1.disrupting/d?s?r?pt/(disrupting,disrupted,disrupts)
1.V-TIf someone or somethingdisruptsan event, system, or process, they cause difficulties that prevent it from continuing or operating in a normal way.
Anti-war protesters disrupted the debate.
2.conventional/k?n?v?n??n?l/
1.ADJSomeone who isconventionalhas behaviour or opinions that are ordinary and normal.
...a respectable married woman with conventional opinions.
2.ADVconventionally
Men still wore their hair short and dressed conventionally.
3.ADJAconventionalmethod or product is one that is usually used or that has been in use for a long time.
...the risks and drawbacks of conventional family planning methods.
4.ADJConventionalweapons and wars do not involve nuclear explosives.
We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical, and conventional arms.
詞根：convention
adj.conventionalized定型化的；約定俗成的
adv.conventionally照慣例，照常套
n.convention大會；[法] 慣例；[計] 約定；[法] 協定；習俗conventionality慣例；習俗；老套
conventionalism墨守成規；傳統主義conventionalization慣例化；習俗化；象征手法化
v.conventionalized使照慣例；俗化（conventionalize的過去式及過去分詞）
vt.conventionalize使習俗化；使樣式化；使照慣例
3.lazily['leizili]
adv.1.in a slow and lazy manner
I watched the blue smoke drift lazily away on the still air
2.in an idle manner
詞根：laze
adj.lazy懶惰的；懶洋洋的；怠惰的；慢吞吞的
vi.laze閑散；混日子；游手好閑
vt.laze消磨（時光）；懶散
4.barn/bɑ?n/
1.N-COUNTAbarnis a building on a farm in which animals, animal food, or crops can be kept.
2.N-COUNTany large building, esp an unattractive one
3.N-COUNTa unit of nuclear cross section equal to 10–28square metre 靶; 核反應截面單位 ( symbol: b)
5.photovoltaic/?f??t??v?l?te??k/
1.ADJAphotovoltaiccell or panel is a device that uses sunlight to cause a chemical reaction which produces electricity.
Less than 1% of the installed solarphotovoltaiccapacity in the world is based on Cigs.
photovoltaic effect光生伏打效應
photovoltaic cell光電池；硒電池
6.manure/m??nj??/
1.N-MASSManureis animal faeces, sometimes mixed with chemicals, that is spread on the ground in order to make plants grow healthy and strong.
...bags of manure.
green manure綠肥；未熟的堆肥??? pig manure豬糞；豬糞肥??? chicken manure雞糞
7.subsidy/?s?bs?d?/
1.N-COUNTAsubsidyis money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service.
European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.
詞根：subsidy
adj.subsidized補貼的，補助的
n.subsidization補助；提供津貼；獎金
v.subsidized資助或補助（subsidize的過去時和過去分詞）
vi.subsidise消退；下沉；平息
vt.subsidize資助；給與獎助金；向…行賄??? subsidise資助（等于subsidize）；給...補助金
8.grid/ɡr?d/
1.N-COUNTAgridis something which is in a pattern of straight lines that cross over each other, forming squares. On maps, the grid is used to help you find a particular thing or place.
...a grid of ironwork.
2.N-COUNTAgridis a network of wires and cables by which sources of power, such as electricity, are distributed throughout a country or area.
...breakdowns in communications and electric-power grids.
3.N-COUNTThegridorthestarting gridis the starting line on a car-racing track.
The Ferrari driver was starting second on the grid.
power grid電力網；強信號柵極????????????????? grid computing 網格計算
grid system坐標制；方格網制；電力網
9.anathema/??n?θ?m?/
1.N-UNCOUNTIf something isanathematoyou, you strongly dislike it.
Violence was anathema to them.
10.fossil fuel
1.N-MASSFossil fuelis fuel such as coal or oil that is formed from the decayed remains of plants or animals.
Burning fossil fuels uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
fossil/?f?s?l/
1.N-COUNTAfossilis the hard remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that are found inside a rock.
At this distance of time it is difficult to date the fossil.
2.someone whose style is out of fashion
Buthow doyoufindafossilofasymbolicthought?
living fossil[生]活化石；[口]落后于時代的人?????????????? trace fossil生痕化石；蹤跡化石
詞根：fossil
adj.fossilized石化的；僵化的；老化的?????? fossiliferous含有化石的
n. fossilization石化；僵化fossilisation化石化
v.? fossilized石化（fossilize的過去式和過去分詞）
vi.fossilize變成化石；變陳腐；使過時或固定不變；搜集化石fossilise變成化石（等于fossilize）
vt.fossilize使成化石；使陳腐?????? fossilise使成化石（等于fossilize）
11.incumbent/?n?k?mb?nt/
1.N-COUNTAnincumbentis someone who holds an official post at a particular time.
In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being re-elected.
2.ADJIncumbentis also an adjective.
...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator.
3.ADJIf it isincumbentonoruponyoutodo something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
She felt it was incumbent on herself to act immediately.
12.decarbonize
1.Vto remove carbon from (the walls of the combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine (See also decoke, decarburize)
He is concerned only that proposals todecarbonisethe economy should add up.
13.pour/p??/(pouring,poured,pours)
1.V-TIf youpoura liquid or other substance, you make it flow steadily out of a container by holding the container at an angle
Pour a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly.
2.V-TIf youpoursomeone a drink, you put some of the drink in a cup or glass so that they can drink it
He got up and poured himself another drink.
3.V-IWhen a liquid or other substancepourssomewhere, for example, through a hole, it flows quickly and in large quantities.
Blood was pouring from his broken nose.
4.V-IWhen it rains very heavily, you can say thatit is pouring.
It was still pouring outside.
5.V-IIf peoplepourinto or out of a place, they go there quickly and in large numbers.
Any day now, the Northern forces may pour across the new border.
6.V-IIf something such as informationpoursinto a place, a lot of it is obtained or given.
Martin, 78, died yesterday. Tributes poured in from around the globe.
pour outv. 傾吐；訴說??? pour into川流不息地涌入???? pouring rain瓢潑大雨
pour point[化]傾點，流點；[化]流動點，澆注點；零? pour in大量地涌入，傾倒；蜂擁而來
pour cold water on潑冷水，使(人)沮喪，
14.perennial/p??r?n??l/
1.ADJYou useperennialto describe situations or states that keep occurring or that seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.
...the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness.
2.ADJAperennialplant lives for several years and has flowers each year.
...a perennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers.
3.N-COUNTPerennialis also a noun.
...a low-growing perennial.
perennial plant多年生植物?????? perennial grasses多年生牧草
15.eternal/??t??n?l/
1.ADJSomething that iseternallasts forever.
...the quest for eternal youth.
2.ADJIf you describe something aseternal, you mean that it seems to last forever, often because you think it is boring or annoying.
In the background was that eternal hum.
詞根：eternal
adv.eternally永恒地；不朽地
n.eternity來世，來生；不朽；永世
vt.eternalize使永恒；使不朽；使不滅（等于eternize）??? eternize使不變；使永恒
16.Shale gas頁巖氣
abstract:
Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States since the start of this century, and interest has spread to potential gas shales in the rest of the world.
The challenge is this: the United States has embracedshalegasand the technique of fracking.
16.glut/ɡl?t/(glutting,glutted,gluts)
1.N-COUNTIf there is aglutofsomething, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.
Exports have become increasingly important to wineries as they battle a global wine glut.
2.V-TIf a marketis gluttedwithsomething, there is a glut of that thing.
The region is glutted with hospitals.
17.write off(writing,wrote,written,writes)
1.PHRASAL VERBIf someonewrites offa debt or an amount of money that has been spent on a project, they accept that they are never going to get the money back.
It was the president who persuaded the West to write off Polish debts.
2.PHRASAL VERBIf youwritesomeone or somethingoff, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.
He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age.
3.PHRASAL VERBIf youwrite offa plan or project, you accept that it is not going to be successful and do not continue with it.
We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping.
4.PHRASAL VERBIf youwrite offsomething such as a living expense, you deduct it from your taxes.
Teachers are still entitled to write off business expenses.
5.PHRASAL VERBIf youwrite offto a company or organization, you send them a letter, usually asking for something.
18.deregulate/di??r?ɡj??le?t/
(deregulating,deregulated,deregulates)
V-TToderegulatesomething means to remove controls and regulations from it.
...the need to deregulate the U.S. airline industry.
19.intermittent/??nt??m?t?nt/
ADJSomething that isintermittenthappens occasionally rather than continuously.
After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.
詞根：intermit
adv.intermittently間歇地
n.intermission幕間休息；暫停；中斷?????? intermittence時斷時續，間歇性；周期性
intermittency間歇性；間歇現象；間歇度?? intermitter間歇抽油裝置；間歇調節器
vi.intermit中斷
vt.intermit使中斷
20.shut out(shutting,shuts)
1.PHRASAL VERBIf youshutsomething or someoneout, you prevent them from getting into a place, for example, by closing the doors.
"I shut him out of the bedroom," says Maureen.
2.PHRASAL VERBIf youshut outa thought or a feeling, you prevent yourself from thinking or feeling it.
I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.
3.PHRASAL VERBIf youshutsomeoneoutof something, you prevent them from having anything to do with it.
She is very reclusive, to the point of shutting me out of her life.
4.PHRASAL VERBIn sports such as football and hockey, if one teamshuts outthe team they are playing against, they win and prevent the opposing team from scoring.
Harvard shut out Yale, 14-0.
21.doldrums/?d?ldr?mz/
1.PHRASEIf an activity or situation isin the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening.
The economy is in the doldrums.
2.赤道無風帶
22.cling/kl??/(clinging,clung,clings)
1.V-IIf youclingtosomeone or something, you hold onto them tightly.
Another man was rescued as he clung to the riverbank.
2.V-IIf someoneclingstoa position or a possession they have, they do everything they can to keep it even though this may be very difficult.
Instead, he appears determined to cling to power.
23.insulate/??nsj??le?t/(insulating,insulated,insulates)
1.V-TToinsulatesomething such as a building means to protect it from cold, heat, or noise by placing a layer of other material around it or inside it.
People should insulate their homes to conserve energy.
2.V-TIf a piece of equipmentis insulated, it is covered with rubber or plastic to prevent electricity from passing through it and giving the person using it an electric shock.
In order to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.
3.V-TIf a person or groupis insulatedfromthe rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them.
They wonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems.
4.N-UNCOUNT insulation
They lived in happy insulation from brutal facts.
24.grumble/?ɡr?mb?l/(grumbling,grumbled,grumbles)
1.V-T/V-IIf someonegrumbles, they complain about something in a bad-tempered way.
They grumble about how hard they have to work.
2.N-COUNTGrumbleis also a noun.
My only grumble is that there isn't a non-smoking section.
3.V-IIf somethinggrumbles, it makes a low continuous sound.
It was quiet now, the thunder had grumbled away to the west.
4.N-SINGGrumbleis also a noun.
One could often hear, far to the east, the grumble of guns.
25.dromedary/?dr?m?d?r?, -dr?, ?dr?m-/
1.Na type of Arabian camel bred for racing and riding, having a single hump and long slender legs 單峰駱駝
AspecialbreedofArabiancamel, thedromedary,has beendevelopedforridingandracing.
26.liken/?la?k?n/(likening,likened,likens)
1.V-TIf youlikenone thing or persontoanother thing or person, you say that they are similar.
She likens marriage to slavery.
27.upheaval/?p?hi?v?l/
1.N-COUNTAnupheavalis a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry.
Algeria has been going through political upheaval for the past two months.
28.vertically integrated垂直一體化
American Apparel is averticallyintegratedmanufacturer, distributor and retailer of branded fashion and basic apparel.
29.gossip/?ɡ?s?p/(gossiping,gossiped,gossips)
1.N-UNCOUNTGossipis informal conversation, often about other people's private affairs.
He spent the first hour talking gossip.
2.V-RECIPIf yougossip withsomeone, you talk informally, especially about other people or local events. You can also say that two peoplegossip.
We spoke, debated, gossiped into the night.
3.N-COUNTIf you describe someone as agossip, you mean that they enjoy talking informally to people about the private affairs of others.
He was a vicious gossip.
這幾天一直在看有關可再生能源的文章，覺得我們在這方面的技術和和研究還是不夠到位。人類目前面臨著能源危機，如果我們不能夠再找到其他能夠代替化石能源的能源，會有很大的危機。不過我們還是從大自然中找到了完全天然能再生的風能和太陽能，雖然我們還不能夠做到在無光照無風的情況下持續提供電源，但是相信隨著科學技術的不斷提高，我們終能夠突破這一技術難題的。核能也是一種高效的能源，我們可以對核能在進行更加深入的研究，爭取減小或者消除核泄漏產生的風險。
