dāng)于val arr2=Array(8)該數(shù)組只有一個(gè)元素8,

arr2: Array[Int] = Array(8)

scala> arr1.length

res4: Int = 8

scala> arr2.length

res5: Int = 1

scala> arr1(0)

res0: Int = 0

scala> arr2(0)

res1: Int = 8

scala> arr2(3)

java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3

... 32 elided 說明arr2只有一個(gè)元素

scala> arr1(0)=1

scala> arr1(0)

res3: Int = 1


變長(zhǎng)數(shù)組:scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer

1、定義變長(zhǎng)數(shù)組arr4

scala> val arr4=ArrayBuffer[Int](8)

arr4: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(8)

scala> arr4.length

res7: Int = 1

2、查看arr4中元素:只有一個(gè)元素8

scala> arr4

res9: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(8)

2、在數(shù)組的開始插入兩個(gè)數(shù)1,2

scala> arr4.insert(0,1,2)

scala> arr4

res12: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 2, 8)


倒序遍歷數(shù)組元素:reverse函數(shù)

scala> for(i<-(0 until arr1.length).reverse) println{arr1(i)}

生成新的數(shù)組:yield關(guān)鍵字

scala> val arr=for(e<-arr1) yield e*3

arr: Array[Int] = Array(3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

定長(zhǎng)數(shù)組變?yōu)樽冮L(zhǎng)數(shù)組:toBuffer函數(shù)不會(huì)改變?cè)瓟?shù)組類型

scala> arr1.toBuffer

res17: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

)

用這種方式接收toBuffer的結(jié)果

scala> val arr5=arr1.toBuffer

arr5: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)


數(shù)組常用算法

排序

scala> arr5.sorted

res18: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1

)

倒序排序

scala> arr5.sortWith(_>_)

res22: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

)

scala> arr5.sum

res19: Int = 1

scala> arr5.max

res20: Int = 1

scala> arr5.min

res21: Int = 0

sortBy算法:按照字典順序還是數(shù)字順序

數(shù)組中所有元素相加:reduce方法

scala> arr5.reduce(_+_):兩個(gè)數(shù)相加結(jié)果賦給第一個(gè)占位符的數(shù)字,再與第二個(gè)占位符的數(shù)組相加,循環(huán)第一步。

res24: Int = 1

占位符:兩個(gè)占位符的數(shù)字必須不同

map方法:以某種方式改變數(shù)組中每個(gè)元素的值

scala> arr5.map(_+3)

res25: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,

)


映射:

不可變映射

scala> val scores=Map("tom"->98,"jerry"->100)

scores: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(tom -> 98, jerry -> 100)

scala> val scores=Map(("tom",8),("jerry",100))

scores: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(tom -> 8, jerry -> 100)

scala> scores("tom")res26: Int = 8

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.map:12: error: object map is not a member of package scala.collection.mutable

可變映射

import scala.collection.mutable.map

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.Map

import scala.collection.mutable.Map

scala> val scores=Map("tom"->98,"jerry"->100)

scores: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(tom -> 98, jerry -> 100)

scala> scores("tom")=101

scala> scores("tom")

res28: Int = 101


小結(jié):var val mutable immutable 定長(zhǎng)數(shù)組 變長(zhǎng)數(shù)組


定義可變映射hashmap

scala> val map1=new? scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int]()

map1: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map()

向map集合添加元素的三種方式:

第一種方式:為鍵賦值的方式

scala> map1("liudehua")=90

scala> map1

res30: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map(liudehua -> 90)

第二種方式:以鍵值對(duì)為一個(gè)整體加入

注意這種方式一個(gè)鍵值對(duì)要用括號(hào)括起來,否則會(huì)認(rèn)為"liuruoying"是第一個(gè)鍵值對(duì),而99是第二個(gè)鍵值對(duì)

scala> map1+=("liuruoying",99):15: error: type mismatch;

found? : String("liuruoying")

required: (String, Int)

map1+=("liuruoying",99)

正確加入鍵值對(duì)的方式

scala> map1+=(("liuruoying",99))

res33: map1.type = Map(liudehua -> 90, liuruoying -> 99)

第三種方式:put ?注意這種方式鍵值對(duì)不加括號(hào)

scala> map1.put("zhagngwuji",100)

res34: Option[Int] = None

加括號(hào)之后報(bào)錯(cuò):

scala> map1.put(("zhagngwuji",100)):15: error: not enough arguments for method put: (key: String, value: Int)Option[Int].Unspecified value parameter value.

將鍵值對(duì)從hashmap中移除:

當(dāng)前hashmap中鍵值對(duì)

scala> map1

res37: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map(liudehua -> 90, zhagngwuji -> 100, liuruoying -> 99)

測(cè)試1:鍵值對(duì):錯(cuò)誤:要求remove中參數(shù)必須是string類型,即key的類型

scala> map1.remove(("zhagngwuji",100))

error: type mismatch; found? : (String, Int)

required: String ? ? ?

正確的方式是傳遞一個(gè)key進(jìn)去:

scala> map1.remove("zhagngwuji")

res40: Option[Int] = Some(100)

scala> map1

res41: scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[String,Int] = Map(liudehua -> 90, liuruo

ying -> 99)


元組:不同類型的值的聚集==tuple(storm(分布式流計(jì)算框架)中的地鐵5號(hào)線)

定義一個(gè)元祖

scala> val array=Array((1,"liudehua",20,"F"),(2,"liuruoying"))

array: Array[Product with Serializable] = Array((1,liudehua,20,F), (2,liuruoying

))

元祖轉(zhuǎn)換為映射

錯(cuò)誤方式:

scala> array.toMap:15: error: Cannot prove that Product with Serializable <:< (T, U).

array.toMap

正確方式:

scala> val array2=Array((1,"liudehua"),(2,"liuruoying"))

array2: Array[(Int, String)] = Array((1,liudehua), (2,liuruoying))

scala> array2.toMap

res43: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(1 -> liudehua, 2 -> liur

uoying)

zip與toMap結(jié)合:拉鏈操作與映射操作

scala> val names=Array("liudehua","liuruoying")

names: Array[String] = Array(liudehua, liuruoying)

scala> val scores=Array(99,98,90)

scores: Array[Int] = Array(99, 98, 90)

scala> names.zip(scores)

res44: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((liudehua,99), (liuruoying,98))

scala> res44.toMap

res45: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(liudehua -> 99, liuruoyi

ng -> 98)


序列:不可變序列

scala> val list=List(1,2,3)

list: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3)

scala> list

res46: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3)

scala> val list2=List(4,5,6)

list2: List[Int] = List(4, 5, 6)

兩個(gè)集合合并

scala> list++list2

res48: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

可變序列:

import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer

scala> val list0=ListBuffer[Int](1,2,3)

list0: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer(1, 2, 3)

list是不可變集合,不可在操作符前

scala> list++=list0:17: error: value ++= is not a member of List[Int]

list++=list0

^

而list0才是可變,下面這種方式正確:

scala> list0++=list

res50: list0.type = ListBuffer(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

list的一些方法:頭、尾(尾巴很長(zhǎng))、求和、reduce、map等等

scala> list.head

res51: Int = 1

scala> list.tail

res52: List[Int] = List(2, 3)

scala> list.sum

res53: Int = 6

scala> list.reduce(_+_)

res54: Int = 6


綜合例子:wordcount

wordcount例子

對(duì)比第一天的Wordcount例子

array.flatMap((x:String)=>x.split(" ")).map(x=>(x,1)).reduceByKey((_+_)).collect


可變HashSet的使用:

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.HashSet

import scala.collection.mutable.HashSet

scala> val set2=HashSet(1,2,3)

set2: scala.collection.mutable.HashSet[Int] = Set(1, 2, 3)

scala> set2++=HashSet(3,4,5)

res63: set2.type = Set(1, 5, 2, 3, 4)


io.Source讀取文件

scala> import scala.io.Source

import scala.io.Source

scala> lazy val file=Source.fromFile("f:/serenity/scala/word.txt")

file: scala.io.BufferedSource =<lazy>

遍歷文件中每一行

scala> for(line<-file.getLines)println(line)

由于file被lazy修飾,因此在調(diào)用getLines方法時(shí)才去初始化file ,此時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)找不到文件。

java.io.FileNotFoundException: f:\serenity\scala\word.txt (系統(tǒng)找不到指定的文件

。)


總結(jié):以上是函數(shù)式編程語法的學(xué)習(xí)(高階函數(shù)),算子:flatMap map reduceByKey collect

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